柴油机机油冷却滤清模块的优化设计

基于柴油机热管理需求,从提升柴油机常用工况区机油温度、降低摩擦损失,以及优化机油流动阻力、降低机油泵泵送功率的角度出发,提出了机油温控设计方案,并据此设计开发了一款集成机油节温器的机油冷却滤清模块。运用计算流体力学(CFD)仿真,评估了该模块典型运行边界下的流体域分布,并通过快速成型件进行试验验证。结果表明：该模块设计方案基本实现了机油流向分配及阻力降低的目标;通过台架功能试验及行车路谱数据分析,机油节温器在管控油-水热交换、降低机油耗率方面有较大作用。     

润滑系统专辑

<正>１ 机油在维修中的多种功能ａ．拆卸发咬件:当运动副与螺纹连接件出现发咬现象时,用机油浇淋或浸泡一定时间可使其结合面得到渗透润滑而产生松动;ｂ．安装紧配件:在装配过渡配合或过盈配合的零件时,可将配合件的包容件浸泡在机油中加     

如何正确使用发动机机油

１ 前言 目前，国外发动机机油的分类方法主要有两种：一种是美国汽车工程师学会（ＳＡＥ）的粘度分类法，另一种是美国石油学会（ＡＰＩ）的使用条件分类法。 ＳＡＥ粘度分类法（目前国际上较为通用）是以一定温度下的运动粘度大小来划分等级（表１）。表中尾缀带“ Ｗ”为冬用机油，是按－１８℃的粘度指标划分；不带“ Ｗ”的为常温和较高环境温度的粘度指标划分。 使用中常用多级（稠化）机油牌号表示，表２为ＳＡＥ １０Ｗ／３０与ＳＡＥ１０Ｗ、ＳＡＥ３０机油粘度比较。可见，ＳＡＥ１０Ｗ／３０在－２０℃时（低温）的粘度与ＳＡＥ…     

汽油机瞬时机油压力低故障分析

某汽油发动机转速从4 000 r/min以上突降至怠速时,瞬时机油压力报警器报警。针对该现象,对机油压力报警器、油路、转子机油泵性能、机油泵转子间隙及机油泵内转子与曲轴轴颈驱动面间隙进行检测和试验。逐一分析了各种原因,最终找出发动机瞬时机油压力报警的原因,即机油泵内转子驱动面间距和转子安装槽深度均超差,影响了机油泵性能。当发动机转速突降时,机油泵泄油量增大,机油压力低报警。     

发动机机油压力异常的排查与分析

因发动机一致性存在差异,在试验和使用过程中,经常会遇到机油压力异常的问题。由于发动机润滑系统由多种用油元件组成,油路复杂,如何快速准确地找出问题所在,一直受到关注和探索。本文以某款汽车发动机机油压力异常为例,介绍一种油压异常排查方法。     

探究增压直喷机型机油稀释的影响因素及解决方法

机油稀释现象是发动机常见的试验表象之一,尤其是增压缸内直喷汽油发动机,机油稀释较明显。机油发生稀释后会破坏机油使用性能,降低运动粘度,严重时还导致机油压力下降,零部件功能丧失,发动机可靠性下降。主要分析一款1.8L GDI缸内增压直喷发动机产生机油稀释的影响因素进而对机油牌号、机油温度、水温、SOI角度、曲轴箱通风系统、活塞漏气量、喷油器布置方式进行Benchmark分析及优化验证,为改善增压直喷发动机机油稀释现象提供解决方法,机油稀释包括燃油喷射稀释和机油挥发稀释,重点探究的方向是燃油喷射稀释。     

发动机机油耗及影响因素

本文介绍了发动机机油耗的最新准确定义，并着重从系统和活塞环的角度考虑对机油耗的影响因素，以及有效降低机油耗的方法。     

提高机油温度对Z12V190柴油机低温启动的重要性

结合Ｚ１２Ｖ１９０柴油机机油预热启动减轻磨损的情况，论述了低温启动对柴油机造成的磨损，提出了以提高机油启动温度来降低柴油机磨损的措施。     

新开发的135系列柴油机用机油滤清器与机油冷却器总成

介绍一种全新的135系列柴油机用机油滤清器与机油冷却器总成的结构和使用效果.     

Estimation of the Energy Efficiency of Oil Production and Pipe-line Transportation Systems

Abstract

The method of energy use effectiveness of oil production and pipe-line transport systems by the efficiency test is suggested. The concept of idealized analogs of the processes for calculation of the minimum necessary energy/work consumption on their realization is used. The idealized analogs, under the assumptions made for their forming, are described. Determining the theoretic energy consumption is based on methods of hydraulic and thermodynamic analysis.     

美国战略石油储备补仓和释放策略分析

美国是最早建立战略石油储备的国家之一,自20世纪70年代开始已逐步形成了一套比较完善的战略石油储备决策管理体系。历史数据表明,美国战略石油储备的几次释放和补仓时机都把握得很好,充分发挥了战略石油储备保障国家石油供应安全、平抑国际原油价格的作用。本文系统地介绍和分析了美国战略石油储备几次主要的释放和补仓策略,以期为探讨我国战略石油储备的补仓和释放时机与策略,提供决策信息参考。     

Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock

Biodiesel has high potential as a new and renewable energy source in the future, as a substitution fuel for petroleum-derived diesel and can be used in existing diesel engine without modification. Currently, more than 95% of the world biodiesel is produced from edible oil which is easily available on large scale from the agricultural industry. However, continuous and large-scale production of biodiesel from edible oil without proper planning may cause negative impact to the world, such as depletion of food supply leading to economic imbalance. A possible solution to overcome this problem is to use non-edible oil or waste edible oil (WEO). In this context, the next question that comes in mind would be if the use of non-edible oil overcomes the short-comings of using edible oil. Apart from that, if WEO were to be used, is it sufficient to meet the demand of biodiesel. All these issues will be addressed in this paper by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using edible oil vs. non-edible vs. WEO as feedstock for biodiesel production. The discussion will cover various aspects ranging from oil composition, oil yield, economics, cultivation requirements, land availability and also the resources availability. Finally, a proposed solution will be presented.     

The status of conventional world oil reserves—Hype or cause for concern?

The status of world oil reserves is a contentious issue, polarised between advocates of peak oil who believe production will soon decline, and major oil companies that say there is enough oil to last for decades.     

生物柴油规模化生产原料开发研究

生物柴油是最接近石化柴油的绿色替代燃油.目前限制我国生物柴油产业化发展的真正瓶颈是其生产原料严重不足.文章介绍了餐饮废油和乌桕梓油的特性及其生物柴油生产工艺的研究成果,指出餐饮废油只能成为生物柴油原料来源的一小部分,发展具有我国特色的木本油料植物种植业,并与生态治理有机结合,将是解决生物柴油原料来源的主要途径.     

Factors Affecting the Oil Agglomeration of Sivas-Divriği Uluçayır Lignite

Abstract

In the coal industry, the coal particles need to be decreased to a very fine size because of the need of removing inorganic materials from coal. Oil agglomeration is a kind of coal cleaning technique that is used for separation of organic and inorganic parts of fine sized coal. In this study, the oil agglomeration of Sivas-Divri?i (S-D) Uluçay?r lignite was carried out by using kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, poppy oil, and sunflower oil. The amount of bridging oil was varied from 5% to 25% of the amount of lignite. The effect of oil amount, oil type, solid content, agitation rate and time, pH on agglomeration performance was investigated. Maximum recovery value of 98.18% was observed by using poppy oil. In order to investigate the effect of pH on agglomeration NaOH and HCl is added to the slurry in various amounts. It is decided that the best agglomeration condition is obtained at low pH values. The effect of nonionic surface active agent (Igepal-CA 630) on agglomeration is investigated by adding to the slurry and it is observed that the grade is increased with the amount of surface active agent.     

Mitigation of maximum world oil production: Shortage scenarios

A framework is developed for planning the mitigation of the oil shortages that will be caused by world oil production reaching a maximum and going into decline. To estimate potential economic impacts, a reasonable relationship between percent decline in world oil supply and percent decline in world GDP was determined to be roughly 1:1. As a limiting case for decline rates, giant fields were examined. Actual oil production from Europe and North America indicated significant periods of relatively flat oil production (plateaus). However, before entering its plateau period, North American oil production went through a sharp peak and steep decline. Examination of a number of future world oil production forecasts showed multi-year rollover/roll-down periods, which represent pseudoplateaus. Consideration of resource nationalism posits an Oil Exporter Withholding Scenario, which could potentially overwhelm all other considerations. Three scenarios for mitigation planning resulted from this analysis: (1) A Best Case, where maximum world oil production is followed by a multi-year plateau before the onset of a monatomic decline rate of 2–5% per year; (2) A Middling Case, where world oil production reaches a maximum, after which it drops into a long-term, 2–5% monotonic annual decline; and finally (3) A Worst Case, where the sharp peak of the Middling Case is degraded by oil exporter withholding, leading to world oil shortages growing potentially more rapidly than 2–5% per year, creating the most dire world economic impacts.     

Performance and emission analysis of compression ignition engine using biodiesels from Acid oil,Mahua oil,and Castor oil

Research on and use of biodiesels for engines is growing continuously in the present era. Compression ignition (CI) engine performance for biodiesels of blends B20 from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil is experimentally investigated. The engine performance analysis in the form of brake‐specific fuel consumption, brake‐specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and air fuel ratio are compared with diesel as base fuel. Emission characteristics like CO, CO₂, NOx, and opacity are comparatively studied in detail for the considered biodiesels. The entire study is compared with the performance of engine when pure diesel is chosen as fuel. From the complete analysis it was observed that the BTE was higher for Acid oil and Mahua oil among the biodiesels used. And regarding CO emissions, Mahua oil showed lower effect than other biodiesels. Upto 6% increase in EGT of Mahua oil was obtained at no load and for other loads the percent reduced. For all the biodiesels the % enhancement in Co, CO₂, and NOx was more than 60% at highest load compared with diesel.     

我国经济和社会发展中必须重视石油峰值问题

石油峰值(Peak Oil)是指某一区域(全球、地区、国家、油区等)石油产量的最大值及其来临的时间。世界石油产量到达峰值并不意味着全世界已将石油消耗怠尽,也不意味着人类不可能在地球上再发现新的油田,只是新发现的油田的石油产量越来越无法弥补已开发油田产量的下降,世界石油供应量不可能再增加,不能满足人类日益增长的需求。许多研究表明世界石油产量正在进入峰值平台期,随时都可能出现资源长期短缺的石油危机。我国的石油消费一直以较快的速度增长,石油也许很快成为我国经济发展的瓶颈。本文提出了石油峰值——我国经济和社会发展中必须重视的一个重大问题,希望大家尤其是主管部门和高层决策者充分认识石油峰值的内涵和挑战,高度重视我国面临的潜在的石油危机,认真落实科学发展观、未雨绸缪,提早采取应对策略以实现我国经济社会的可持续发展。     

取消机车运用中机油报废制度的可行性探讨

运用中的机车机油每年因大、中、小修,或由于某一项指标不合格就做报废油处理,价格低廉,而新进油的价格昂贵,这样所造成的损失是巨大的。本文针对“取消机车运用中的机油报废制度”的有关问题进行了探讨。