U型机箱控制器

本文介绍了国内流行的8位微型计算机与CAMAC系统间的一种标准接口——U型机箱控制器的设计思想。比较了内存编址和I/O编址两种方案的优缺点,并论述了一些技术问题和细节。     

Some Aspects of CAMAC Software

Since most CAMAC systems include computers, the generation and maintenance of computer programs may represent a substantial fraction of the effort involved in assembling a CAMAC system. The effort involved can be reduced if standard software can be used, but the generality of the hardware and the variety of computers and interfaces make the production of efficient, general software difficult. Some of the problems and some general approaches to them are discussed below. The NIM Software Working Group has been working on a set of FORTRAN subroutines for use with CAMAC systems. Though the effort is incomplete, it has reached a stage where its implementation is feasible and will prove useful. The working group has therefore concluded that it should be published in this tutorial issue to make it available to prospective users.     

Operational Characteristics of the Camac Dataway

The basic purpose of CAMAC is to provide a standardized method for transferring data and control information between instrurrentation modules and a digital controller. CAMAC encompasses both a hardware standard for housing the modular components of a system and an electrical and logical standard for the control "language" used to effect the information transfer. The CAMAC specification contains the formally stated rules for hoth of these aspects of CAMAC. This paper concentrates on the control language and describes some of its features and uses in a less formal way than in the specification, and therefore may be useful as an introduction to the subject. Other papers in this series consider other aspects of CAMAC, including its place in the context of instrumentation systems, hardware aspects, signal standards, the Branch Highway, and coupling to computers and control systems. Here, the scope is limited to the process of information interchange within the CAMAC crate. This is a revised version of a paper previously publishled. Since the first version was published, a revised version of the CAMAC specification has been issued. This present paper is based only on the revised specification. Information on the differences between the original and revised CAMAC specifications is available.     

Some Characteristics of Interfaces between CAMAC and Small Computers

The typical CAMAC system is operated in conjunction with a small computer. In the usual case, the computer acts as a repository for data generated by CAMAC, and also controls and directs the CAMAC operations. This paper discusses some of the aspects of the hardware interface, and also some of the interaction between the computer and the CAMAC system.     

A Smart Crate Controller for Fast CAMAC Data Acquisition

A smart CAMAC Crate Controller has been designed for use in Fermilab experiment E-705. Its distinctive feature is a hardwired list processor performing block transfers by executing lists of pre-stored CAMAC instructions. Data collected from the crate are sent to an external port: controllers organized in serial or parallel channels, transmit their data to buffer memories. Processing of interactive CAMAC operations, downloading of CAMAC instruction lists and supervision are provided by a Motorola 6809 micro-processor linked to the controller via the STD bus and to a host computer via an RS-232 serial interface.     

CAMAC服务器

本文介绍使用ＶＣＣ２１１７ＣＡＭＡＣ机箱控制器建立的ＣＡＭＡＣ服务器，客户机使用ＶＭＥ实时工作站，具有符合ＩＥＥＥ标准的ＣＡＭＡＣ子程序库，客户－服务器之间通信采用机箱间电缆总线ＶＩＣｂｕｓ。     

Some Characteristics of Interfaces between CAMAC and Small Computers

The typical CAMAC system has a small computer attached to it. In the usual case, the computer acts as a repository for data generated by CAMAC, and also controls and directs the CAMAC operations. This paper discusses some of the aspects of the hardware interface, and also some of the interaction between the computer and the CAMAC system.     

北京正负电子对撞机输运线磁铁电源样机控制系统

在北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程（BEPCⅡ）中，为能有效地利用现有的CAMAC设备，研究提出采用VME模块作为CAMAC串行驱动器（SerialDriver），与CAMAC机箱连成串行通道系统，通过CAMAC机箱控制器对CAMACI/O功能插件进行控制操作，实现对输运线磁铁电源的远程控制。文章描述与实现这一方案相关的CAMACI/O驱动程序和应用软件的开发与调试。该样机系统的研制成功解决了BEPCⅡ控制系统研发中的关键技术。     

Summary of CAMAC: Status and Outlook

Is everyone going to use CAMAC? Probably not. Does CAMAC represent the latest thinking in data handling? Again the answer is no. However, one must remember that the time from conception to delivery of a computer makes it partially obsolete before it is ever used. This is the price of progress. A similar gestation time is inevitable for CAMAC. If we were to begin today, CAMAC would be different, but at this point in time we cannot start over. CAMAC is the only system with any chance of wide-spread acceptance in the near future. We intend to take advantage of its opportunities right away.     

Sumary of CAMAC: Status and Outlook

Is everyone going to use CAMAC? Probably not. Does CAMAC represent all the latest thinking in data handling? Again the answer is no. However, one must remember that the time from conception to delivery of a computer makes it partially obsolete before it is ever used. This is the price of progress. A similar gestation time was inevitable for CAMAC. If we were to begin today, CAMAC would be different, but at this point in time we are glad we don't have to start over again. CAMAC has proved its worth in many experimental research situations. Also CAMAC is dynamic; as new technology beccmes available it will obviously be incorporated into the system. Now is the time to take it to the industrial market place. The predominant use of CAMAC should be in industrial data-acquisition and control environments.     

CAMAC Instrumentation System - Introduction and General Description

The CAMAC instrumenatation system developed by the ESONE Committee of European laboratories has been endorsed by the U. S. AEC NIM Committee as a dataway system complementary to the NIM (Nuclear Instrument Module) system. CAMAC is described in a general way in this introductory paper which is followed by papers that discuss the system in greater detail and describe typical implementation.     

A VME/VMX - CAMAC Interface and Crate Controller

A VME/VMX bus interface has been designed and built to interface a VME-based data acquisition system to CAMAC. The interface communicates via a differential bus with a companion unit that functions as a CAMAC crate controller. The interface maps both VMiE and VMX address cycles into appropriate CAMAC cycles. Special diagnostic features have been incorporated in the design to allow quick fault detection and location.     

Data Acquisition with a PDP-11/44 and MBD-11 Branch Driver with the UNIX Time-Sharing System

A data acquisition system that provides real-time data acquisition and control, and on-line data analysis facilities has been recently installed. A PDP-11/44 is interfaced to CAMAC via a MBD-11 microprogrammable parallel branch driver. Both system and user software has been implemented in the structured high level "C" language in the UNIX time-sharing environment. Implementation of the system is discussed.     

CAMAC Instrumentation System - Introduction and General Description

The CAMAC instrumentation system developed by the ESONE Committee of European laboratories has been endorsed by the U. S. AEC NIM Committee as a dataway system complementary to the NIM (Nuclear Instrument Module) system. CAMAC is described in a general way in this introductory paper which is followed by papers that discuss the system in greater detail. This paper is an updated version of the introductory paper that appeared in the April 1971 IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.     

A High Speed CAMAC Differential Branch Highway Driver

A new CAMAC branch driver is described that incorporates several unusual features which combine to give reliable, high speed performance. These include balanced line driver/receivers, stored CAMAC command lists, 8 DMA channels, pseudo LAMS, hardware priority encoding of LAMS and hardware implemented Q controlled block transfers.     

CAMAC四路时间—数字变换器

一、引言在实验技术中,时间-数字变换法出现的较早,也已在核物理实验中有所应用。近10多年来,随着CAMAC和漂移室的出现,时间-数字变换法又得到了新的发展。现在已逐渐应用到其他领域。根据我们的实际需要,研制了一种高分辨的时间-数字变换器。     

Computer Controlled CAMAC Systems at Argonne

Several computer controlled CAMAC systems are presently being developed at Argonne for data acquisition in low-energy nuclear physics. This paper discusses four of these. The systems are designed around 8K, 16-bit, Lockheed MAC-16 computers. A typical system includes two CAMAC crates and a complement of 15 modules. The crate controller in each crate serves as interface between the computer I/O bus and the CAMAC dataway. Up to 14 individual crates can be addressed in addition to a Teletype and other peripheral devices. The CAMAC modules being developed include Crate Controller, Dual ADC Controller, ADC Coincidence Unit, Dual Stabilizer, Quad Pre-Scaler, Clock, Display Controller, Readout Selector, Magnetic Tape Controller and Disk Controller. Most units are built in double-width modules using computer controlled wire-wrap construction.