基于刚柔耦合建模的挖掘机动态性能仿真研究

针对挖掘机工作装置刚柔耦合变形对液压控制系统动态特性的影响，结合虚拟样机建模和联合仿真技术进行动态特性研究。利用UG软件建立某型号挖掘机三维模型，通过有限元软件柔性化处理后导入ADAMS动力学分析软件中，构建挖掘机工作装置刚柔耦合虚拟样机。利用AMESim软件和负载敏感原理，建立挖掘机工作装置闭环液压控制系统。通过软件联合构造挖掘机机电液一体化的刚柔耦合仿真模型。针对挖掘机典型挖掘工况和重载举升工况下的运动轨迹进行仿真研究，结果表明：基于刚柔耦合建模的挖掘机液压控制系统动态稳定性较强，重载工况最大位置误差小于0.01 m,位置精度较高，实现了挖掘机刚柔耦合一体化建模仿真。     

起-停式定宽压力机刚柔耦合模型的动态仿真分析

为研究起-停式定宽压力机柔性体部件对机械运动精度的影响,分别应用Solid Works和ANSYS软件建立定宽压力机的三维刚体系统模型和侧压连杆的柔性体模型,并在动力学仿真软件ADAMS中采用替换法建立刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,通过仿真分析,得到了锤头的行程、速度和加速度等运动学参数,侧压连杆与滑架和曲柄之间的接触力分布,侧压连杆的应力及变形情况,并对多刚体和刚柔耦合模型的仿真结果进行了对比,结果可知,刚柔耦合模型更能反映机构的真实运动,为其动态性能的评价和优化提供参考。     

基于刚柔耦合的数控机床动态特性分析

在所开发的五坐标龙门数控机床虚拟样机的基础上,对其关键部位--横梁进行柔性化,建立了整机的刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,分析讨论横梁的柔性效应对机床运行稳定性的影响.结果表明:基于刚柔耦合模型的仿真分析更为准确地反映了机床的动力学特征,为最终实现机床结构优化设计提供可靠的理论依据.     

新型激振台的动力学分析与参数优化

提出了一种新型的激振台并研究其动力学特性,基于Sold Works和ADAMS软件建立激振台的虚拟样机模型。利用ADAMS的柔性体模块建立弹簧的柔性体模型,对激振台进行刚柔耦合动力学分析,并进一步分析了固有频率、振型及频率响应。根据分析结果优化弹簧和柔索的刚度,优化后的仿真结果表明:激振台的稳定性和振动情况都得到了提高。     

基于ADAMS和ANSYS的高速冲床执行机构动态仿真分析

在虚拟样机仿真分析可行性得到论证的基础上,介绍了一种基于虚拟样机技术的高速冲床执行机构有限元分析方法;采用SolidWorks、ANSYS和ADAMS联合仿真的关键技术,建立高速冲床执行机构的多刚体及刚柔耦合的虚拟样机模型,对其进行仿真分析,比较了两者的仿真结果,得出刚柔耦合模型更能反映机构的真实运动;根据仿真得到的执...     

四辊轧机辊系刚柔耦合动力学建模研究

板带轧机的工作稳定性取决于系统的动力学特性,其中轧辊沿轴线方向的弯曲变形运动是影响板带厚度和表面质量的主要因素。几种运动形式相互影响、耦合作用,令轧机辊系成为一个复杂多变量动态系统。为综合考虑轧制过程中轧辊不同振动形式之间的耦合效应,同时考虑工作辊动特性与轧制外载荷动态增量之间的相互作用关系,本文分别建立了辊系刚柔耦合动力学模型、轧机系统刚性振动耦合动力学模型和轧制变形区耦合动力学模型。通过建立的四辊轧机刚柔耦合动力学模型体系,对轧制过程进行动态控制,仿真分析了轧制过程中轧机辊系和变形区内轧件的动力学特性。     

考虑关节摩擦的刚柔耦合机械臂末端抖动模拟与分析

为了解关节摩擦对刚柔耦合机械臂末端抖动的影响,解决机械臂的优化设计问题,利用ANSYS、ADAMS软件建立机械臂刚柔耦合模型,并在ADAMS中进行动力学仿真。通过进一步创建考虑关节摩擦的机械臂虚拟样机模型,对机器人末端振动特性进行动态模拟与分析。仿真结果表明：在机器人实际工作过程中,关节2和关节3存在摩擦对机器人末端抖动的影响最显著;在考虑多关节摩擦时,关节2和关节3共同存在摩擦时可使得机器人末端非周期性抖动幅值减弱,且当关节2摩擦因数取0.1时机器人末端抖动表现最弱,但关节3摩擦因数的改变几乎不会引起机器人末端抖动情况的变化。     

F4轧机工作辊垂扭耦合振动仿真与分析

轧机工作辊处耦合振动是影响带钢质量的重要因素。根据某钢厂F4轧机实际参数建立了轧机工作辊垂扭耦合振动数学模型并进行了求解,得到了轧机工作辊处垂振和扭振的相互影响关系。同时,建立了该轧机系统三维模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS实现了关键部件的柔性化,最终建立了基于ADAMS的轧机系统刚柔耦合虚拟样机。利用ADAMS振动分析等模块,仿真分析了不同激励下轧机工作辊的动态响应情况。通过现场实测信号的分析验证了轧机工作辊垂扭耦合振动存在的真实性及模型建立的可靠性。分析结果表明,轧机工作辊处存在垂扭耦合振动且垂振对扭振的影响较为明显。     

基于多平台虚拟样机模型的轧机压下系统振动研究

为对轧机压下系统振动特征进行仿真分析,提出基于机液耦合的轧机八自由度动力学模型,采用联合建模仿真的方案,在ADAMS建立了符合八自由度动力学关系的轧机机械模型,同时建立基于AMESim的液压位置模型和基于Simulink的闭环控制模型,通过接口互联搭建了压下系统多平台仿真虚拟样机。设计基于带阻滤波器的控制器对干扰造成的虚拟样机耦合谐振进行抑制。仿真结果表明:滤波器的加入能有效抑制耦合振动对虚拟样机系统稳定性和精度的影响。虚拟样机对轧机振动的研究有一定参考价值。     

基于虚拟样机的新型圆柱凸轮液压马达研究

针对传统轴向柱塞液压马达转动惯量大、浪费能量且物理样机试验成本高的特点,提出一种圆柱凸轮柱塞液压马达设计方案,并进行虚拟样机仿真试验。基于RecurDyn和AMESim仿真软件分别建立圆柱凸轮马达的3D动力学模型和1D液压模型;利用HyperMesh软件生成轴的有限元柔性体,建立圆柱凸轮马达刚柔耦合动力学模型;其次,借助RecurDyn和AMESim软件间接口技术,实时共享动力学模型和液压模型间的关键参数信息,实现虚拟样机仿真试验。通过仿真分析,得到圆柱凸轮液压马达轴的动态应力应变曲线,并验证圆柱凸轮马达的工作原理和相关特性,为圆柱凸轮液压马达的特性分析、结构优化和物理样机的试制及应用提供参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。