关键技术的突破促进塔里木气区的发现

塔里木气区包括塔北—库车气区和塔西南气区两大部份。塔北—库车气区已成为我国最大的天然气富集区之一 ,该气区北部存在着特大型气田 ,但地势陡峻 ,地质结构复杂 ,长期以来是勘探工作的禁区。经过近十年的系统攻关 ,关键技术获得重要进展 :一是山地地震勘探取得突破 ;二是综合地质研究取得新认识 ;三是复杂地质条件下的钻探取得成功。这些技术促使库车地区天然气勘探获得大进展 ,并发现了克拉 2号特大型气田 ,探明储量 2 5 0 6× 10 8m3,是“西气东输”的主力气田。目前 ,塔里木气区已探明天然气储量 46 88× 10 8m3 (16 5TCF) ,对“西气东输”项目的启动做出了重要贡献     

安全评价在煤矿安全管理中的应用

当前,面临着煤矿企业深化改革、新的生产力和生产关系的大调整,企业的安全管理如何适应新形势的要求,如何提高安全管理水平,是摆在我们面前的一项新课题。对此,我认为主要从提高认识,强化安全管理、认识规律,掌握安全生产主动权,其中安全评价也是安全管理中的一项重要手段。     

南海北部深水区油气勘探进展与未来展望

加大油气勘探开发力度,减少石油和天然气对外依存度,保障国家能源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题。“十一五”以来,中国海洋石油集团有限公司在南海北部深水领域持续加强基础研究,加快技术创新和加大勘探投入,相继获得一批重大油气勘探发现。本文阐述了五项重大勘探地质理论认识和两项勘探技术创新成果,探讨了深水油气勘探将要面临的挑战和应对策略,展望了南海北部深水区中深层、潜山及岩性圈闭三大领域的勘探前景。研究指出,南海北部陆缘深水区的拆离作用控制了珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地大型凹陷的形成,发育了湖相、海陆过渡相和海相三套规模烃源岩;高-变地温控制凹陷烃源岩快速生烃,建立了琼东南盆地深水区大型轴向峡谷水道油气成藏模式、白云凹陷深水区深水扇天然气晚期成藏模式和深水区“断-脊”联控油气差异聚集成藏模式。同时自主创新研发了立体震源激发和“犁形”缆接收的宽频采集处理技术。在多项地质理论认识和创新技术的指导下,发现以“深海一号”（陵水17-2）等为代表的一批大中型气田,对于保障粤港澳大湾区能源供应、促进海南自贸区（港）能源绿色发展、推动我国油气增储上产具有重要意义。     

抓好思想政治工作 推进城镇化建设

“城镇面貌三年大变样”是省委贯彻落实十七大精神、结合河北实际做出的一项重要决策，是实现又好又快发展的重要战略部署。这一宏伟工程不是哪一个部门的事，而是一场地地道道的“人民战争”。只有深刻认识推进“三年大变样”工作的重大意义，抓好思想政治工作，才能切实做到认识到位、工作到位，才能打赢这场“人民战争”。     

浅谈新劳动法实施背景下的现代安全生产管理

新劳动法的即将实施,企业面临着用工管理深化变革、新的生产力和生产关系的大调整,企业的安全管理决定于操作人员、设备等6项基本因素,企业安全生产的工作方法应遵循安全观教育、安全战略思想等原则要求.     

风险管理在企业的实践

风险是面向未来的,是不确定性对组织实现未来目标的影响。风险管理需要一些基本的认知,比如事物是发展变化的,在发展变化过程中受内因和外因的影响,在内因和外因中又分主次矛盾等等。风险因其存在的普遍性而蕴含于企业的各项活动和各个岗位,它小到关乎项目的成败,大到关乎整个企业的兴亡。本文通过国内外著名企业在风险管理方面的实施情况,来揭示风险管理的"最佳实践",以及风险管理对企业经营的意义和价值。     

大庆油田勘探技术现状及发展方向

针对大庆油田松辽盆地北部石油、松辽盆地北部深层天然气、复杂断陷盆地——海拉尔、依—舒地堑等外围油气的复杂目标勘探难题,开展了地震采集、处理、解释,测井及钻井等配套技术攻关,形成了岩性油藏高分辨率三维地震勘探技术、深层火山岩三维地震勘探技术、复杂断陷盆地三维地震勘探技术系列,低渗透储层、火山岩储层和复杂断陷储层评价及改造技术系列以及深层火山岩钻井技术,为松辽盆地北部岩性油藏的储量增长、深层火山岩天然气大型气藏发现和复杂断陷盆地勘探突破提供了技术支撑。     

企业内部管理要市场化

一、企业如何进入市场 在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中,企业如何进入市场?有人认为主要靠外部的条件来推动。我认为要运用唯物辨证法来看这个问题。就是说“外因是事物变化的条件,内因才是事物变化的根据”。外因是通过内因而起作用的。因此,要理解和掌握事物发展的过程,必须把握事物的内因,又不可忽视其外因。这样一来,这个问题就好解决了,重要的还是靠企业内部的能力,当前应要求企业内部的管理模式尽快实现市场化。     

扁平化时代风格的族群演进:2013——2020 年

目的探索扁平化时代下中国移动端界面的风格旅群演进情况，描绘了2013- 2020年间主流界面风格的发展全 貌及其演进机制。方法从扇平化风格三源头的关系辨析出发梳理了扇平化时代到来后20余种主流设计风格的成因、特征、分类、流变和相互关系,并沿着3条演进脉絡展开论证:第一，“伪扇平”时代经历了“选择适应期"“视效丰富期"和“质料表达期”3个阶段，其新生风格主要源于突破“扇平面本体”的设计规则限定;第二,基于扁平化风格要素,衍生出“复古初期特征”及“表达技法仿拟”2个风格组团;第三,新复古主义风格则平行架空于磨平化之上，与肩平化呈现出此消彼长的态势。上述风格发展遵循扁平化与报物化矛盾统一的底层逻辑,并呈现出“物竞天择”“适者生存”的进化论特征。结论风格演进的内因受社会观念与申美异化驱动,外因则与传播媒介发展有关。未来基于碎片化“风格模因”的合成风格流行将是一大趋势,公众将成为新风格的创造主体。     

三元复合驱的特点与技术研究

经济的快速发展需要更多的原油供应,我国是一个石油资源较为缺乏的国家,除了需要积极做好新的石油资源的勘探与开采,还要做好开采技术的不断创新以更好地提高原油的采收率。在众多的石油开采技术中三元复合驱是一种比聚合物驱技术更加复杂、高效、高采收率的技术。三元复合驱在我国石油资源的开采中有着巨大的应用前景。不仅仅是在东北部的大庆油田,在全国各地的油田开采中都能够取得较为良好的应用。在以往的应用中三元复合驱由于受到技术难关的影响使得其无法进入大规模的工业应用。随着对三元复合驱长期持续不懈的研究,已经在大庆油田突破了大庆油田原有的低酸值原油无法形成超低界面张力的技术界限,研究出了新的配方,实现了三元复合驱的工业化应用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...