Girth-8 (3,L)-规则QC-LDPC码的一种确定性构造方法

对于围长(girth)至少为8的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码,目前的绝大多数构造方法都需要借助于计算机搜索。受贪婪构造算法启发,该文利用完全确定的方式构造出一类围长为8的(3, L)- 规则QC-LDPC码。这类QC-LDPC码的校验矩阵由3L个PP的循环置换矩阵构成。对于任意整数P3L2/4,这类校验矩阵的围长均为8。     

光通信系统中一种新颖的满秩QC-LDPC码的构造方法研究

为使低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码高效地应用于光通信系统中,针对光通信系统的传输特点,提出了一种新颖的基于循环置换矩阵和掩蔽矩阵构造满秩准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码的方法。该方法定义了一类基矩阵,由基矩阵扩展出循环置换矩阵,构造出围长至少为8的校验矩阵;提出了掩蔽矩阵的设计规则,并利用设计的掩蔽矩阵对前面得到的校验矩阵进行变换,构造出围长至少为8的满秩QC-LDPC码。与多种不同的QC-LDPC码构造方法进行理论分析和性能仿真比较,结果表明,利用该方法构造出的LDPC码字是满秩的,具有严格的准循环特性和优异的纠错性能,且构造灵活。该方法构造的码字适用于光通信系统。     

基于高斯近似的IRA码构造算法研究

介绍了非规则重复累积码(IRA)的结构,对其Tanner图和校验矩阵进行了分析。IRA码的构造分为优化度分布和设计奇偶校验矩阵2部分。在AWGN信道下,对给定的噪声方差,采用高斯近似的方法优化度分布并得出优化结果。根据度分布和相应规则设计奇偶校验矩阵,给出了设计步骤。对设计出的码进行计算机仿真,结果表明这类码相对于计算机随机构造的LDPC码能带来性能上的提高,且随码长增加,码的性能有明显改善。     

基于稀疏二进制序列的低密度奇偶校验码

通过对低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码构造的研究,提出了一种利用稀疏二进制序列构造规则LDPC码的新颖而简单的方法。在构造中,还提出了奇偶校验矩阵里元素‘1’的分布矩阵的概念。为了确保码Tanner图的最小圈长为8,利用了序列的周期自相关函数和周期互相关函数。通过仿真表明构造的新码在和积算法下进行迭代解码性能优异。由于产生的LDPC码本身固有的准循环结构,还能得到较低的编码复杂度。     

LU分解法的LDPC码编码器的FPGA实现

针对校验矩阵不具备准循环结构的1类低密度奇偶校验(low density parity check,LDPC)码,采用改进的LU分解法,设计了1种低复杂度的LDPC码编码器。通过运用流水线技术与乒乓缓存技术,显著降低了存储资源的消耗,提升了吞吐率。同时,该编码器适用于所有校验矩阵能进行LU分解的LDPC码,具有良好的应用价值。     

一种非规则广义LDPC码的构造方法

广义低密度奇偶校验(Generalized Low睤ensity Parity睠heck,GLDPC)码把低密度奇偶校验(Low睤ensity Parity睠heck,LDPC)码中的单奇偶校验(Single Parity睠heck,SPC)节点替换为校验能力更强的广义约束(Generalized Constraint,GC)节点,使其在中短码和低码率的条件下具有更低的误码率。传统GLDPC码要求基矩阵的行重等于分量码的码长,这限制了GLDPC码构造的灵活性。另外,相比于传统GLDPC码中GC节点位置的随机选取,GC节点的位置选择在GLDPC码的误码率性能上有一定的优化空间。针对以上两点,提出了一种基于渐进边增长(Progressive Edge-rowth,PEG)算法的非规则GLDPC码构造方法和一种基于Tanner图边数的GC节点位置选择算法。使用PEG算法生成的非规则LDPC码作为本地码,根据本地码的校验节点度使用多种分量码,结合GC节点位置选择算法构造非规则GLDPC码。仿真结果表明,与传统方法构造的GLDPC码相比,基于Tanner图边数的GC节点位置选择算法构造的非规则PEG-LDPC码在误码率和译码复杂度上均得到明显改善。     

光正交码在LDPC码中的应用性能分析

主要分析LDPC（低密度奇偶校验）码日矩阵不同构造的译码性能,通过在4／5码率、990码长、AWGN（加性高斯白噪声）信道、BP（置信传播）译码算法条件下,先采取随机构造的方式进行仿真分析,然后将光正交码的概念引入H矩阵的设计,并进行相应的改进,通过计算机仿真,发现通过光正交码改进H矩阵构造设计的LDPC码不仅性能优于随机构造的LDPC码,而且还具有循环结构。     

卫星激光通信中基于Fibonacci数列与GCD序列的非规则QC-LDPC码构造方法

为提高卫星激光通信系统的可靠性,节约其硬件资源,提出一种基于斐波那契(Fibonacci)数列与最大公约数(GCD)序列的非规则准循环低密度奇偶校验(Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check, QC-LDPC)码构造方法。该方法通过由Fibonacci数列与GCD序列组合构造的循环移位矩阵扩展原模图基矩阵,从而得到校验矩阵。所构造的校验矩阵围长至少为6且码长码率可灵活选择,需存储元素少,利于硬件实现,较适用于卫星激光通信系统。仿真结果表明,采用该方法构造的非规则QC-LDPC码与相同码率码长的基于完备差集的非规则Type-I QC-LDPC码、基于消除陷阱集的有限长度非规则FL-QC-LDPC码、基于GCD可快速编译的非规则GL-QC-LDPC码以及基于矩阵扩展的非规则RC-LDPC码相比,其净编码增益均有一定提高。     

一类环长至少为10的准循环LDPC码

为扩展性能优良、易于工程实现的LDPC码的构造方法,提出了一类环长至少为10的准循环低密度奇偶校验(quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check, QC-LDPC)码的构造方法。该方法首先基于基矩阵和 准则[11]构造出环长至少为10的校验矩阵;然后,利用掩蔽矩阵对得到的校验矩阵进行变换;最终,构造出满秩的准循环LDPC码。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该类QC-LDPC码字构造灵活,在AWGN信道下具有优异的性能。     

基于基矩阵排列优化算法的非规则准循环低密度奇偶校验码构造

为了提升非规则准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码的误码率性能、降低构造算法的复杂度,该文提出一种基于基矩阵排列优化算法的非规则QC-LDPC码构造方法。首先,利用基于外部信息传递(EXIT)图的阈值分析算法得到满足码率和列重要求的非规则QC-LDPC码的最优度分布,然后将围长和短环数量作为新的约束条件对具有最优度分布的码集进行分析,得到具有最优度分布和最少短环数量的最优基矩阵排列结构,最后,根据得到的基矩阵对规则指数矩阵进行置零操作得到目标非规则QC-LDPC码。该构造方法相对于随机构造方法具有更低的实现复杂度,同时可以通过改变算法的参数值实现码长和码率的灵活设计。仿真结果表明,与现有的一些构造方法相比,所提方法构造的非规则QC-LDPC码在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道上具有更好的误码率性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.