Welding TiB2 Ceramics and Metal Mo with Combustion Reaction Technology

Combustion reaction welding, one promising method to weld ceramics and metals, was used to weld TiB2 and Mo. The results showed that the reacted products through combustion reaction were TiB2 and MoB when the Mo contents in reactants were 20 wt pct and 40 wt pct while there was Mo besides MoB and TiB2 when there were 60 wt pct and 80 wt pct Mo in reactants. Diffusion of elements occurred at the interfaces of the two substrates. The interfaces between the reacted and the two substrates were indistinct after being welded. The welding temperature strongly affected properties of the samples. The value of bending strength of the sample with 80 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃ was the highest, 368.52 MPa. The highest value of shear strength among all the samples was that of the one with 40 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃, 50.97 MPa.     

Welding TiB_2 Ceramies and Metai Mo with Combustion Reaction Technology

Combustion reaction welding, one promising method to weld ceramies and metals, was used to weld TiB2 and Mo. The results showed that the reacted products through combustion reaction were TiB2 and MoB when the Mo contents in reactants were 20 wt pct and 40 wt pct while there was Mo besides MoB and TiB2 when there were 60 wt pct and 80 wt pct Mo in reactants. Diffusion of elements occurred at the interfaces of the two substrates. The interfaces between the reacted and the two substrates were indistinct after being welded. The welding temperature strongly affected properties of the samples. The value of bending strength of the sample with 80 wt pct Mo in reactant welded at 1500℃ was the highest, 368.52 MPa. The highest value of shear strength among all the samples was that of the one with 40 wt pct Mo in reactant vvelded at 1500℃, 50.97 MPa.     

TiB2陶瓷与Mo金属的燃烧反应焊接

采用燃烧反应工艺焊接了TiB₂陶瓷与金属Mo,对中间反应层生成物进行了XRD物相分析,对焊接界面结合情况进行了电子探针分析。温度和中间层组分对焊接件的抗弯强度和抗剪切强度有一定的影响。分析表明:抗弯强度在焊接温度为1500℃,中间层Mo含量为80wt%时达最大值;在焊接温度为1500℃,中间层组分中含Mo为40wt%时所得焊接件抗剪切强度值达最大。     

Mo对高强度纯奥氏体气保焊丝熔敷金属力学性能的影响

测试了两种不同Mo含量的高强度纯奥氏体气保焊丝熔敷金属力学性能,并采用扫描电子显微镜对熔敷金属冲击断口和金相磨面微观形貌进行了观察,采用透射电子显微镜和XRD物相分析技术对第二相成分、结构进行了分析。试验结果表明,在该成分系下,随Mo含量的增加,熔敷金属强度有一定程度升高,但塑性和韧性均明显下降,主要原因是由于Mo的偏析,在晶界附近形成了Mo的富集区。随着Mo含量的增加,Mo的富集程度加剧,有力地促进了晶界附近χ相的形成,导致χ相数量增加,尺寸增大,由颗粒状弥散分布转变为层片状沿晶界呈网状分布,大大削弱了基体的连续性,造成熔敷金属强度上升而塑性、韧性显著下降。     

15Mo3和15CrMo异种钢焊接

针对某天然气综合利用项目实施过程中出现的15Mo3与15CrMo的异种钢焊接问题,在相关规范的基础上,制定了焊接工艺、确定了焊接材料,并指导焊接工作对15Mo3和15CrMo钢管道进行了焊接。经检测,所得焊接接头的焊接性能达到了预期效果,且管道运行至今尚未发生泄漏事故,证明了所制定的焊接工艺是正确可行的。     

SHS合成陶瓷过程中的金属液相

ＳＨＳ过程出现的金属液相包括参入化学反应和不参入化学反应两种情况。本文通过反应过程动力学研究，分析了参入反应的金属液相对ＳＨＳ过程的作用。采用扩散模型和溶解－析晶模型，对ＳＨＳ过程出现的二类不同反应机理进行了解释。     

Microstructure Evolution and Isothermal Compaction in TiO2-Al-C Combustion Reaction

Combustion reaction in the TiO₂-Al-C system was investigated by the combustion wave freezing technique with a wedge-shaped copper-made quenching block. The combustion reaction was a combined process in which the aluminothermic reduction of TiO₂ (3TiO₂ + 4Al 2Al₂O₃ + 3Ti) and TiC formation reaction (Ti + C TiC) occur in series. First, the aluminothermic reduction was activated by wet spreading of molten Al into interspaces between TiO₂ particles to produce rounded Al₂O₃ grains embedded in the Ti-rich liquid phase. In the later combustion stage, the Ti-rich phase reacted with the reactant C to produce TiC grains in the Ti-rich liquid phase. The three-dimensionally interconnected Al₂O₃ structure typically shown in this system mainly originated from interconnection between the rounded Al₂O₃ grains due to the high combustion temperature from the high exothermic TiC formation reaction. With decreasing the combustion temperature and controlling the C and TiC content, the interconnected Al₂O₃ structure changed to isolated. The isolated Al₂O₃ structure showed superior isothermal compaction behavior to the interconnected. Finally, it is suggested that the microstructure of combustion reaction should be one of the important factors in the SHS compaction process.     

Characteristics of Reaction Propagation in Combustion Synthesis of (Ti-B-C) Systems

Combustion syntheses of the (Ti-B-C) system have been investigated through measurements of its reaction heats and propagation rates. In order to clarify the reaction propagation characteristics, powder mixture compositions and the constituent carbon sizes were varied. As a result of the present work, it has been confirmed that the variation of the propagation rate related to the mixture ratios of the starting powders and greatly depended on carbon size. Three regimes categorize the present propagation characteristic: when the (Ti + 2B) component is predominant, the propagation rate decreases drastically with increasing the mole fraction of (Ti + C) component because the superiority of the reaction between Ti and B decreases. In the regime of the intermediate mole fraction, the propagation rate does not change as much. As the (Ti + C) component becomes predominant, the reaction between Ti and C overcomes the reaction with B and the propagation rate becomes large. In this regime, the large specific heat of boron might affect such a tendency.     

陶瓷-金属焊接的方法与技术

概述了陶瓷-金属焊接的特点,综述了常见的6种焊接方法,包括钎焊、扩散连接、过渡液相连接、自蔓延高温合成连接、热压反应烧结连接和摩擦焊等,重点介绍了它们的工艺特点和研究现状.在此基础上,比较了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,并对陶瓷-金属焊接的研究前景进行了展望.     

Synergizing Mo Single Atoms and Mo2C Nanoparticles on CNTs Synchronizes Selectivity and Activity of Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction to Ammonia

Previous research of molybdenum-based electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been largely considered on either isolated Mo single atoms (MoSAs) or Mo carbide particles (e.g., Mo₂C) separately, while an integrated synergy (MoSAs-Mo₂C) of the two has never been considered. The theoretical calculations show that the Mo single atoms and Mo₂C nanoparticles exhibit, respectively, different catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and NRR selectivity. Therefore, a new role-playing synergistic mechanism can be well enabled for the multistep NRR, when the two are combined on the same N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). This hypothesis is confirmed experimentally, where the MoSAs-Mo₂C assembled on NCNTs (MoSAs-Mo₂C/NCNTs) yields an ammonia formation rate of 16.1 µg h⁻¹ cm_cat⁻² at −0.25 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is about four times that by the Mo₂C alone (Mo₂C/NCNTs) and 4.5 times that by the MoSAs alone (MoSAs/NCNTs). Moreover, the Faradic efficiency of the MoSAs-Mo₂C/NCNTs is raised up to twofold and sevenfold of the Mo₂C/NCNTs and MoSAs/NCNTs, respectively. The MoSAs-Mo₂C/NCNTs also demonstrate outstanding stability by the almost unchanged catalytic performance over 10 h of the chronoamperometric test. The present study provides a promising new prototype of synchronizing the selectivity and activity for the multistep catalytic reactions.     

Superaerophobic Ultrathin Ni–Mo Alloy Nanosheet Array from In Situ Topotactic Reduction for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has prospect to becoming clean and renewable technology for hydrogen production and Ni–Mo alloy is among the best HER catalysts in alkaline electrolytes. Here, an in situ topotactic reduction method to synthesize ultrathin 2D Ni–Mo alloy nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution is reported. Due to its ultrathin structure and tailored composition, the as‐synthesized Ni–Mo alloy shows an overpotential of 35 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^?2, along with a Tafel slope of 45 mV decade^?1, demonstrating a comparable intrinsic activity to state‐of‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. Besides, the vertically aligned assemble structure of the 2D NiMo nanosheets on conductive substrate makes the electrode “superaerophobic,” thus leading to much faster bubble releasing during HER process and therefore shows faster mass transfer behavior at high current density as compared with drop drying Pt/C catalyst on the same substrate. Such in situ topotactic conversion finds a way to design and fabricate low‐cost, earth‐abundant non‐noble metal based ultrathin 2D nanostructures for electrocatalytic issues.     

In Situ N‐Doped Graphene and Mo Nanoribbon Formation from Mo2Ti2C3 MXene Monolayers

Since the advent of monolayered 2D transition metal carbide and nitrides (MXenes) in 2011, the number of different monolayer systems and the study thereof have been on the rise. Mo₂Ti₂C₃ is one of the least studied MXenes and new insights to this material are of value to the field. Here, the stability of Mo₂Ti₂C₃ under electron irradiation is investigated. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the structural and elemental changes in situ. It is found that Mo₂Ti₂C₃ is reasonably stable for the first 2 min of irradiation. However, structural changes occur thereafter, which trigger increasingly rapid and significant rearrangement. This results in the formation of pores and two new nanomaterials, namely, N‐doped graphene membranes and Mo nanoribbons. The study provides insight into the stability of Mo₂Ti₂C₃ monolayers against electron irradiation, which will allow for reliable future study of the material using TEM. Furthermore, these findings will facilitate further research in the rapidly growing field of electron beam driven chemistry and engineering of nanomaterials.     

铝壳体焊接的工艺设计及新技术应用

通过分析铝合金焊接特点和批量生产性质,进行多种焊接工艺方案的比较.认为采用变极性等离子焊接工艺及支管焊接新技术,可提高焊接效率,保证焊接质量的稳定性,获得良好的经济效益.     

奥氏体耐热钢的焊接技术与工艺探讨

详细分析了奥氏体耐热钢的焊接特点,以及如何掌握该类耐热钢的核心焊接技术,合理控制铁素体与奥氏体的比例。介绍了在实际焊接中,奥氏体耐热钢主要焊接缺陷产生的种类与机理;在工艺上,总结了奥氏体耐热钢防止缺陷产生的主要措施。最后,指出了手工电弧焊的焊接工艺中,应当注意的关键点和要求坚持的一般焊接规范。     

钼铜扩散焊接接头界面显微组织

采用扩散焊接方法对钼铜异种材料进行了焊接,研究了直接焊接和加镍作为中间层焊接对焊接接头界面显微组织的影响,通过SEM、EDS、EPMA、XRD等测试方法对其显微结构进行了表征.结果表明,直接焊接时,焊接界面结合紧密,Mo、Cu原子之间相互扩散形成扩散层,接头断裂发生在扩散层,由于柯肯达尔效应作用,在铜侧形成少量孔洞,孔洞的存在使焊接接头性能降低;加镍中间层焊接时,接头抗拉强度高于直接焊接时抗拉强度,Mo/Ni和Ni/Cu界面结合紧密,Mo/Ni界面形成固溶体层,接头断裂发生在Mo/Ni界面处,断口呈典型的脆性断裂特征.     

CO2角焊中手工与角焊机作业方式的对比研究

利用工作研究的技术和方法对船厂焊接操作中常用的两种CO2角焊工作方式进行了研究,建立了标准化的操作程序,并为两种工作方式建立了评价指标及评价函数,从而得出适用于两种作业方式的选择条件,为合理选择手工焊作业与角焊机作业,提高焊接作业生产效率提供了依据。     

高压气-固燃烧合成h-BN-SiO2和h-BN陶瓷材料的研究

采用高压气-固燃烧合成法制备了密度为1.79g/cm^3的h-BN-SiO2陶瓷和密度为1.7g/cm^3的h-BN陶瓷,抗弯强度分别为76MPa的42.8MPa,硬度分别为212(HV）和108（HV）。分析了氮气压力和初始孔隙率对反应物燃烧和产物的影响,结果发现适当的初始孔隙率和氮气压力条件下对于（h-BN-SiO2;48%≤ρ≤52%,75MPa≤P≤85MPa;对于h-BN;48%≤ρ≤52%,95MPa≤P≤100MPa）可以得到无裂纹的产物。产物中的片状h-BN颗粒为各向同性,高的氮气压力导致h-BN颗粒尺寸增大,同时发现h-BN-SiO2产物中SiO2以玻璃相的形式存在于晶相B7O的边缘,B7O的产生与原料SiO2及其氧化物杂质有关。