基于l~1范数的新型脉冲噪声数字滤波器

旨在研究非线性数字滤波器设计问题。基于稳健统计理论和双边滤波思想,首先提出稳健的图像复原统一框架,并由此导出一种数字滤波器的统一设计框架,简洁地建立了非线性数字滤波器与最优能量泛函框架之间的理论联系。基于统一设计框架,随后提出了一种新型脉冲噪声滤波器,即双边l1滤波器。双边l1滤波器赋予噪声点的权重相对于图像信息的权重接近于零,更好地抑制了噪声点对滤波过程的影响,比中值滤波器具有更为鲁棒的滤波机制。实验结果验证了双边l1滤波器抑制脉冲噪声的有效性。     

一种非线性数字滤波器的统一设计框架及其性能分析

文章旨在研究非线性数字滤波器的统一设计框架问题.基于稳健统计理论和双边滤波思想,首先建立了一种鲁棒的图像复原统一能量泛函.该能量泛函充分融合了双边滤波的双重异性加权机制和稳健ρ-函数对边缘奇异点的鲁棒性处理机制,因而具有更强的边缘保持能力.随后,基于图像复原统一能量泛函的欧拉-拉格朗日方程,导出一种非线性数字滤波器的统一设计框架.特别地,在此统一框架下,双边滤波、数字TV滤波以及自适应平滑均可进行相应的扩展.同时,文中系统比较了各种稳健ρ-函数在边缘保持方面的鲁棒性,并提出一种新型边缘保持性稳健ρ-函数,即ρ(x)=-σ2(1 |x|/σ)exp(-|x|/σ) σ2.不论是视觉效果方面还是峰值信噪比方面,大量实验结果验证了文中统一设计框架的合理性和新型稳健p-函数的边缘保持性.     

数字双边全变差滤波及非线性去噪

为了更好地滤噪,在研究基于数字滤波器的图像去噪问题的基础上,首先简洁地建立了双边滤波与最优能量泛函之间的理论联系,同时导出一类广义双边滤波器;然后基于双边滤波在阶数大邻域中的双重异性加权滤波机制,推广了Chan提出的数字全变差(TV)模型,提出了一种数字双边TV模型;随后,建立了基于数字双边TV模型的最优能量泛函,并且导出了适于高斯噪声和脉冲噪声两种情形的非线性数字双边全变差滤波器。实验结果显示,无论是在视觉效果方面,还是去噪后图像的峰值信噪比方面,双边全变差滤波都是对双边滤波和全变差滤波极为合理而有效的推广。尤其对于脉冲噪声,该双边全变差滤波的去噪性能明显优于中值滤波器,具有重要的实用价值。     

NLTV:非局部数字全变差滤波算法

在图像平滑处理过程中,如何设计保持图像边缘和纹理细节的数字图像去噪滤波器一直是人们关注的热点问题。本文在统一描述数字全变差滤波算法（DTV）和数字双边全变差算法（DBTV）的滤波机制的基础上,利用图像像素间的近-远程相关性,分别定义近程相关性和远程相关性两个度量,建立了一种非局部图像滤波自适应双边加权机制,提出一种同时适合高斯噪声和脉冲噪声的非局部数字全变差滤波算法（NLTV）。实验验证了新算法在抑制噪声的同时具有较好的边缘细节和纹理保持性能。     

基于SPCNN和Nagao滤波的图像去噪

为了更好地滤除椒盐噪声,提出如下方法:首先借鉴非线性模板和模板匹配的思想,改进了Nagao滤波器;再利用简化脉冲耦合神经网络模型,提出一种定位噪声点的方法;最后将两者结合用于恢复被椒盐噪声污染的图像.实验证实,采用本文算法恢复图像的主客观效果均优于标准中值滤波、自适应中值滤波、中子集型中值滤波、简化脉冲耦合神经网络滤波,且当噪声密度大范围变化时仍然具有较好效果.     

分维自适应稀疏网格积分非线性滤波器

针对含加性高斯噪声的非线性离散系统,提出了可分别根据各维状态及量测方程的非线性函数特性来确定采样点及其权重的积分滤波器.设计了基于嵌入式高斯采样积分和稀疏网格法则的自适应多变量采样积分方法,可在匹配函数高阶泰勒展开项时,利用低阶采样点,提出了高效的数据结构和遍历算法,便于采用该积分方法分别估计系统状态/量测的预测均值和协方差矩阵.该滤波器既能根据各维非线性函数的特性确定采样点,又实现了对采样值和权重的完全复用,保证了算法效率.理论分析和仿真表明,该滤波算法中自适应调整的运算量小于计算非线性函数采样值.该滤波器与无迹卡尔曼滤波相比,提高了滤波精度,与固定形式的稀疏网格滤波器相比,提高了采样效率,且该方法为两者的广义形式.仿真实验也验证了状态估计的精确性和函数采样的高效性.     

基于数学形态学的非线性语音增强方法

为了更好地滤除语音信号中的宽带噪声,使语音增强向着非线性方向发展。综合考虑语音和噪声特性,选用合理的结构元素,设计了一种新的形态学滤波算法,构造出用于语音信号滤波增强的非线性形态滤波器。仿真实验和数据分析结果论证了这种基于形态学的非线性语音增强方法的可行性,尤其是对于正负脉冲噪声的滤除效果相对较好。     

基于svc和wavelet-transform的图像脉冲噪声自适应新滤波器

利用小波变换Wavelet Transform可以检测信号奇异点的原理,提出了一种基于WT的脉冲噪声检测方法,并把这一方法与支持向量分类器SVC脉冲噪声检测方法相结合,提出了一种改进的SVC图像脉冲噪声滤波器。实验表明,这一改进的SVC脉冲噪声滤波器的滤波效果比原先的SVC滤波器有明显的改善。     

有色量测噪声下的改进求容积卡尔曼滤波器

为解决标准求容积卡尔曼滤波器在有色量测噪声条件下滤波精度退化的问题,提出改进求容积卡尔曼滤波器及其平方根形式.首先利用一阶马尔科夫模型白化非线性离散随机系统中有色量测噪声,将有色量测噪声下非线性离散随机系统转化为白噪声下非线性时滞系统.然后根据所得非线性时滞系统推导其高斯域的贝叶斯滤波框架,最后基于3度Spherical-Radial规则将该滤波框架近似为改进的求容积卡尔曼滤波器和其平方根形式.机动目标跟踪仿真试验结果表明两种改进求容积卡尔曼滤波算法在标准白噪声条件下与标准求容积卡尔曼滤波算法的估计精度相同,而在有色量测噪声背景下滤波精度和鲁棒性更优.     

一种新的基于噪声点检测的脉冲噪声去噪算法

中值滤波是广泛应用于去除脉冲噪声的一种非线性去噪方法,但是单一地使用中值滤波方法去除脉冲噪声会造成图像细节信息的丢失,从而使图像变得模糊。基于噪声点检测的脉冲噪声滤波方法可以在滤除噪声的同时有效地保持图像的细节信息。该文在此基础上提出了一种新的基于噪声点检测的脉冲噪声滤波算法,该算法在检测噪声点时用被检测点的中值滤波结果作为判定该点是否为噪声点的依据。而在滤除被检测到的噪声点时,采用的是迭代的中值滤波算法。从实验结果中可以看到,与其它中值滤波算法相比,该文的算法在去除脉冲噪声时能取得较好的效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.