碳酸钙晶须的制备与应用研究进展

文石相碳酸钙是一种新型环保晶须材料,由于造价低廉,使其具有很强的市场竞争力.综述了国内外在文石相碳酸钙晶须的制备和应用方面的研究进展,特别是国内碳酸钙晶须的开发现状和性能特点,分析了其市场前景.     

碳化法制备均一文石晶须的研究及机理探讨

利用改进的碳化法制备了文石型碳酸钙晶须 ,讨论了温度、MgCl2 浓度、初始 pH值、CO2 的流速、搅拌速度对文石晶须制备的影响 ,探讨了其影响机理。采用高倍显微镜—计算机联用技术和X射线衍射技术进行产品形貌观察和晶型分析。实验表明在一定温度下的稳定反应体系中 ,维持较低的过饱和度 ,保证成核与生长的分离可制备出均一的文石晶须。实现这一条件的工艺参数为pH值维持在 9左右 ,反应温度为 70℃ ,CO2 流速为 4 .5mL/min( 1gCaO) ,搅拌速度为 2 0 0r/min。     

晶须碳酸钙塑料增强材料

介绍晶须碳酸钙的合成方法、物性及作增强材料在塑料中应用的可行性的分析。     

碳酸钙晶须增强水泥基复合材料压缩性能随温度的变化规律

碳酸钙晶须可以有效改善水泥基复合材料在常温下的压缩性能,但是高温作用后碳酸钙晶须对材料压缩性能的影响尚不清楚。研究了不同体积掺量(0%、0.5%、1%、2%)的碳酸钙晶须增强水泥基复合材料分别在常温以及200,400,600和800℃高温作用后的压缩性能。试验结果表明,常温下随着晶须掺量的提高,试件的抗压强度和压缩韧性呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中掺入1%碳酸钙晶须的材料压缩性能最好。200℃条件下材料的抗压强度和压缩韧性较常温均有明显提高,而当目标温度超过200℃后,高温对材料的压缩性能劣化作用明显,其抗压强度和压缩韧性持续衰减,800℃作用后各组的压缩性能已没有明显差距,但在每个目标温度作用下,碳酸钙晶须均可以提高高温作用后的抗压强度值和压缩韧性值,说明碳酸钙晶须的掺入对提高材料在高温作用后的压缩性能有积极作用。     

液态金属铸造法制备金属基复合材料的研究现状

在金属基复合材料的制备方法中,液态铸造法具有广泛的应用和发展前景.较系统地论述了颗粒、晶须和短纤维增强的金属基复合材料的液态铸造制备方法及其对材料性能的影响,探讨了液态铸造法制备金属基复合材料过程中仍然存在的问题和研究进展,展望了制备金属基复合材料的发展方向.     

碳酸钙晶须对混杂纤维增强高延性水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

为了探究碳酸钙晶须对钢纤维/PVA混杂纤维增强高延性水泥基复合材料(HyFRHDCC)力学性能的影响,利用2%体积掺量的廉价碳酸钙晶须替代部分纤维,研究了不同纤维掺量HyFRHDCC的压缩性能和拉伸性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了HyFRHDCC的微观结构。研究结果表明,引入碳酸钙晶须能够提高HyFRHDCC的初裂拉伸应变和峰前压缩韧性;在1.5%PVA+0.25%钢纤维HyFRHDCC中掺入2%碳酸钙晶须可以改善材料的拉伸性能;当PVA纤维减少至1%时,HyFRHDCC出现了明显的应变软化行为。微观形貌分析发现,碳酸钙晶须能够通过裂纹偏转、晶须拔出以及裂缝桥联等微观机制改善HyFRHDCC的应变硬化行为。     

碳酸钙晶须在鼓式刹车片中的性能研究

选用碳酸钙晶须用于汽车制动器衬片,研究了其增摩减磨性能.通过XD-MSM定速式摩擦试验机研究了石棉、重质碳酸钙和碳酸钙晶须摩擦性能并作了比较;利用扫描电镜对其形貌作了分析,根据其分散状况推测其增强耐磨机理.结果表明:当配方含15%碳酸钙晶须时,具有高温摩擦系数稳定、磨损率小、力学性能好等优点,综合性能及性价比高,是石棉的理想取代品.     

碳酸钙晶须合成及其应用

本文介绍了碳酸钙晶须的制备方法，性能特征及其应用。     

淡水珍珠的生物矿化机理研究进展

碳酸钙广泛存在于生物矿物中, 是地球上最普遍的生物矿物之一。贝壳和珍珠的主要组成部分为碳酸钙无机相。我国淡水养殖珍珠多数品质优异, 具有良好的珍珠光泽。该种珍珠以文石晶型碳酸钙为无机相, 称为文石珍珠。近年来, 在我国淡水养殖珍珠中发现了球文石的存在, 球文石的出现是导致珍珠失去光泽、降低质量的主要原因。本文对比阐述了淡水文石珍珠和球文石珍珠的微观结构与性能, 总结了与珍珠层有关的体外模拟碳酸钙生物矿化的实验结果, 提出了珍珠层生物矿化机理未来的研究方向。     

氧化锌晶须在纯化学发泡制备硅橡胶泡沫中的应用研究

采用氧化锌晶须增强改善硅橡胶,运用纯化学发泡技术制备硅橡胶泡沫材料.研究了氧化锌晶须对硅橡胶混炼胶塑性值、硅橡胶泡沫泡孔结构及分布和泡沫压缩应力松弛性能的影响.结果表明:氧化锌晶须用量对硅橡胶混炼胶塑性值影响不大,氧化锌晶须可以改善泡沫泡孔结构和分布,明显降低了硅橡胶泡沫材料的压缩应力松弛性能.     

固相原料反应生成碳化硅晶须的实验研究

实验研究了三种碳原料和七种硅原料反应生成ＳｉＣ晶须工艺过程，结果表明，反应生成碳化硅晶须的固相原料中，除稻壳外，白炭黑作为硅源，喷雾炭墨作为碳源，加入适当催化剂也可以得到高品位碳化硅晶须，纯度在９５％以上，生成率在２５％以上。     

碱式氯化镁晶须的研究进展

碱式氯化镁晶须是一种廉价易得的晶须材料,应用前景广阔。本文介绍了碱式氯化镁晶须的制备方法和应用情况,并对利用我国丰富的浓海水卤水资源制备碱式氯化镁进行了展望。     

自石灰石矿粉中直接提取CaCO3晶须的碳化-分解法研究

提出一种自石灰石矿粉中直接提取CaCO_3晶须的碳化-分解方法。该方法能够以天然石灰石矿粉为原料,通过水溶性碳酸的作用溶解出Ca(HCO_3)_2,进而在升温条件下通过Ca(HCO_3)_2的分解反应得到形貌规整的棱锥状CaCO_3晶须。扫描电镜观测与X射线衍射分析显示,Ca(HCO_3)_2分解温度对CaCO_3晶须微观形貌的影响显著,晶须长度与长径比随分解温度的升高均呈上升趋势,但分解温度超过80℃会导致文石晶相向方解石晶相转化。实验结果表明,80℃、2h条件下,Ca(HCO_3)_2分解产物中文石晶相含量较高,晶须几何形貌更为合理,其平均长度为14.61 μm、长径比为8.10。     

Toughening mechanisms in bioinspired multilayered materials

Outstanding mechanical properties of biological multilayered materials are strongly influenced by nanoscale features in their structure. In this study, mechanical behaviour and toughening mechanisms of abalone nacre-inspired multilayered materials are explored. In nacre''s structure, the organic matrix, pillars and the roughness of the aragonite platelets play important roles in its overall mechanical performance. A micromechanical model for multilayered biological materials is proposed to simulate their mechanical deformation and toughening mechanisms. The fundamental hypothesis of the model is the inclusion of nanoscale pillars with near theoretical strength (σ_th ~ E/30). It is also assumed that pillars and asperities confine the organic matrix to the proximity of the platelets, and, hence, increase their stiffness, since it has been previously shown that the organic matrix behaves more stiffly in the proximity of mineral platelets. The modelling results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data for abalone nacre. The results demonstrate that the aragonite platelets, pillars and organic matrix synergistically affect the stiffness of nacre, and the pillars significantly contribute to the mechanical performance of nacre. It is also shown that the roughness induced interactions between the organic matrix and aragonite platelet, represented in the model by asperity elements, play a key role in strength and toughness of abalone nacre. The highly nonlinear behaviour of the proposed multilayered material is the result of distributed deformation in the nacre-like structure due to the existence of nano-asperities and nanopillars with near theoretical strength. Finally, tensile toughness is studied as a function of the components in the microstructure of nacre.     

细菌纤维素在包装领域的研究进展

目的 将来源于自然的细菌纤维素作为包装材料应用于包装领域,以取代传统的塑料包装材料.方法 综述近几年细菌纤维素在包装领域的研究与应用现状,介绍细菌纤维素的基本培育过程、改性技术和制备方法,阐述细菌纤维素在包装领域的研究与应用.结果 细菌纤维素通过层层组装、聚合、联接等方式,可与多种聚合物高效复合,形成不同微观尺寸和结构特性的纤维素基多孔复合材料,从而改善其力学性能和物理性能,并可调控其阻隔性能和抗菌灭菌性能.常用细菌纤维模式为纳米细菌纤维和纳米细菌晶须.结论 细菌纤维素材料及其复合材料完全可以替代塑料用于包装领域,在食品包装和智能包装上的研究和应用前景较大.     

Calcite as a bone substitute. Comparison with hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate with regard to the osteoblastic activity

Close to the bone mineral phase, the calcic bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), are commonly used as substitutes or filling materials in bone surgery. Besides, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is also used for their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, the problem with the animal-origin aragonite demands the new technique to synthesize pure calcite capable of forming 3D bone implant. This study aims to manufacture and evaluate a highly-pure synthetic crystalline calcite with good cytocompatibility regarding to the osteoblasts, comparing to that of HA and β-TCP. After the manufacture of macroporous bioceramic scaffolds with the identical internal architecture, their cytocompatibility is studied through MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts with the tests of cell viability, proliferation, vitality, etc. The results confirmed that the studied process is able to form a macroporous material with a controlled internal architecture, and this synthesized calcite is non-cytotoxic and facilitate the cell proliferation. Indeed requiring further improvement, the studied calcite is definitely an interesting alternative not only to coralline aragonite but also to calcium phosphate ceramics, particularly in bone sites with the large bone remodelling.     

硫酸钙晶须制备机理及技术研究进展

硫酸钙晶须作为一种新型无机材料在建材、医药、塑料、橡胶等行业都具有广阔的应用前景。结合本课题组在硫酸钙晶须材料研究领域的工作,总结了近年来硫酸钙晶须材料的研究进展,主要介绍了硫酸钙晶体的几种形态以及水分子在硫酸钙晶体中的存在形态;探讨了硫酸钙晶须的制备机理;分析了硫酸钙晶须的制备技术及其结晶过程中的各种影响因素,最后总结分析了该领域的发展趋势和急需解决的问题。     

超声马达涂层摩擦材料研究

超声马达是一种依靠摩擦力驱动的新型驱动器,摩擦材料对超声马达的性能有重要的影响.以环氧树脂为基体,选择MoS2粉、晶须和Cu粉为填料,利用表面粘涂法制备了两种规格的涂层摩擦材料试样,研究了填料含量对涂层摩擦材料摩擦学性能及硬度的影响;借助正交设计和回归分析实验方法,研制出一种基本满足超声马达使用要求的涂层摩擦材料.在超声马达摩擦特性模拟试验装置上考察了涂层摩擦材料厚度对超声马达性能的影响.研究表明,在本文的实验条件下,当涂层摩擦材料厚度为1mm时,超声马达具有较好性能.     

Mg2+ content control of aragonite whisker synthesised from calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide in presence of magnesium chloride

Abstract

This research is concerned with thermodynamic control of inorganic whisker synthesis in existence of some additives. The polymorphism and morphology control of calcium carbonate (CC) is an active research area because of wide applications of CC. Magnesium chloride has been used to improve the formation of aragonite whisker synthesised from Ca(OH)₂ and CO₂. However, the reaction kinetics and the purity of final products affected by MgCl₂ have not been theoretically studied. In the present research quantitative thermodynamic calculation showed that MgCl₂ can decrease relative supersaturation by several orders of magnitude and so is favourable to the formation of aragonite. High reactant ratio of MgCl₂/Ca(OH)₂ will give a marked decrease in pH within the transformation of Ca(OH)₂ into Mg(OH)₂, but a small decrease in pH in the following CaCO₃ formation, which is disadvantageous to the control of the synthesis with pH. Both solid Mg(OH)₂ and MgCO₃ may exist in aragonite product, but can be avoided by pH control. Maximum MgCO₃ content in aragonite product is <1·00 wt-% and MgCO₃ can be removed by slightly decreasing pH using excessive CO₂ adsorption, which will result in a negligible decrease in Ca²⁺ conversion and an increase in carbonate ion concentration. High carbonate ion concentration, unfortunately, is disadvantageous to the reuse of MgCl₂ solution. The present study gives a guidance of synthesising aragonite in the presence of inorganic salts such as MgCl₂.     

明胶及其在生物材料中的应用

明胶是一种天然的高分子材料,其理化性质、生物学性能研究表明其是制造生物医用材料的良好基材.总结了明胶的结构和性质,综述了明胶在生物医用材料中的应用,指出了当明胶与其他生物材料复合时,明胶基生物材料在医学领域有着广阔的应用前景.