衰落扩散信道反馈均衡

本文研究通过缓慢衰落扩散信道的数据传输。提出了一种对接收信号和已判决数据进行线性处理的接收机,假设不存在判决错误,这种接收机在最小均方误差率情况下是最佳的。确定了传输函数,并指出它优于无反馈接收机。利用自适应技术能在缓慢变化的未知环境中实现反馈接收机,这种技术既不需要试验信号,也不需要统计估计,接收机消除定时抖动和多卜勒频移。此外,由于存在扩散时衰落统计的接收机平均错误概率比没有扩散时要小,所以接收机要提供时间分集效果。     

迭代硬判决反馈的LDPC级联MDPSK解调译码算法

该文给出了瑞利衰落信道条件下LDPC级联MDPSK的接收机结构,研究了在不考虑信道状态条件下基于硬判决反馈的迭代检测译码算法,该算法相对于传统的差分解调和译码,复杂度几乎没有增加。仿真结果表明,这种方法在迭代4次的情况下,在误比特率为10-4时与传统的解调方法相比,可以提供2.2dB的增益。     

混合衰落信道下存在反馈时延的多天线中继性能分析

研究了混合Rayleigh-Rician衰落信道下,存在反馈时延的多天线双跳放大转发(AF)中继系统的性能.首先,基于反馈时延波束成形(BF)模型得到混合衰落信道下中继系统的输出等效信噪比(SNR).然后,利用无穷级数展开推导出输出信噪比中断概率(OP)和概率密度函数(PDF)的解析表达式,并进一步得到中继系统遍历容量和平均误符号率(ASER)的理论计算公式.最后,计算机仿真验证了所提出的性能分析方法的正确性,并定量分析了天线数量、反馈时延和信道参数对系统性能的影响.     

混合衰落信道下存在反馈时延的多天线中继性能分析

研究了混合Rayleigh-Rician衰落信道下,存在反馈时延的多天线双跳放大转发（AF）中继系统的性能.首先,基于反馈时延波束成形（BF）模型得到混合衰落信道下中继系统的输出等效信噪比（SNR）.然后,利用无穷级数展开推导出输出信噪比中断概率（OP）和概率密度函数（PDF）的解析表达式,并进一步得到中继系统遍历容量和平均误符号率（ASER）的理论计算公式.最后,计算机仿真验证了所提出的性能分析方法的正确性,并定量分析了天线数量、反馈时延和信道参数对系统性能的影响.     

延时反馈闭环发射分集的上限性能分析

本文分析了仅反馈信道统计参数时闭环发射分集系统的误比特率性能,然后计算不同多普勒频移和反馈时延时,反馈信道状态信息时系统的误比特率性能,并根据信道参数预测的性能上界,指出在快衰落信道下,信道参数预测是一个值得研究的方向.     

基于MIMO-DFE的BLAST接收机的差错传递控制的研究

近期对于BLAST(Bell Laboratories Layered space-time)的研究从平坦衰落信道转向频率选择性衰落信道,基于MIMO-DFE(Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Decision Feedback Equalizer)的接收机结构因此受到了广泛的关注.然而由于这类接收机本身的反馈结构,性能可能会由于差错传递而大大下降.本文将传统判决反馈均衡器的差错传递控制方法推广到多入多出(MIMO)系统中,仿真结果表明,本文提出的带差错传递控制的接收机能够有效控制差错传递.     

相关时变衰落信道中DSTM非相干接收机的结构与性能

针对空间相关时变衰落信道中的差分空时调制系统,推导得出了一种新的基于信道相关矩阵和时变衰落参数的最优非相干接收机结构,并针对几种特殊信道条件对该接收机进行了简化.实际应用该最优接收机时,基于判决反馈得到的数据,提出了一种次优的非相干接收机结构DF-NCR.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在相关时变衰落信道条件下,采用DF-NCR的差分空时调制系统的误码性能优于传统的差分传输模式.     

平坦瑞利衰落信道下MDPSK判决反馈差分检测

本文主要介绍了在平坦瑞利衰落信道下,MDPSK的判决反馈差分检测DF—DD（decision—feedback differential detection）。通过对多符号距离量度的计算,得出了DF—DD的距离量度,通过分析得出,DF—DD算法等效于是接收端采用了反馈FIR滤波器。最后通过仿真得出．在理想带宽受限的衰落条件下,传统差分解调中存在的误差平底是可以消除的,并仿真了在两种不同的量度系数的条件下,系统的性能变化趋势。     

频率复用DS/CDMA系统中自适应盲多用户检测的一种方法

该文给出一种工作于强窄带干扰(NBI)多径衰落信道中DS/CDMA系统盲多用户检测接收机模型。它具有RAKE接收机的基本结构,在每一条并行支路中利用MMSE准则跟踪各路径信号。因此具有抗多径衰落,同时抑制NBI和多址接入干扰(MAI)的能力。模拟结果证明,它的性能优于未考虑NBI抑制的多用户检测接收机。     

用于有限反馈MIMO系统中的统计多模发射天线选择算法

利用多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中的发射端天线选择算法,可以在降低复杂度的同时,有效地提高系统性能。考虑到基于线性接收机的空间复用系统,在通过已选择的发射天线上采用等功率分配等增益传输可以减少反馈信息量。因此,文章提出了空间相关衰落信道下可提升系统容量的统计多模发射天线选择方法。     

Free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels

In free-space optical communication links, atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the received light signal, impairing link performance. We describe several communication techniques to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations, i.e., signal fading. These techniques are applicable in the regime in which the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length of fading and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time of fading. We assume that the receiver has no knowledge of the instantaneous fading state. When the receiver knows only the marginal statistics of the fading, a symbol-by-symbol ML detector can be used to improve detection performance. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, yielding a further performance improvement, but at the cost of very high complexity. Spatial diversity reception with multiple receivers can also be used to overcome turbulence-induced fading. We describe the use of ML detection in spatial diversity reception to reduce the diversity gain penalty caused by correlation between the fading at different receivers.     

Noncoherent receivers for differential space-time modulation

In this paper, noncoherent receivers for differential space-time modulation (DSTM) are investigated. It is shown that the performance of the previously proposed conventional differential detection (DD) receiver is satisfactory only for very slow flat fading channels. However, conventional DD suffers from a considerable loss in performance even for moderately fast fading, especially if more than one transmit antenna is used. In order to overcome this problem, two improved noncoherent receivers are considered. The first one is the multiple-symbol detection (MSD) receiver. Because of the high computational complexity of MSD, also a low-complexity decision-feedback differential detection (DF-DD) receiver is derived. Analytical and simulation results confirm that both receivers perform equally well and can take full advantage of the enhanced diversity provided by multiple transmit antennas even for fast fading     

Performance of multicarrier CDMA with DPSK modulation anddifferential detection in fading multipath channels

Multicarrier (MC) direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) with differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation and differential detection is proposed. Transmitted data bits are differentially encoded after serial-to-parallel conversion to a number of parallel streams. On each branch, encoded bits are direct sequence spread spectrum (SS) modulated and transmitted using different carriers. The system is analyzed with a differential detector in static Rayleigh fading multipath channel, in fast Rayleigh fading multipath channel and for variable overlapping between carrier spectra in static fading channel. Closed-form expressions are derived for the error probability and evaluated for many cases. The performance is compared to that of a system using phase-shift keying (PSK) with conventional matched filter (CMF) coherent receiver. For static fading channel, the error probability performance of the differential detector is close to that of CMF receiver. For fast fading, the performance degrades slightly with increasing fading rate. Finally; successive carriers of the system are allowed to overlap with various overlapping percentages. The condition of a single path can be achieved by increasing both the number of carriers and the separation between successive carriers. Also, for each number of carriers, there exists an optimum overlapping percentage at which the system performance is optimized. The performance of the proposed DPSK with differential detection system is close to that of PSK with CMF receiver, but the former is simpler to implement     

Letter: An Improved Decision-Feedback Receiver for CDMA IS-95 Reverse Link

In this paper, an improved decision feedback receiver is presented for the CDMA IS-95 reverse link. Two techniques are proposed to improve the receiver performance: (1) noncoherent block detection that uses multiple Walsh codes for joint detection, and (2) iterative decision feedback detection. Comparing with conventional "decision feedback receiver," a significant performance improvement is observed via the computer simulations for both AWGN and Rayleigh flat fading channels.     

Diversity Analysis of Peaky FSK Signaling in Fading Channels

Error performance of noncoherent detection of on-off frequency shift keying (OOFSK) modulation over fading channels is analyzed when the receiver is equipped with multiple antennas. The analysis is conducted for two cases: 1) the case in which the receiver has the channel distribution knowledge only; and 2) the case in which the receiver perfectly knows the fading magnitudes. For both cases, the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detection rule is derived and analytical probability of error expressions are obtained. Numerical and simulation results indicate that for sufficiently low duty cycle values, lower error probabilities with respect to FSK signaling are achieved. Equivalently, when compared to FSK modulation, OOFSK with low duty cycle requires less energy to achieve the same probability of error, which renders this modulation a more energy efficient transmission technique. Also, through numerical results, the impact of number of antennas, antenna correlation, duty cycle values, and unknown channel fading on the performance are investigated.     

Markov chain model in maximum-likelihood sequence detection for free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels

In free-space optical communication links using intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), atmospheric turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations can significantly impair link performance. Communication techniques can be applied to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations (i.e., signal fading) in the regime in which the receiver aperture D/sub 0/ is smaller than the fading correlation length d/sub 0/ and the observation interval T/sub 0/ is smaller than the fading correlation time /spl tau//sub 0/. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, but at the cost of high computational complexity. We introduce a single-step Markov chain (SMC) model for the fading correlation and use it to derive two low-complexity, suboptimal MLSD algorithms based on per-survivor processing (PSP). Simulations are presented to verify the SMC model and the performance improvement achieved using these suboptimal per-survivor processing (PSP) algorithms.     

Data-aided linear prediction receiver for coherent DPSK and CPMtransmitted over Rayleigh flat-fading channels

In this paper, a new data-aided linear prediction receiver for coherent differentially encoded phase-shift keying (DPSK) and coherent continuous phase modulation (CPM) over Rayleigh flat-fading channels is presented, This receiver uses the previously detected symbols to estimate the carrier-phase reference and predict the channel gain continuously and therefore makes the optimal coherent detection of DPSK and CPM. The receiver has a simple structure and can be implemented easily. This is due partly to the fact that the linear predictors used for channel estimation do not depend on the autocorrelation function of the fading process. Simulation results on the bit error performance of QDPSK and minimum-shift keying (MSK) with the new receiver are given for both the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and the Rayleigh flat-fading channels. The results show that the proposed receiver provides almost the same bit error rate (BER) performance as the ideal coherent receiver in an AWGN channel, is very robust against large carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver, and can provide a reasonably good BER performance in a fast Rayleigh fading channel. Finally, a multisample receiver is discussed and its error rate performance is evaluated by means of computer simulations. The results show that the multisample receiver provides good BER performance for higher fading rate     

Selection diversity for wireless communications in Nakagami-fadingwith arbitrary parameters

By means of analytical and numerical methods, the probability of error and the outage probability of a selection diversity RAKE receiver system employing direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) is derived. A noise-limited propagation environment is modeled as a Nakagami (1960)-fading channel with arbitrary fading parameters and unequal mean power at the receiver. New analytical expressions are derived for the average probability of error and outage probability. Binary detection schemes are considered including binary phase-shift keying (PSK) and frequency-shift keying (FSK). Both coherent and noncoherent detection is considered as well as identical and arbitrary fading. It is shown that the effect of arbitrary fading on system performance is significant and may not be ignored     

Optimum diversity detection over fading dispersive channels withnon-Gaussian noise

We consider the problem of M-ary signal detection over a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) channel affected by frequency-dispersive Rayleigh-distributed fading and corrupted by additive non-Gaussian noise, modeled as a spherically invariant random process. We derive both the optimum detection structure and a suboptimal, reduced-complexity receiver, based on the low-energy-coherence approach. Interestingly, both detection structures are canonical, i.e., they are independent of the actual noise statistics. We also carry out a performance analysis of both receivers, with reference to the case that the channel is affected by a frequency-selective fading and for a binary frequency-shift-keying signaling format. The results obtained through both a Chernoff-bounding technique and Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the adoption of diversity also represents a suitable means to restore performance in the presence of dispersive fading and impulsive non-Gaussian noise. Interestingly, it is also shown that the suboptimal receiver incurs a limited loss with respect to the optimum (unrealizable) receiving structure     

Combined multiuser signal classification and blind equalization

A multiuser automatic modulation classifier (MAMC) is an important signal processing component of a multiantenna cognitive radio (CR) receiver that helps the radio in identifying modulation format employed by multiple users in a frequency band simultaneously. In a typical wireless communication, transmitted signals are subjected to multipath fading and interference from other users. Multipath fading not only affects symbol detection performance but also affects the performance of the automatic modulation classifier. A multi input multi output (MIMO) blind equalizer is another important component of a multiantenna CR receiver that improves symbol detection performance by reducing inter symbol interference and inter user interference. In a CR scenario it is preferable to consider the performance of the AMC also while adapting the parameters of the blind equalizer. In this paper we propose MIMO blind equalizers that improves the performance of both multiuser symbol detection and cumulants based MAMC. Computer simulations are provided to illustrate this concept and the proposed algorithm.