渗透蒸发传质理论与模型(Ⅰ) 穿膜传质模型

首先介绍了渗透蒸发传质的分类和概况,然后系统评述了渗透蒸发穿膜传质过程的常用模型如经验模型、溶解扩散模型(包括基于溶解扩散模型的Meyer-Blumenroth半经验模型、Qi模型等)、孔流模型、虚拟相变溶解扩散模型、不可逆热力学模型、Maxwell-Stefan模型、分子模拟等.     

渗透蒸发传质理论与模型（I）穿膜传质模型

首先介绍了渗透蒸发传质的分类和概况，然后系统评述了渗透蒸发穿膜传质过程的常用模型如经验模型、溶解扩散模型(包括基于溶解扩散模型的Meyer—Blumenroth半经验模型、Qi模型等)、孔流模型、虚拟相变溶解扩散模型、不可逆热力学模型、Maxwell—Stefan模型、分子模拟等．     

电场作用下AZ31B/Cu扩散界面的结构及性能

采用电场激活扩散连接技术(FADB)实现了AZ31B/Cu的扩散连接.利用SEM、EDS和TEM分析了扩散溶解层的显微组织、相组成和界面元素分布.采用万能试验机对连接界面的抗剪切性能进行了测试.结果表明:AZ31B与Cu通过固相扩散形成了良好的冶金结合界面,扩散温度低于475℃时扩散溶解层由MgCu2、Mg2Cu和MgCuAl组成,此时接头的薄弱环节为Mg2Cu.扩散温度为500℃时扩散溶解层由Mg2Cu、(α-Mg+ Mg2Cu)共晶组织和MgCuAl组成,共晶组织的形成导致接头的抗剪强度进一步降低,并成为新的薄弱环节.当扩散温度为450℃,保温时间为30min时,界面的抗剪强度随保温时间的延长先增大后减小,最大可达40.23MPa.     

铜热浸镀铝扩散层生长动力学模型

采用一浴法对铜进行了热浸镀铝试验,热浸镀时间为10~25s,热浸镀温度为963~1 013K。研究了热浸镀温度和时间对铜铝复合材料界面扩散层厚度的影响,采用XPL-15型偏光显微镜(PM)测量铜铝复合材料扩散层厚度,并依据热浸镀铝试验建立了铜铝复合材料界面扩散层生长动力学模型。结果表明,铜铝复合材料界面扩散层的生长动力学符合抛物线扩散规律,与热浸镀温度的指数成正比,与热浸镀时间成抛物线增长关系;铜热浸镀铝扩散层生长动力学模型的修正系数k与时间t存在线性关系。     

渗透蒸发传质理论与模型(Ⅲ)扩散模型

系统介绍了描述组分在渗透蒸发膜中的扩散行为的模型，如浓度依赖型扩散系数的经验模型、自由体积理论、双吸附模型、分子模拟等，包括模型形式、适用范围、应用实例等．     

金属板材轧制-扩散复合机理研究进展

金属板材轧制-扩散复合集合了轧制和扩散连接的特点,对有塑性变形条件下中间层瞬间液相扩散连接过程进行研究,是研究轧制-扩散复合界面结合机理的关键.本文介绍了国内外对瞬间液相扩散连接机理实验、数学模型和数值模拟研究的进展和现状,讨论了存在的一些问题,并提出了解决方法.     

纳米尺度下体系自由能对扩散模型的影响

讨论了纳米尺度下体系自由能的改变对扩散模型的影响.随着体系尺度的逐渐减小,扩散模型由Fick扩散定律转变为Cahn-Hilliard扩散方程和非均匀体系非线性动力学扩散模型,原子的扩散系数也随体系自由能的变化呈现出与局部原子浓度紧密相关的趋势.纳米尺度下体系自由能的变化是导致扩散模型改变的根本原因,体系非均匀性对自由能的贡献越大导致需采用非均匀体系非线性动力学扩散模型描述扩散.     

基于扩散-对流模型的海底混凝土隧道耐久寿命预测

考虑海底隧道承受侵蚀性高压力海水的服役环境特点以及高性能混凝土的非饱和特性,建立了海底混凝土隧道氯离子扩散-对流传输模型和耐久寿命预测模型。以舟山沈家门海底隧道为工程背景,通过室内实验确定计算参数,采用TOUGH2软件数值模拟了环境中氯离子侵入隧道的传输过程,得到了氯离子经时传输规律,以及水头、混凝土初始饱和度、环境氯离子质量分数的作用规律,比较了扩散、饱和扩散-对流、非饱和扩散-对流预测模型的计算差异。结果表明：海底隧道腋角位置的氯离子质量分数累积最高;水头和环境氯离子质量分数与氯离子质量分数增长呈正相关,混凝土初始饱和度与氯离子质量分数增长呈负相关;按照扩散模型预测得到的隧道耐久寿命最长,按照非饱和扩散-对流模型预测得到的耐久寿命最短。     

竞争-竞争-互惠交错扩散模型的整体解

竞争-竞争-互惠交错扩散模型是一类强耦合的抛物型方程组,关于该模型时变解的整体存在性的研究结果很少,特别是在高维空间中。本文应用能量估计方法,极值原理和抛物型方程的正则性理论证明了:对竞争种群含弱交错扩散项的竞争-竞争-互惠交错扩散模型,它在任意维空间中存在古典的整体解。     

木材内部水分扩散机理及多尺度模型研究概述

木材在纤维饱和点(FSP)以下干燥时,内部水分主要是以扩散的形式迁移;水分扩散的主要动力是含水率梯度和温度梯度。不同尺度扩散模型的建立可以更好地描述干燥过程中水分的动态迁移。从水分扩散形式、扩散机理和不同尺度的扩散模型3个方面总结了木材干燥过程中水分扩散的研究进展,提出模型研究中存在的问题及相应措施,为扩散模型的建立和有效应用提供参考。     

真空下非金属材料放气模型与研究综述

总结了放气研究在工业领域的各种应用．分析了真空环境下非金属材料放气的三种模型：Schram模型、扩散模型和基于马列夫理论吸附扩散模型。对国内外非金属材料放气的研究状况进行了论述。     

A Higher Order Synergistic Damage Model for Prediction of Stiffness Changes due to Ply Cracking in Composite Laminates

A non-linear damage model is developed for the prediction of stiffness degradation in composite laminates due to transverse matrix cracking. The model follows the framework of a recently developed synergistic damage mechanics (SDM) approach which combines the strengths of micro-damage mechanics and continuum damage mechanics (CDM) through the so-called constraint parameters. A common limitation of the current CDM and SDM models has been the tendency to over-predict stiffness changes at high crack densities due to linearity inherent in their stiffness-damage relationships. The present paper extends this SDM approach by including higher order damage terms in the characterization of ply cracking damage inside the material. Following the SDM procedure, predictions are aided by suitable micromechanical computations of crack opening displacements. A nonlinear SDM model is developed and applied for multiple classes of composite laminate layups. Stiffness predictions for damaged laminates using the developed model are compared with the experimental data for cross-ply ([0m/90n]s), angle-ply ([±θm/90n]s), off-axis ([0/±θ4/01/2]s) and quasi-isotropic ([0/90/±45]s) laminates. A comparison with current linear damage models showcases the usefulness of the proposed nonlinear SDM approach.     

Porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffold containing drug-loaded ADM–PLGA microspheres for bone cancer treatment

To develop adriamycin (ADM)-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles in a porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffold (ADM–PLGA–NHAC). To provide novel strategies for future treatment of osteosarcoma, the properties of the scaffold, including its in vitro extended-release properties, the inhibition effects of ADM–PLGA–NHAC on the osteosarcoma MG63 cells, and its bone repair capacity, were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The PLGA copolymer was utilized as a drug carrier to deliver ADM–PLGA nanoparticles (ADM–PLGA–NP). Porous nano-hydroxyapatite and collagen were used to materials to produce the porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffold (NHAC), into which the ADM–PLGA–NP was loaded. The performance of the drug-carrying scaffold was assessed using multiple techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and in vitro extended release. The antineoplastic activities of scaffold extracts on the human osteosarcoma MG63 cell line were evaluated in vitro using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) method and live-dead cell staining. The bone repair ability of the scaffold was assessed based on the establishment of a femoral condyle defect model in rabbits. ADM–PLGA–NHAC and NHAC were implanted into the rat muscle bag for immune response experiments. A tumor-bearing nude mice model was created, and the TUNEL and HE staining results were observed under optical microscopy to evaluate the antineoplastic activity and toxic side effects of the scaffold. The composite scaffold demonstrated extraordinary extended-release properties, and its extracts also exhibited significant inhibition of the growth of osteosarcoma MG63 cells. In the bone repair experiment, no significant difference was observed between ADM–PLGA–NHAC and NHAC by itself. In the immune response experiments, ADM–PLGA–NHAC exhibited remarkable biocompatibility. The in vivo antitumor experiment revealed that the implantation of ADM–PLGA–NHAC in the tumor resulted in a improved antineoplastic effect and fewer adverse side effects than direct intraperitoneal injection of ADM. The ADM–PLGA–NHAC developed in this study exhibited excellent extended-release drug properties, bone repairing and antineoplastic efficacy, which make it a promising osteoconductivity material with the capability to inhibit osteosarcoma.     

分子筛-聚合物共混气体分离膜研究进展

叙述了分子筛-聚合物共混制备气体分离膜的研究进展,包括不同类型的基体聚合物（橡胶态与玻璃态）与分子筛共混对分离膜渗透性能的影响、如何增强分子筛与聚合物膜材料相容性、共混膜选择分离皮层薄化等方面内容;并介绍了分子筛一聚合物共混膜气体渗透机理的理论研究,包括促进吸附扩散机理及分子筛分的Maxwell模型、Effective Medium Theory模型机理等．     

山梨醇磷酸酯蜜胺盐的合成

采用非溶剂法经过二步反应合成了膨胀型阻燃剂山梨醇二磷酸酯蜜胺盐(SDM).首先三氯氧磷和山梨醇反应得到山梨醇磷酸酯二磷酰氯(SDD),然后SDD再与蜜胺反应,得到SDM并将其微胶囊化,研究了反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响以及微胶囊化SDM的阻燃性能.认为SDD最适宜的合成条件为:nSOR:npoc=1:3,在100℃下反应40 min,SDD的收率为74%;SDM最佳合成条件为:nsdD:nMEL=1:2,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为2 h,SDM收率约为8l%.     

Extension of the anaerobic digestion model No. 1 (ADM1) to include phenolic compounds biodegradation processes for the simulation of anaerobic co-digestion of olive mill wastes at thermophilic temperature

This paper describes for the first time the extension of the anaerobic digestion model No. 1 (ADM1) to handle and simulate the anaerobic degradation processes of phenol compounds and homologues in olive mill wastewater (OMW) and olive mill solid waste (OMSW) at thermophilic temperature (55 degrees C). The general structure of the ADM1 was not changed except for the modifications related to the inclusion of phenolic compounds degradation processes into acetate and further into methane and CO(2). The effect of soluble phenolic compounds upon pH was taken into account in the pH simulation equations. The inhibitory effect of phenolic compounds on the fermenting process and methanogenic sub-populations was accounted for by the use of non-competitive inhibition functions. The most sensitive and new phenolic parameters were calibrated and validated using experimental data from our previous study dealing with the thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of OMW with OMSW in semi-continuous tubular digesters. The simulation results indicated that the extended ADM1 was able to predict with reasonable accuracy effluent phenol concentrations and gas flow rates and effluent pH of various influent concentrations digested at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 36 and 24 days.     

The use of acellular dermal matrix in immediate two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction provides protection from postmastectomy radiation therapy: a clinicopathologic perspective

Although there is ample evidence showing that radiation therapy increases the risk of complications of breast reconstruction, the efficacy of human acellular dermal matrix (CGCryoDerm®) in immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction in the setting of postmastectomy radiation therapy has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report our institutional experience with pertinent refined surgical technique, and determine whether acellular dermal matrices have a protective effect in this increasingly prevalent clinical setting. Twenty-six patients who underwent immediate two-stage breast reconstruction in the setting of postmastectomy radiation therapy with at least 2 years of follow-up were retrieved. Fifteen patents were reconstructed with ADM, whereas 11 patients were reconstructed without ADM. The occurrence of complications was assessed according to the reconstruction type (with ADM vs without ADM). Furthermore, in patients reconstructed with ADM (n?=?15), immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the breast capsule with ADM compared with that without ADM in the same patient, according to the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The occurrence of complications was significantly associated with the reconstruction type (with ADM vs. without ADM, p = 0.015). On the basis of the results of α-SMA staining, α-SMA+ myofibroblasts were relatively highly expressed throughout the breast capsule without ADM. On the contrary, α-SMA+ myofibroblasts present at the breast capsule adjacent to the ADM were scarce and irregularly scattered. Use of an acellular dermal matrix may be recommended to patients who are concerned about complications after immediate two-stage breast reconstruction in the setting of postmastectomy radiation therapy.     

渗透物小分子在致密高聚物膜内传递行为的研究(Ⅰ)扩散行为的分类和描述

综述了渗透物小分子在致密高聚物膜内传递的溶解扩散模型及其不足 ,用自由体积理论和逾渗理论分析了渗透物小分子在致密高聚物膜内的扩散行为 ,提出了扩散分区图 ,并分析了渗透物分子大小、温度和致密高聚物膜性质对扩散的影响 .     

Development and characterization of stabilized double loaded mPEG-PDLLA micelles for simultaneous delivery of paclitaxel and docetaxel

Objective: Double loaded micelles (DLM) in which paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) were co-solubilized with monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide) (mPEG-PLA) copolymer were prepared and evaluated in an aim to investigate the effect of a combination of PTX and DTX on the stability of mPEG-PLA micelles compared to single drug-loaded micelles (SDM), especially that recent clinical anticancer formulations are limited by the existence of toxic excipients and stability issues.

Materials and methods: The SDM and DLM of PTX and DTX were prepared by a solvent evaporation method. Micellar size, size distribution, drug loading content and drug release were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the stabilization mechanism.

Results: The drug loading efficiency of both PTX and DTX in DLM and SDM were 25% and 10%, respectively. ¹H NMR showed a successful encapsulation of both drugs in the polymeric micelle. DLM showed better physical stability at drug concentrations higher than 1?mg/mL compared to SDM. Moreover, DLM, SDM-PTX and SDM-DTX were stable for 24, 9 and 1?h, respectively. The stabilization mechanism of DLM was investigated, a network structure of DLM was observed in TEM graphs. Furthermore, DLM showed complete and faster drug release compared to SDM. mPEG-PLA double loaded micelles can deliver two poorly water soluble anticancer drugs at clinically relevant doses. The obtained results offer a promising alternative for double drug therapy without any formulation associated undesirable effects and encourage further in vivo development and optimization of the DLM as a drug delivery system for anticancer drugs.