面向动力学性能的薄壁加筋板结构阻尼与筋条布局协同优化设计

为减小薄壁加筋结构在动态环境下的振动,提出了加筋肋布局和阻尼层拓扑一体化设计方法。以含表层阻尼材料的薄壁加筋板结构为研究对象,结合阻尼材料惩罚模型与基结构优化方法,引入筋条密度和阻尼单元密度两类独立设计变量,考虑筋条和阻尼材料的体积约束,建立最小化动态柔度的阻尼材料拓扑和筋条布局的协同优化模型,实现面向动态响应最小化的含阻尼层的薄壁加筋结构最优设计。通过不同阻尼、不同频率下的含表面阻尼层加筋板的多个数值算例,验证了所提方法和模型的有效性。     

曲加筋条壁板优化设计研究

针对多设计变量的新型曲加筋条壁板(curvilinearly stiffened panels)优化问题,提出了一种参数化设计方法。该方法以加筋壁板的重量最小为目标,以加筋壁板屈曲、von Mises应力和筋条压损等为约束条件,通过MSC.Patran/Nastran进行参数化建模并获得结构响应,采用非劣分层遗传算法Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)实施结构优化。为了合理、简洁地描述曲加筋条的几何形状,采用B样条定义曲加筋条的轴线,并取其起点、终点和控制点坐标为位置/形状设计变量。利用单级优化策略,同时对位置/形状变量和包括筋条高度、筋条厚度以及平板厚度在内的尺寸变量进行优化。采用该设计方法,在结构承受面内压缩和剪切载荷以及四边简支的条件下,分别对采用直/曲加筋条的壁板进行了轻量化设计。结果表明,复杂载荷作用下,采用相同数目的曲加筋条能够提高结构效率,实现结构减重。     

薄板结构低噪声仿生拓扑优化方法

针对薄板结构的低噪声设计问题,以结构声辐射功率最小化为优化目标,借鉴植物脉序分枝结构的构型特征,提出了薄板结构加强筋布局的仿生拓扑优化方法。以结构应变能最小和释放局部最大剪应力作为加强筋主脉和次脉的生长准则,以广义Murray准则作为加强筋脉序的分歧准则,构造了具有脉序分级特征的加强筋自适应生长算法。以固支薄板结构的横向弯曲振动及声辐射问题为典型算例,对比分析了仿脉序分布加筋板结构的声辐射功率和振动功率流的分布特性。数值结果表明,与相同体积约束下的正交加筋布局方式相比,仿脉序分布加筋方法使薄板结构具有更优的声振特性,进而验证了薄板结构加强筋仿生布局降噪方法的有效性与可靠性。     

基于自适应成长法的周期性加筋结构拓扑优化设计方法

将自适应成长法应用到周期性加筋结构的拓扑优化设计中,以结构的应变能最小为目标,以加强筋截面积为设计变量,并构建拓扑优化设计模型。为保证优化结构可得到周期性最优拓扑形式,在优化数学模型中加入了周期性约束,并引入敏度过滤函数解决数值不稳定等问题。典型工程结构设计案例表明,提出的方法在周期性加筋结构设计中可得到形态清晰的筋条布局,且设计效率高、适用性广。同时利用所提方法模拟荷叶叶脉生长,获得了与自然界荷叶叶脉相似的布局形态,表明自然界荷叶叶脉分布能使荷叶在承受雨雪等自然载荷作用下的整体刚度最大。     

大型起重机械薄板结构加筋及承载能力分析

起重机械的快速发展放大了其结构本身缺陷,为弥补可能发生的损伤问题,通常采用添加筋板的方式增加大型起重机械薄板结构的刚度,其主要承载了大部分的垂向载荷并能够提供足够的稳定性。但是,当承受载荷超过临界载荷时,筋板会发生屈曲变形,本文首先论述了大型起重机械薄板结构加筋的研究现状,进而研究了起重机械薄板加筋的稳定性,计算不同工况下的临界应力。为最大化利用筋板的承载能力,考虑了加筋板结构的后屈曲,对其承载能力进行了分析和优化方法设计,为大型起重机械薄板结构加筋的研究提供理论支撑,具有重要的工程意义。     

薄板结构加筋布局设计的渐进结构优化方法

基于加筋板结构有限元分析技术、渐进结构优化(ESO)方法提出一个系统的策略,研究薄板结构的加筋布局优化问题.研究加筋板结构有限元分析的两种方法,对比其计算精度与效率.基于板梁离散有限元模型,通过ESO方法控制加筋的生长与去除,获得加筋的布局.采用该方法对板结构进行以结构刚度最大为目标的加筋布局优化设计,数值结果表明所提出的方法能有效获得合理的加筋布局.     

基于连续密度变量的结构支撑布局优化设计

支撑布局的优化设计是决定结构设计质量与力学品质的关键因素 ,论文提出了用拓扑优化技术进行支撑布局优化设计的一种方法。为了实现结构动力学性能优化 ,采用拓扑优化方法中的虚拟密度技术 ,将支撑单元布局这一离散变量问题转化为连续变量优化问题。该方法以虚拟密度作为设计变量 ,基于单元刚度矩阵与设计变量的指数对应关系 ,建立了结构固有频率对设计变量的灵敏度计算格式 ,实现了动力学优化。论文给出了支撑布局拓扑优化的实例 ,这些问题对于检验论文中所使用的拓扑优化方法的可行性和结果的可信度有很大帮助 ,同样对于这种方法的推广应用也有很大指导意义。计算结果表明 ,拓扑优化方法不仅能够解决结构布局优化设计问题 ,而且在模型建立合理的情况下 ,也能够有效地对支撑布局进行动力学优化     

基于拓扑优化的机床立柱筋板改进

在拓扑优化的基础上,提出根据拓扑优化结果改进筋板布局的方法,并结合案例,构造了基于相对密度法的连续体结构动力学拓扑优化设计数学模型,以结构的相对密度为设计变量,分别以柔度最小化、一阶固有频率最大化为目标和两者结合的多目标进行拓扑优化。在采用多目标优化时,对两个目标用加权和方法进行折衷处理,通过设置权值来确定两者在优化中所起作用大小。优化后得出不同的密度云图,根据密度云图所示材料分部,改进筋板布局,达到提高机床动、静态特性的目的。     

基于筋板式基结构的大口径空间反射镜构型设计的拓扑优化方法

针对大口径空间光学反射镜对轻量化的需求,提出了基于筋板式基结构的大口径空间反射镜构型设计的拓扑优化方法.该方法利用基结构拓扑优化的思想,将反射镜初始设计域限定为筋板式的反射镜基结构,通过各筋板的有无描述结构构型的变化.首先,借鉴连续体结构拓扑优化的思想,以壳单元离散筋板结构,以加筋板各单元的相对密度为设计变量(通过相对密度取1或0,描述该单元所在区域的筋板是否存在),以光轴竖直工况下镜面面形误差为设计约束,镜体的质量最小为优化目标,建立了镜体结构构型设计的拓扑优化模型;然后,以拓扑优化所得构型为基础,提取并形成结构概念构型;最后,采用有限元法进行动静刚度分析与光学性能分析,并对结构进行修正,形成性能更好、满足要求的反射镜轻量化结构创新构型.文中的设计实例得到的反射镜镜面面形误差PV值小于λ/10,RMS值小于λ/40,第一阶自振频率大于1 000 Hz,轻量化率达到86.0％.得到的结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于拓扑优化方法的机床立柱轻量化设计

以某型机床立柱为研究对象,开展了立柱结构的轻量化研究工作。首先,利用Hyperworks软件对立柱结构进行静态和动态特性分析,得到立柱在切削力工况下的应力、变形位移云图、固有频率、振型以及频率位移响应曲线;然后,采用变密度法以柔度最小为目标函数进行拓扑优化,根据拓扑优化云图得到立柱内壁的筋条排布形式;接着,提取加筋板的中面并建立2D模型,进行尺寸优化设计,得到加筋板的最优厚度尺寸;最后,将优化模型与原模型进行力学性能对比分析。优化结果显示:基于拓扑优化方法的机床立柱可在减轻重量的同时提高其静、动态特性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.