基于食品药品供应链质量协同的社会共治实现机制

食品药品安全社会共治本质上是一项制度安排的体制变革。在社会共治中,如何解决好多主体参与的个体理性与集体理性之间的矛盾是一个难题。本文根据文献研究元分析方法,从供应链质量协同视角考察食品药品安全社会共治的实现机制,由此探讨食品药品供应链质量协同中的协同契约设计与全供应链信息披露机制,认为不同权力结构下多主体协同管理需求及其激励机制设计,是构建食品药品供应链质量协同契约设计的前提。同时,建设基于云计算环境的食品药品安全社会共治信息共享机制,是构建食品药品供应链质量协同的运作环境,这是推动食品药品供应链质量协同社会共治制度实现机制的两个关键举措。     

基于主从联盟链结构的农产品供应链追溯系统方案设计

针对目前农产品供应链追溯系统存在的数据存储容量低、管理中心化、可扩展性差、参与主体隐私信息得不到保证等问题,使用Hyperledger Fabric v2.0平台设计了基于主从联盟链结构的农产品供应链追溯系统。该系统基于已构建的主从联盟链模型存储供应链的信息,利用联盟链的多通道设计方案保证了供应链各参与主体隐私信息的安全性。通过在供应链的各参与主体中部署物联网设备进行信息的采集、处理和上传,保证了供应链存储的信息无人为窜改、安全可信。同时,基于《食品安全国家标准》设计了主从链间的智能合约,用于判断各参与主体上传信息的合理性,以实现从源头保证食品的安全质量。此外,设计了分簇集群传输方法以较低的能耗上传农场中物联网设备产生的大量数据。实验结果表明,该系统可以以较低的时延构建农产品供应链,并且可以在较短时间内返回消费者查询的信息。另外,使用分簇集群传输方法可以明显降低物联网设备传输数据产生的能耗。所设计的农产品供应链追溯系统最终实现了农产品供应链的公开透明,提高了供应链信息溯源效率,增加了消费者对食品安全的信任度。     

Transparency in complex dynamic food supply chains

Food supply chains are increasingly complex and dynamic due to (i) increasing product proliferation to serve ever diversifying and globalising markets as a form of mass customisation with resulting global flows of raw materials, ingredients and products, and (ii) the need to satisfy changing and variable consumer and governmental demands with respect to food safety, animal welfare, and environmental impact. Transparency in the food supply chain is essential to guarantee food quality and provenance to all users of food and food products. Intensified information exchange and integrated information systems involving all chain actors are needed to achieve transparency with respect to a multitude of food properties.In this paper, specific challenges of food supply chains are highlighted. Major elements are addressed that support transparency to consumers, the government and food companies, which are considered the claimants of transparency. Elements considered to be enablers of transparency are governance mechanisms, quality and safety standards and information exchange. The paper specifies these transparency claimants and enablers for food supply chains and identifies major information system functions and information technology applications needed to comply with transparency demands. It thereby provides a framework for transparency analysis in food supply chains.     

A collaborative food safety service agent architecture with alerts and trust

With the recent advances in Internet and mobile technologies, there are increasing demands for ubiquitous access to food safety information for service integration and gathering first hand information. However, due to disparate food trading information among different food suppliers throughout the food supply chain such as food importers, food wholesalers, food retailers, it is still difficult for citizens to use them effectively during their marketplace shopping. To overcome this problem, we propose a Collaborative Food Safety Agent System (CFSAS) based on a scalable, flexible, and intelligent Multi-Agent Information System (MAIS) architecture for proactive aids and trust-based decision support on food purchasing to citizens. We formulate our MAIS architecture for CFSAS further with agent clusters based on a case study of the Center for Food Safety (CFS) in Hong Kong. Agent clusters may comprise several types of agents to achieve the goals involved in the major processes of a food safety mechanism. We show how agents help citizens better plan, understand, and specify their preferences collaboratively with the CFSAS. We further illustrate how this can be implemented with Web service technologies to integrate disparate food information resources along the food supply chain.     

供应链信息协同及agent在其中的应用：研究综述*

对有关供应链信息协同及agent在其中的应用研究文献进行了回顾,目的是通过对现状的分析总结提出基于多agent的供应链信息协同的研究方向。首先指出信息共享和信息协同之间的联系和区别;然后从供应链信息协同（包括信息协同涉及的信息类型、信息协同对供应链绩效的影响和信息协同中的信息共享策略和共享模式等）及agent在其中的应用两方面对相关文献进行综述,并提出研究展望。     

物联网和服务架构的食品安全信息平台模型

针对食品供应链管理和质量安全的跟踪和追溯需求,利用物联网技术,参照EPC标准,提出了一种基于物联网和服务架构的食品安全信息平台模型,描述了RFID技术在Internet基础上实现食品的全程跟踪管理的E-R模型、网络架构、技术框架和功能模块,可通过Web Service和智能手机等多种方式查询追溯详细的电子信息.     

A knowledge based reliability engineering approach to manage product safety and recalls

PurposeManaging processed food products’ safety and recall is a challenge for industry and governments. Contaminated food items can create a significant public health hazard with potential for acute and chronic food borne illnesses. This industry study examines the challenges companies face while managing a processed food recall situation and devise a responsive and reliable knowledge management framework for product safety and recall supply chain for the focal global manufacturing and distribution enterprise.MethodDrawing upon the knowledge management and product safety and recall literature and reliability engineering theory, this study uses a holistic single case based approach to develop a knowledge management framework with Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) decision model. This knowledge management decision framework facilitates analysis of the root causes for each potential major recall issue and assesses the reliability of the product safety and recall supply chain system and its critical components.ResultsThe main reasons highlighted for a recall and associated failure modes in a knowledge management framework are to devise appropriate deployment of resources, technology and procedures to recall supply chain. This study underscores specific information described by managers of a global processed food manufacturer and their perspectives about the product safety and recall process, and its complexities. Full scale implementation of product safety and recall supply chain in the proposed knowledge management framework after the current pilot study will be carried out eventually through expert systems. This operational system when fully implemented will capture the essence of decision making environments comprising goals and objectives, courses of action, resources, constraints, technology and procedures.ImplicationsThe study recognizes the significance of communication, integration, failsafe knowledge management process design framework, leveraging technology such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) within all levels of supply chain for product traceability and the proactive steps to help companies successfully manage a recall process and also reestablish trust among the consumers. The proposed knowledge management framework can also preempt product recall by acting as an early warning system. A formal knowledge management framework will enable a company’s knowledge be cumulative for product safety and recall and serve as an important integrating and coordinating role for the organization.     

建筑供应链信息共享平台设计与应用

针对建筑供应链异构信息无法充分共享的问题,分析异构信息对信息共享平台的需求,设计基于本体集成的建筑供应链信息共享模型和共享过程模型,提出基于本体集成的建筑供应链信息共享平台,并且描述其中的关键功能模块。论述基于本体集成的信息共享平台如何支持建筑供应链的信息共享。结果证明,基于本体集成的建筑供应链信息共享平台能够更有效地检索信息、学习领域知识及支持决策。     

资金约束下的非对称信息供应链协调研究

供应链金融能够有效解决无核心资产的中小企业资金约束的问题。针对制造商、分销商和零售商组成的三级供应链,考虑了零售商自有资金的不同对融资利率变化的影响,研究了在完全信息下采用融资前后联合契约供应链的收益变化,实现供应链协调的参数和各成员收益的变化,将零售商销售成本信息不对称下的情况作为对比,分析零售商私有信息对供应链的影响,通过算例进行了数值分析。结果表明,在完全信息下零售商存在资金约束时,融资服务能够增加供应链各成员的期望收益,回购契约与收益共享契约组成的联合契约能够协调采用融资后的供应链,在非对称信息下,供应链的效率有所减少,而资金充足的零售商会因私有成本信息获得更多的收益,但是在资金约束时,私有信息却失去了价值。     

基于XML的供应链信息集成技术研究

供应链的协调运行建立在各个节点企业高效的信息集成基础之上。该文提出了一种基于XML的供应链信息集成体系结构和供应链主动信息集成的概念,描述了使用XML-Schema的供应链信息集成的关键技术,最后给出了一个供应链信息集成实例。     

The inhibitors of risk information sharing in the supply chain: A multiple case study in Turkey

One of the greatest threats faced by organizations is disruption in the supply chain arising from not sharing risk information among the supply chain partners. The aim of this study is to identify the inhibitors of risk information sharing in a supply chain by using practical‐side evidence. An exploratory multiple case design was utilized to investigate why supply chain partners in Turkey may be reluctant to share risk information among their members and provide solutions to overcome these barriers. The results of the study indicate that the inhibitors of risk information sharing fall into three categories: risk‐related, organization‐related, and management‐related. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate possible solutions for reluctance in risk information sharing among supply chain partners based on managers' experiences.     

Web-based Supply Chain Management

A key constituent of supply chain management strategies is information sharing. Software component technology facilitates information sharing by providing a means for integrating heterogeneous information systems into virtual information systems. Extranet technology facilitates information sharing between an enterprise and its business partners as well as its customers through the Internet. These two technologies enable new strategies that integrate information systems and improve supply chain networks. We discuss the application of these strategies to supply chain processes.     

基于Web的供应链信息系统构建策略

分析了Web技术对供应链信息系统的影响,提出了构建供应链信息系统所需的从信息交换协议到跨企业信息集成方式等一系列战略性措施。供应链企业间的信息交换的实事性和准确性,是保障供应链竞争性的重要条件。该文在供应链信息系统及信息集成方面,提出了值得借鉴的方案,并取得明显的实际应用效果。     

信息共享对供应链绩效的影响

信息共享对促进整个供应链的绩效极为关键。随着顾客需求个性化的增加,为了实现供应链上信息共享,制造商将有可能同时采用直接销售渠道和零售渠道,并且通过一定的协议价格回购零售商所有未能卖出的商品。论文从这个新视角出发,研究信息共享对供应链绩效的影响。     

灾后救援供应链信息沟通网络设计

灾后救援供应链逐渐成为一个新兴研究领域。灾害情况下如何进行及时有效的信息沟通,是灾后救援供应链各节点企业能否做出快速响应的关键所在。以图论及网络中的覆盖理论为基础,讨论灾后救援供应链网络节点企业之间覆盖的概念及特性,探讨其稳定信息沟通网络的存在性问题,基于信息沟通合作和非合作两种情况,寻求最小稳定灾后救援供应链信息沟通网络。以期对灾后救援供应链各节点企业间快速有效的信息沟通做出有益的探索。     

基于网格的供应链管理信息平台的构建

供应链的竞争已成为当前企业竞争的焦点,如何提高信息在供应链上各成员企业之间的传递速度已经成为提高供应链竞争力的关键因素.网格技术是近年来国际上兴起的一种重要的信息技术,它能在多个组织间实现资源和信息的共享.对网格技术在供应链中的应用进行了分析,提出了一种基于网格的供应链信息平台的模型.该模型实现供应链中各节点企业的信息共享和资源整合,从而提高供应链的效率.     

中国食品安全治理：食品质量链多主体多中心协同视角的分析

食品安全问题是一个典型的复杂系统问题,本文从多主体多中心食品安全质量链协同视角,分析中国食品安全的主要治理方向及其协同控制策略。第一,食品违规者或犯罪者类似于元胞自动机,主要依靠邻域的信息或行为来调整或改变自主行动,使食品安全发生概率具有高度不确定性、分散性和隐蔽性。因此,食品安全治理体制上既要发挥政府监管的“正面战场”作用,也要大力推动食品安全监管的多中心体制,形成食品安全治理的“敌后战场”,在基层社会组织中形成针锋相对的食品安全监管的元胞自动机。第二,食品安全治理不仅需要依靠建立可追溯信息系统等技术,或缔结更多的契约等制度安排,而且需要将信息可追溯等技术与正式和非正式制度进行混合治理来形成互补效应和同步效应,以此提高对食品安全违规者或犯罪者的发现概率和社会惩罚力度。     

水产品供应链安全信息共享框架研究

水产品的安全关系到广大消费者的健康。在分析水产品行业供应链管理的流程后,针对水产品供应链安全信息不对称的问题,提出了基于WEB服务的水产品供应链安全信息共享框架,以web服务的形式封装数据和应用,并对外发布,使供应链上的其他企业和消费者可以快速了解到水产品的安全信息,大大提高了供应链上各个企业异构平台之间信息的交互性,也保障了各方的合法权益。     

基于Web服务的行业供应链集成系统研究

介绍了供应链管理概念,在分析了汽车行业供应链管理的流程的基础上．针对汽车企业内部信息系统与外部联系不足造成效率低下的问题,应用JavaEE和Web服务描述了一个网络中介的汽车行业集成供应链的模型,实现供应链伙伴的信息和业务数据的共享和发布,加强供应链上各企业伙伴的沟通,并且供应链上的各项业务活动与顾客需求无缝对接,达到低成本优质服务和快速响应的目标。     

Optimal decisions for a two-echelon supply chain with capacity and demand information

Due to the applications of Internet of Things and big data in the Industry 4.0 context, more information in and out of a smart factory can be collected and shared between manufacturers and retailers. In this study, we consider two types of information that can be available in a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer in Industry 4.0: the capacity information for the later rush production and the demand information shared between the retailer and manufacturer. In the supply chain, the manufacturer provides two orders with maximum limits by using a capacitated normal production and two capacitated rush production modes. To study the effects of the information, we investigate the optimal decisions and profits for the supply chain with and without the capacity information and demand information sharing. In addition, we propose a coordination mechanism for the supply chain with both the capacity information and demand information sharing. The coordination mechanism does not only rely on cost parameters, but also on the capacity and demand information. The numerical examples show that the supply chain profit can be improved by as large as 16.76% in the coordinated system, compared with the original system without the capacity information and demand information sharing.