活性污泥对Pb2+的生物吸附特征研究

研究了活性污泥对重金属离子Pb2+的吸附特征。结果表明,当Pb2+的初始质量浓度为60mg/L时,Pb2+在活性污泥上吸附30min后基本达到平衡,吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程来描述(R2=0.9994),平衡吸附量qe为50mg/g,准二级速率常数k2为0.0095g/(mg.min);吸附温度对吸附效果影响不大;pH值对吸附效果的影响很大,溶液pH值为3～4时吸附效果较好;活性污泥的投加量对吸附效果有很大的影响,在Pb2+的质量浓度一定的情况下随着污泥投加量的增加吸附效果反而减弱。     

花生壳对Pb2+的吸附特性研究

以花生壳为吸附物质,研究了吸附pH值,吸附时间对3种不同产地花生壳吸附水溶液中Pb2+的影响,同时进行解吸研究。研究结果表明:在25℃,Pb2+的质量浓度为30mg/L条件下得出最佳吸附pH值为4.5,吸附平衡时间为30min。花生壳对Pb2+的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,Freundlich模型能很好的拟合等温吸附试验数据。吸附后的花生壳在600℃灼烧灰化回收,Pb2+的回收率达到93%以上。     

纳米MnO2离子筛的锂吸附性能

通过控制水热合成反应条件制备了不同晶相的一维纳米MnO₂,进一步用浸渍法制备了Li-Mn-O三元氧化物前驱体,并经酸处理后得到对锂离子具有特殊选择性的离子筛。用XRD、TEM、吸附等温线及反应动力学等手段对产物的晶相结构和锂吸附性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,反应物浓度对MnO₂不同晶面的生长速率有不同的影响;从TEM图像中可以清楚地看到,水热合成法制备出了尺寸为φ5nm×400nm的一维MnO₂纳米线;在pH＝9.19时每克离子筛的单分子层锂离子饱和吸附量Q_m为2.43mmol·g^-1;吸附速率常数为2.17×10^-6 s^-1;吸附量随溶液pH值的增加而增加,当pH=12.5时,相应的吸附量为3.47mmol·g^-1。     

MnO2/MWNTs纳米材料的制备及对Cu（Ⅱ）吸附的研究

采用液相氧化还原法制二氧化锰/多壁碳纳米管(MnO2/MWNTs)复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察MnO2在MWNTs表面的负载情况,X射线衍射仪(XRD)显示MnO2是以无定形态排列在MWNTs表面。MnO2/MWNTs相比于MWNTs对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附能力提高了100%,MnO2最优负载量为30%,吸附过程的前10 min达到平衡吸附量的70%,80 min达到吸附平衡。温度升高有益于吸附。pH对吸附影响很大,吸附量随着pH的上升而增加,对Cu(Ⅱ)脱除率甚至达到了95.31%。     

大孔螯合树脂对Pb2+的吸附行为及机理

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了Pb2+在D418树脂上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学方面对吸附过程进行了分析,并通过红外光谱探讨了吸附机理. 结果表明,在所研究的条件范围内,Pb2+在D418树脂上的吸附是吸热过程,同时符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程;液膜扩散为Pb2+在D418树脂上吸附速率的主要控制步骤,随着溶液初始浓度的增大,吸附速率逐渐减小;313 K温度下树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为375 mg/g,在298 K下用3 mol/L的硝酸作为解吸剂,解吸率可达97%;最佳的解吸剂用量为5倍床层体积. 该树脂吸附操作简单,易再生,不产生二次污染,有望用于含铅废水的治理及铅的富集.     

粉煤灰漂珠表面碳纳米管的生长及铅离子吸附研究

采用化学气相沉积法在粉煤灰漂珠表面进行碳纳米管的催化生长,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征,探究其微观结构及表面性质;并将其用于铅离子吸附,考察溶液pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度对吸附铅离子的影响.结果 表明,粉煤灰漂珠表面覆盖一层碳纳米管,管径在30 ～ 50 nm范围内变化,且碳纳米管表面含有羧基、羟基及内脂基等含氧官能团;在25℃,pH值为7,吸附时间为180 min时,粉煤灰漂珠/碳纳米管对Pb2+的吸附效果最好,吸附容量为38.23 mg/g.粉煤灰漂珠表面生长碳纳米管对铅离子吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;等温吸附过程符合Freundlich方程.     

羧基化磁性Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其对水体中Pb2+的吸附研究

以采用共沉淀法制备的磁性Fe₃O₄为核,通过硅烷化及酰胺化反应,制备了羧基化磁性Fe₃O₄复合材料（Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH）,通过红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、磁强度计（VSM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）等对复合材料的结构进行了表征,并对不同作用条件下Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH吸附Pb²⁺的效果及Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH的重复使用效能进行了研究。结果表明,具有Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH结构的复合材料已被成功被制备,且该材料仍然能够实现快速磁性分离;Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH对Pb²⁺的静态吸附动力学数据更符合准二阶动力学,吸附时间为100 min、pH=4.5、Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH用量为1.0 g/L时,Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH对Pb²⁺的最大吸附容量为208.7 mg/g,且Langmuir方程更能描述该吸附等温过程;Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH对Pb²⁺的吸附是吸热过程;Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH对Pb²⁺的吸附量随时间延长先增加后趋于稳定,随pH值的增加先增加后减小;相比于一价阳离子,溶液中二价Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的存在对吸附反应具有一定抑制作用;Fe₃O₄?SiO₂?NH?COOH吸附Pb²⁺后可洗脱再生,连续重复使用6次后对Pb²⁺的去除率仍大于50 %。     

生物炭负载纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及对铅离子的吸附特性

以玉米秸秆为前体,在高温限氧条件下,将纳米羟基磷灰石（nano-HAP）负载于生物炭（BC）表面制备出了生物炭负载纳米羟基磷灰石（nHAP/BC）复合材料,并利用SEM、XRD和FTIR对其进行表征。批量吸附实验考察其对Pb²⁺的吸附特性,研究pH、投加量、吸附时间、初始浓度及吸附温度等因素对吸附的影响。通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学分析了吸附特性,通过解吸实验考察了解吸再生效应,并对吸附机制进行了探讨。结果表明：与BC相比,nHAP/BC复合材料具备更好的吸附效果,25℃时理论最大吸附量为383.75mg/g。nHAP/BC对Pb²⁺的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型,表明nHAP/BC对Pb²⁺的吸附为单分子层化学吸附。热力学参数ΔG < 0、ΔH > 0,表明吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。nHAP/BC对Pb²⁺的吸附机制主要包括nano-HAP的溶解-沉淀作用以及生物炭表面-OH和-COOH等含氧官能团的络合作用。nHAP/BC具有良好的循环利用能力,是一种潜在的Pb²⁺高效吸附材料。     

碳纳米管溶胶对水中微量Cd2+与Cu2+吸附的研究

采用强酸表面氧化法对碳纳米管进行处理,制备稳定具有高效吸附性能的碳纳米管溶胶,用于去除水中低质量浓度重金属Cd2+,Cu2+。研究表明,在实验的pH值为2.5—9.5,对Cd2+的去除,吸附起主要作用,优化的pH值为6.0;对Cu2+的去除,pH<6.7时,吸附起主要作用,在pH>6.7时,金属离子沉淀是主要的去除原因,在pH=9.5时,达到最大去除率。在相同碳纳米管溶胶投加质量浓度情况下,对Cd2+的吸附去除率远远大于对Cu2+的去除。碳纳米管溶胶对Cd2+,Cu2+的吸附等温线呈线性,对Cd2+的吸附性能优于对Cu2+的吸附性能。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hierarchical Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and its Potential Application as Adsorbent for Pb(II) with High Removal Capacity

In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles with hierarchical morphologies (CuO) have been synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The morphology and microstructure of the as prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and SAED. CuO exhibited excellent performance for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of initial Pb(II) concentration and contact time on CuO were investigated from batch tests. The results indicate that the equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted by the Langmuir isothermal model, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 1428.5 mgg^?1 which is found to be one of the highest values reported elsewhere in the literature; adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and intra-particle diffusion model. A possible adsorption mechanism was predicted by using FTIR, EDX techniques. Large adsorption capacity for heavy metal ion and effective regeneration ability suggesting CuO is a very promising adsorbent for metal ion removal and wastewater cleanup.     

Removal of Lead(II) from Aqueous Solutions using Pre-boiled and Formaldehyde-Treated Onion Skins as a New Adsorbent

The adsorption characteristics of Pb²⁺ on pre-boiled treated onion skins (PTOS) and formaldehyde-treated onion skins (FTOS) were evaluated. The effects of Pb²⁺ initial concentration, agitation rate, solution pH, and temperature on Pb²⁺ adsorption were investigated in batch systems. Pb²⁺ adsorption was found to increase with increase in initial concentration. The point of zero net charge (PZC) was 6.53. The optimum pH for the maximum removal of Pb²⁺ was 6.0. The adsorption equilibrium data was best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model for FTOS and the Freundlich isotherm model for PTOS. The maximum amounts of Pb²⁺ adsorbed (qm), as evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm, was 200 mgg^?1 for FTOS. The efficiencies of PTOS and FTOS for Pb²⁺ removal were 84,8.0% and 93.5% at 0.15 g/200 mL^?1 adsorbent dose, respectively. (C ₀ = 50 mg L^?1). Study concluded that onion skins, a waste material, have good potential as an adsorbent to remove toxic metals like Pb²⁺ from water. Boehm titration analysis was conducted to determine the surface groups. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of Pb²⁺ obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic model as based on Δq (%) values. FTIR and SEM images before and after adsorption was recorded to explore changes in adsorbent-surface morphology. Activation energy (Ea) was obtained as 25.596 kJ/mol.     

改性坡缕石黏土对水中木质素磺酸钠吸附研究

用盐酸和焙烧处理的方法对坡缕石黏土进行了改性,制备了酸处理坡缕石黏土和热处理坡缕石黏土,用XRD和TEM对不同方法处理的坡缕石黏土进行了结构和形貌表征,并使用黏土对木质素磺酸盐废水进行了吸附研究。结果表明,在盐酸浓度为1.0 mol/L,60～70℃,改性处理6 h条件下制得的吸附剂相对于原土及热处理的坡缕石黏土吸附效果最好,动力学研究表明吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,其平衡吸附量可达到343.99 mg/g。实验证明该吸附过程是一个放热过程。     

利用天然浓缩丹宁合成新型凝胶吸附剂通过表面沉淀去除水溶液中铅

Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature. In this paper, removal of lead from aqueous solutions is investigated using a novel gel adsorbent synthesized from natural condensed tannin. The novel adsorbent performs in aqueous solutions as a weak base with valid basic groups of 1.2mmol·g-1 tannin gel particles and therefore results in the elevation of pH value of aqueous solutions. Even when initial pH is 3.6, final pH at equilibrium can climb up to 6.5 that is above the pH value for Pb(OH)2 precipitation formation and then lead can be removed from wastewater by this so-called surface precipitation. The adsorption isotherm can be expressed by the Langmuir equation and the maximum capacity for adsorption of Pb is up to 92 mg·g-1 (based on dry adsorbent) when initial pH value is 3.6. Hence, the adsorbent does offer favorable properties in lead removal with respect to its high adsorption capacity at low initial pH value, which     

Vehicular Tire as Potential Adsorbent for the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

ABSTRACT

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants, entering into various water and wastewater systems through various natural and anthropogenic activities. The aim of the work is to convert vehicular tires, a highly available waste material, into potential adsorbent for the removal of PAHs from aqueous solutions. The BET surface area of the prepared vehicular tire activated carbon is 643.86 m²/g. Removal of PAHs using activated carbons and the effect of various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature, and pH on the adsorption have been evaluated. The data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and values of various constants were evaluated. In all the cases, Freundlich model was found to be better fitted. The equilibrium time for adsorption of PAHs was 120 min. The values of thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibb's free energy change ΔG°, enthalpy change ΔH°, and entropy change ΔS°, were calculated using adsorption equilibrium constants obtained from Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic data for adsorption of PAHs revealed spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The samples were analyzed using a UV–vis spectrophotometer for PAH determination. Mixture of sodium hydroxide and ethanol in different proportions was tried for desorption of PAHs and 50% ethanolic NaOH solution was most effective. The developed activated carbon demonstrates good adsorption and desorption capabilities for PAHs, indicating towards its suitability for use in the treatment processes of various industrial effluents or water streams containing PAHs.     

Adsorptive Removal of Lead from Battery Wastewater by Coconut Coir

The sorption behavior of lead ions on coconut coir has been investigated to decontaminate lead ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico-chemical parameters were optimized to simulate the best conditions in which this material can be used as an adsorbent. Maximum adsorption was observed at 0.0001 to 0.001 mol L^?1 of acid solutions (HNO₃, HCl and HClO₄) using 0.4 g of adsorbent for 4.83 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 lead concentration in ten minutes equilibration time. The adsorption of lead was decreased with the increase in the concentrations of all the acids used. The kinetic data indicated an intraparticle diffusion process with sorption being pseudo-second order. The determined rate constant k₂ was 8.8912 g mg^?1 min^?1. The adsorption data obeyed the Freundlich isotherm over the lead concentration range of 2.41 × 10^?4 to 1.45 × 10^?3 mol L^?1. The characteristic Freundlich constants i.e., 1/n = 0.44 ± 0.02 and K = 0.184 ± 0.0096 m mol g^?1 have been computed for the sorption system. The sorption mean free energy from the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm is 10.48 ± 0.72 kJ mol^?1 indicating the ion-exchange mechanism of chemisorption. The uptake of lead increases with the rise in temperature (293–333 K). Thermodynamic quantities i.e., ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH have also been calculated for the system. The sorption process was found to be endothermic. The proposed procedure was successfully applied for the removal of lead from battery wastewater samples.     

Layered Double Hydroxides Derived from MIL-88A(Fe) as an Efficient Adsorbent for Enhanced Removal of Lead (II) from Water

The efficient removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution remains a big problem and the development of novel nanomaterials as adsorbents by various technologies to solve this problem is promising. This study contributed a novel nanostructure of MIL-88A-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as the adsorbent for Pb²⁺, which was synthesized by a two-step solvothermal method with MIL-88A(Fe) as the precursor. The as-prepared material featured a chestnut-like core-shell structure, and exhibited excellent removal performance towards Pb²⁺ from water in comparison to MIL-88A(Fe) and LDHs (directly synthesized). The adsorption of Pb²⁺ by the MIL-88A-LDHs conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximal adsorption capacity was 526.32, 625.00, and 909.09 mg g⁻¹ at 278, 298, and 318 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption was an endothermic, entropy-increasing, and spontaneous reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the surface complexation was mostly responsible for Pb²⁺ elimination. The MIL-88A-LDHs can be readily regenerated and showed good cyclic performance towards Pb²⁺. Thus, the as-prepared MIL-88A-LDHs may hold promise for the elimination of aqueous heavy metals.     

锰氧化物制备及其对锰和氨氮的去除研究

为制备具有优艮吸附性能的材料,采用高锰酸钾氧化(分别在酸性条件和中性条件下进行)和空气自然氧化水中2价锰,制备了3种锰氧化物(ORIG-MnOx、Na2CO3-MnOx、O2-MnOx),对其结构进行了表征,并探究了对水中NH4+-N和Mn2+污染的去除特性及影响因素.结果表明,所制备的ORIG-MnOx与Na2CO3...     

碳纳米管吸附去除水溶液中锌离子的性能

研究了碳纳米管对水溶液中锌离子的吸附去除性能.结果表明:纯化的碳纳米管对锌离子的去除效果明显高于未纯化的碳纳米管,在25 mL、50 mg/L的锌离子溶液中当其用量为0.1 g时,纯化的碳纳米管锌离子的吸附去除率达94.8%;吸附60 min达到平衡;在中性和弱碱性溶液中的去除率大于酸性溶液.