乳状液膜夹带溶胀的研究

采用界面张力法和聚结电压法测定三种表面活性剂界面张力的时间效应、界面膜的聚结电压以及表面活性剂液膜体系的夹带溶胀率。实验表明,吸附速度慢、聚结电压低的表面活性剂,其夹带溶胀小,因此,认为抑制液膜溶胀的合适表面活性剂是一种吸附速度慢、聚结电压低的聚合物。     

复合驱油体系的界面剪切粘度与界面张力研究

应用界面粘弹性测定仪和界面张力仪,测定了碱、表面活性剂和聚合物三元复合驱油体系的油／水界面剪切粘度和界面张力。实验表明,在一般情况下,碱和表面活性剂的降低界面张力作用与提高界面剪切粘度作用相对应。聚合物HPAM大多数情况下都使界面张力略有升高。且可使极低的界面剪切粘度升高,很高的界面剪切粘度降低。     

纳米材料在提高原油采收率中的研究进展

近年来,油田采油过程对驱油材料的性能提出了更高的要求,使用纳米材料是从微观角度提升驱油剂性能的重要方法.研究表明,对纳米材料进行改性处理,如表面接枝改性、构造核-壳分子结构等,以及将纳米材料与其他驱油材料(如聚合物、表面活性剂等)复配,可从降低油水界面张力、乳化原油降低原油粘度、改善岩石表面润湿性、稳定泡沫等方面推动原...     

乳状液液膜体系中助表面活性剂LA的作用及其应用研究

本文提出了通过降低乳水界面张力来改善乳液分散的新途径,在一定程度上克服了依靠提高机械搅拌速度,来改善乳液分散效果时引起的乳液稳定性降低这一不良影响。研制了一种命名为LA的助表面活性剂,将其用于液膜体系可有效地降低乳水界面张力,极大地改善乳液的分散,提高液膜的稳定性,在液膜除酚试验中获得了良好的效果。     

乳状液液膜体系中助表面活性剂LA的作用及其应用研究

本文提出了通过降低乳水界面张力来改善乳液分散的新途径,在一定程度上克服了依靠提高机械搅拌速度,来改善乳液分散效果时引起的乳液稳定性降低这一不良影响。研制了一种命名为LA的助表面活性剂,将其用于液膜体系可有效地降低乳水界面张力,极大地改善乳液的分散,提高液膜的稳定性,在液膜除酚试验中获得了良好的效果。     

疏水纳米氧化硅稳定水包油乳液机制研究

以矿物油、表面活性剂、疏水纳米SiO₂为原料，采用机械乳化法制备了含纳米SiO₂水包油型乳液。通过响应曲面实验得出SiO₂含量是影响乳液稳定性的主要因素，并在此基础上系统地研究了疏水纳米SiO₂对乳液稳定性及特性的影响。结果表明：当固体颗粒含量达到一定时，才能形成稳定的乳液，其形状与大小随着颗粒含量的增加而发生改变；与传统乳液相比，含固体颗粒乳液具有更好的热稳定性。其次，采用荧光显微镜、界面张力、界面流变等测试手段揭示了疏水颗粒稳定水包油型乳液的相应机制。结果表明：疏水纳米SiO₂吸附于油水界面改变了界面膜强度与结构，并与表活剂产生协同作用降低了油水界面张力，从而使乳液更加稳定。     

液膜用高分子表面活性剂性能研究

本文介绍液膜用高分子表面活性剂PSN_(-89414)的性能,通过界面张力测定,用表面活性剂分子在界面上吸附理论导出公式求得Span80,PS_(-89414)的界面吸附平衡常数K_(?)及S_(af)的数值,结果表明,K_(?)、S_(af)数值愈大的表面活性剂制得乳状液愈稳定,液膜溶胀愈小。PSN_(-89414)的W/O/W乳状液体系用于稀土分离,速度快,从浓度1.2g/L的稀土溶液浓集到103g/L。     

双离子表面活性剂的研究现状

双子表面活性剂具有较低的临界胶束浓度、降低水溶液表面张力或者水油之间界面张力的性能更强、更好的水溶性等优点。这些优良性能使其具有良好的应用潜力。本文介绍了双子表面活性剂的性能、合成以及应用等现状,表明这种表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值。     

表面活性剂对液膜分离传质性能的影响

研究了不同表面活性剂组成的液膜体系在分离过程中的传质、溶胀和渗透等性能，分别考查了聚胺型表面活性剂L-113A和LMA-1及酯型表面活性剂Span80对含P204载体液膜体系迁移镧(Ⅲ)的影响，以及L—113A、L—113B和EM-301对无载体液膜体系富集氨氮的影响．实验表明，因表面活性剂不同，造成乳状液膜体系在分离富集镧或氨氮时，分离传质性能相差较大，LMA—1—P204-煤油的液膜体系对镧具有最大的迁移能力。迁移率97．4％；而L-113A-膜相添加剂-煤油的液膜体系对氨氮的溶解渗透能力最大。迁移率为86．4％．另外，对因表面活性剂结构不同而造成油水界面黏度的差异以及对传质速率的影响，从乳状液膜和自组装双分子液膜等方面进行了探讨．     

液膜用高分子表面活性剂性能研究

本文介绍液膜用高分子表面活性剂PSN_(-89414)的性能,通过界面张力测定,用表面活性剂分子在界面上吸附理论导出公式求得Span80,PSN_(-89414)的界面吸附平衡常数K_(s)及S_(sf)的数值,结果表明,K_(s)、S_(sf)数值愈大的表面活性剂制得乳状液愈稳定,液膜溶胀愈小。PSN_(-89414)的W/O/W乳状液体系用于稀土分离,速度快,从浓度1.2g/L的稀土溶液浓集到103g/L。     

Foaming binary solution mixtures of low molecular surfactant and polyelectrolyte

The lifetime of water solution foams of sodium dodecylsulfate (DDS, low molecular weight surfactant) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC, polyelectrolyte) and their binary mixtures was experimentally investigated. The effects of ionic strength and acidity on the foam life were also determined. In binary solutions, a synergic effect of DDS and SCMC on the surface tension reduction, most likely resulting from the interaction of the surfactant with polymer, was found. The addition of NaCl into solution or increasing the ionic strength was found to decrease the surface tension and reduce interfacial mobility, hence increased foam lifetime. The relatively low lifetime of binary solution foams in acidic medium was attributed to the reaction between SCMC and acid, which resulted in relatively small reductions in the viscosity and consequently lowered the solution viscosity.     

两种磁性液体用氟碳表面活性剂性能的实验研究

氟碳表面活性剂作为一种新型功能材料,具有优良的耐热稳定性和化学稳定性,耐高温、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀等特性,具有高表面活性、用量少、有效率高等卓越特点,通过对2种氟碳表面活性剂：全氟聚醚油（FMY）和全氟聚醚酸（FMS）与其它碳氢类和有机硅类的表面活性剂在表面张力的测量,表面张力随温度的变化,复配张力变化以及粘温性能测试等几个方面进行实验,得出其最佳使用条件,从而为制备氟碳基磁性液体确定制备工艺条件。     

Surface tension of aqueous lithium bromide with heat/mass transfer enhancement additives: the effect of additive vapor transport

Heat/mass transfer enhancement additives used in aqueous lithium bromide absorption chillers are surfactants that lower the surface tension of the working fluid. It has long been speculated that the surface tension characteristics are a key to the enhancement but the point is controversial because some surfactants do not provide enhancement. In the present study, the surface tension of aqueous lithium bromide was measured, with and without various surfactant additives, using a drop weight method. Measurements were also made on water, with and without an additive. The results provide new information that clarifies several confusing aspects of the literature data. The major result is the realization that the surface tension of aqueous lithium bromide is strongly affected by the presence of surfactant vapor around the liquid interface. This apparently explains the large differences in surface tension data found in the literature since no previous studies mentioned the importance of the vapor conditions.     

Two-layer flow in a corrugated channel

The flow of two superposed viscous fluid layers in a two-dimensional channel confined between a plane and a wavy or indented wall is studied by analytical and numerical methods at arbitrary Reynolds numbers. The interface between the two fluids may exhibit constant or variable surface tension due to an insoluble surfactant. The flow is computed from a specified initial condition using the immersed-interface method on a curvilinear grid constructed by conformal mapping. The numerical simulations illustrate the effect of geometrical nonlinearity and reveal that inertia may increase or decrease the amplitude of the interface profile at steady state depending on the flow parameters. Increasing either the Reynolds number or the wall amplitude above a certain threshold value provokes flow instability and overturning of the interface. In the Appendix, a linear perturbation analysis is performed for arbitrary Reynolds numbers on the assumption of small-amplitude sinusoidal undulations, and results for the amplitude and phase shift of the interfacial and surfactant concentration wave are documented for a broad range of flow conditions. It is found that inertia may have a mixed effect on the deformation and phase shift, while the surfactant promotes the deformation of the interface under most conditions.     

The effects of surfactant on the multiscale structure of bubbly flows

It is well known that a bubble in contaminated water rises much slower than one in purified water, and the rising velocity in a contaminated system can be less than half that in a purified system. This phenomenon is explained by the so-called Marangoni effect caused by surfactant adsorption on the bubble surface. In other words, while a bubble is rising, there exists a surface concentration distribution of surfactant along the bubble surface because the adsorbed surfactant is swept off from the front part and accumulates in the rear part by advection. Owing to this surfactant accumulation in the rear part, a variation of surface tension appears along the surface and this causes a tangential shear stress on the bubble surface. This shear stress results in the decrease in the rising velocity of the bubble in contaminated liquid. More interestingly, this Marangoni effect influences not only the bubble's rising velocity but also its lateral migration in the presence of mean shear. Together, these influences cause a drastic change of the whole bubbly flow structures. In this paper, we discuss some experimental results related to this drastic change in bubbly flow structure. We show that bubble clustering phenomena are observed in an upward bubbly channel flow under certain conditions of surfactant concentrations. This cluster disappears with an increase in the concentration. We explain this phenomenon by reference to the lift force acting on a bubble in aqueous surfactant solutions. It is shown that the shear-induced lift force acting on a contaminated bubble of 1mm size can be much smaller than that on a clean bubble.     

Effect of acoustic cavitation on ease of infiltration of molten aluminum alloys into carbon fiber bundles using ultrasonic infiltration method

Continuous M40J carbon fiber reinforced aluminum–magnesium alloy composite wires have been fabricated using ultrasonic infiltration. The infiltration phenomenon is examined from the viewpoint of acoustic cavitation. The ease of infiltration of the molten alloys was found to be proportional to the maximum intensity of the acoustic cavitation. The ease of infiltration and the intensity were enhanced by the addition of surfactant elements into the molten aluminum. Thus, a decrease in surface tension caused an increase in the generation of acoustic cavitation thereby resulting in infiltration. Therefore, the generation of the acoustic cavitation is an infiltration controlling factor during the use of ultrasonic vibration.     

复合表面活性剂在硝铵溶液中的胶束化热力学性质研究

应用自动表面张力仪测量了对硝铵结晶有显著影响的阴阳离子复合表面活性剂和在硝铵溶液中不同温度下的表面张力，求得了对应的临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）．根据质量作用定律，得出了表面活性剂胶束化时的热力学模型，并对其热力学性质进行了计算和讨论。     

Interfacial tension of critical liquid mixtures in the presence of a surfactant

The interfacial tension of a liquid-liquid interface in the critical region has been obtained as a function of the surfactant concentration on the basis of the Landau-Ginzburg model for critical phenomena. It is shown that surfactants may reduce significantly the interfacial tension in addition to the well-known near-critical reduction.     

表面活性剂促进气体水合物生成的研究

天然气水合物被公认为21世纪的重要后续能源,其生成与压力、温度、气水接触面积以及添加剂等因素有关。文章概述了表面活性剂的基本性质,并从改变反应液的表面张力、形成胶束、改变水合物形貌等方面总结了表面活性剂对促进水合物生成的影响,提出了其促进水合物生成的机理。对于未来的研究,我们不仅要观察水合物的形态,也要从水合物膜的内部结构分析表面活性剂对水合物的生成影响,为水合物生成机理形成统一的认识和气体水合物进一步发展提供参考。     

Interfacial Tension Measurement With an Optofluidic Sensor

This paper reports a novel optofluidic sensor for measuring dynamic interfacial tensions. The field of optofluidics utilizes both microfluidics and micro-optics. Thus, our sensor consists of a microfluidic network and an optical detection system. The sensor is able to measure both surface tension and liquid/liquid interfacial tension. In the case of surface tension measurement, the liquid sample is introduced into a main channel, while air is injected through a T-junction. In the case of liquid/liquid interfacial tension measurement, a second immiscible liquid such as oil is introduced into a main channel, while the sample liquid is injected through the T-junction. The formation frequency of the microbubbles or microdroplets is a function of the interfacial tension between the two phases. This frequency can be measured easily by optical detection. Measurements were carried out for aqueous solutions with different concentrations of the ionic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The actual interfacial tensions of these solutions were calibrated with a commercial tensiometer (FTA200, First Ten Angstrom). The measurement results show a clear relation between the interfacial tension and the formation frequency. Furthermore, our sensor can be used to identify the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a surfactant. The sensor potentially allows the use of a minute amount of sample compared to the relatively large amount required for existing commercial systems