Effects of the metal sheathed cables upon the performances of thedistribution substations grounding systems

A model for the analysis of the performances of the grounding systems of distribution substations in underground cable networks with uncoated metal sheathed cables is suggested. The model derived is utilized to analyze the effects of cable sheaths on the ground fault current distribution, on the potentials transferred to the consumers' substations, and on the touch- and step-voltages that could appear in the cable network area fed from the source substation. Several typical cases are studied, and some general diagrams for assessing the effects of cables on the main grounding system performances are displayed. The proposed model takes into account mutual interaction among cable sheaths and substation ground electrode elements through the soil and the voltage drops along the cable sheaths. The analysis of the typical cases has shown that the metal sheathed cables might considerably affect the grounding system parameters and that, therefore, they must be properly taken into consideration     

A proposal for ground measurement techniques in substations fedexclusively by power cables

It was previously reported that when a fault to ground occurs in a substation fed exclusively by power cables, around 98% of the fault current can flow along the cable sheaths and auxiliary underground conductors, producing no local potential rise. This can modify greatly the results of ground measurements carried out in this type of substation, unless special care is taken and correction factors are suitably applied. The authors extend the experience gained during those measurement and determine a set of procedures that allow ground measurements to be made in substations fed solely by power cables. They set forth basic requirements for the measuring circuits and for handling the measured data. They then discuss power cable sheath characteristics in some step-down urban substations and ground measurement strategy for such substations     

基于护层电流构建新型判据的高压输电电缆在线监测

为及时发现高压电缆交叉互联接地系统中的故障问题,基于电缆金属护层首末两端的接地电流,构造了一种新型判据来实现电缆故障的分类与定位。该方法通过测量电缆交叉互联主段首末两端直接接地箱中金属护层接地电流的幅值与相位,并以同一金属护层回路首末两端接地电流幅值与相位的比值、以不同金属护层回路首末两端接地电流相位差的绝对值构造新的特征量,根据多维特征融合建立故障判据对应的特征量矩阵,以此进行故障诊断。分析了电缆中间接头开路、交叉互联接地箱进水和中间接头短路等常见的电缆故障,并通过仿真验证了新型故障判据的可行性,为高压电缆线路故障的在线监测提供了新的方法。     

Determination of the reduction factor for feeding cable lines consisting of three single-core cables

The paper presents an original analytical procedure for the determination of the ground fault current distribution in the cases when a feeding line is composed of three single-core cables. The procedure takes into account the existence of all three cable sheaths as the return path for the ground-fault current. The reduction factor for these types of cables as given by the cable manufacturer takes into consideration only the existence of the metal sheath of a faulted single-core cable. As a consequence of that, the estimations of the safety conditions (step and touch voltages) on the grounding systems of the supplied stations are too severe. For the high-voltage cables, a certain, sufficiently low reduction factor achieved by an increase of the sheath cross-section can be demanded from the manufacturer. In both cases, too conservative values for the reduction factor lead to unnecessary expenditures. The quantitative analysis performed in this paper shows that the reduction factor for three single-core cables belonging to the same line is significantly lower in comparison to the situation when each of these cables is treated separately.     

高压交联聚乙烯电力电缆的选择

主要从电缆导体、金属护套、外护套等方面对高压XLPE电力电缆的选择作了讨论，同时对XLPE电力电缆金属屏蔽层的接地方式及电缆敷设方式进行了分析。     

高压单芯电缆单相接地故障护套过电压特性仿真分析

高压单芯电力电缆在敷设过程中,为了限制感应电压、增加单段电缆长度、减少中间接头数量,金属护套层往往采用交叉互联接地.若电力电缆发生单相接地故障,在交叉互联点会感应出较高的过电压,影响电缆使用寿命.对此利用电磁暂态软件EMTP,研究了在单相接地故障情况下高压单芯电缆金属护套过电压特性,分析了电缆整体排列方式、接地电阻、负荷性质、交叉互联各小段电缆长度以及混合排列方式对金属护套过电压的影响程度.研究结果表明:电缆整体排列方式、交叉互联各小段电缆长度和混合排列方式对金属护套过电压的影响较大;接地电阻和负荷性质对感应过电压的影响较小.     

大连城网规划中网架与设备选用原则探讨

为城网改造，结合大连电业局配电网架实际，描述了电缆，架空网2种网架，电缆网几个中心开关站相串接，每个开关站从不同变电所的母线或同一变电所的不同母线取得电源，架空线主网架在不同变电所之间，用2－3个分段形关握手互连。使用环网柜和电缆相结合的方式解决了原有架空网下地问题。根据高可靠性和高互连性的原则，对中低压配电网接线原则做了相关的讨论，并就大连配电网提出了选用设备的一些原则。     

对中压配电网中性点接地方式的研究

分析了武汉地区中压电网中性点接地方式的现状，包括经消弧线圈接地、小电阻接地及不接地方式。在电力系统中，应根据配电网的绝缘水平，电网电容电流的大小选择不同的接地方式。对于以电缆线路为主的城市栩电网，电容电流超过100A时，中性点应以低电阻接地方式为宜。以架空线为主的配电网，一般采用中性点经消弧线圈接地方式。对一些重要枢纽变电站，运行方式变化频繁，中性点与电容电流超过50A时，应采用低电阻接地方式。     

500 kV高压单芯电缆并联运行关键技术研究

随着线路负荷的不断上升,越来越多的单芯电缆线路采用同相多根并联的运行方式,而并联回路电流如何均匀分配始终是制约电缆同相并联运行的关键问题.通过对同相并联电缆等效电路的建模,推导了高压单芯电缆并联运行方式下各并联回路序阻抗的关系方程,并通过理论推导得出"镜像"布置方案可实现同相并联电缆间互阻抗相等,从而使同相并联电缆获得...     

高压单芯电缆线路入地电流分流系数研究

电力工程接地设计时,为使接触电势满足规范要求,一般要考虑架空地线分流影响,尽量降低入地电流大小,从而降低地网电位升.现有接地设计规范提供配电装置采用架空线路出线时的架空地线分流系数计算公式,但对于高压电缆线路出线,电缆金属护层的入地电流分流系数未提供计算依据.本文基于某项目400 kV电缆线路,对电缆金属护层的入地电流...     

变电站接地网上两点间电位差的特性

随着变电站的智能化发展,大量二次设备分布式布置于高压一次设备附近.这些二次设备的外壳就地与接地网连接.当故障电流注入接地网导致地电位升时,在接地网上两点之间存在电位差.对于2个由二次电缆连接的二次设备,该电位差可以在二次电缆端口感应共模和差模骚扰电压,严重时影响到二次系统的正常稳定运行.针对某220kV变电站接地网,计...     

Grounding effects of HV and MV underground cables associated withurban distribution substations

This paper derives a model for the evaluation of the performances of composite grounding systems of urban main distribution substations and associated power cable networks. The effects of the cables upon the dangerous voltages, transferred potentials and ground fault current distribution are encompassed including the conductive and magnetic coupling among grounding system elements, as well as the nonlinearity of cables sheaths impedances. An application example is presented, as are some experimental data     

乙丙橡胶在我国中高压电缆中的应用

简介了乙丙橡胶在国内外中高压电缆中应用的情况,论述了中高压乙丙橡胶电缆料的设计和生产的关键,以及国内自主开发的乙丙橡胶电缆料在中压橡胶绝缘电缆上的应用。     

配电系统中性点接地方式的分析

配电系统中性点接地方式有不接地、经消弧线圈接地和经电阻接地等，各种方式各有其优缺点，应根据具体情况通过技术经济比较确定。对于电缆和架空线混合线路，究竟采用经消弧线圈接地还是经电阻接地一直颇有争议。章针对苏州市新区２个变电站的１０ｋＶ出线具体情况，从供电可靠性、内过电压、对通信线的干扰、继电保护以及确保人身安全诸方面进行分析，认为在这２个变电站的１０ｋＶ系统中采用中性点经电阻接地是适宜的。     

150-kV and 110-kV XLPE submarine cable installations betweenMorcote and Brusino, Switzerland

The installation of an underwater cable connection in Lake Lugano is described. The cable routing, choice of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as the cable insulation, grounding system, laying methods, protection conduits, cable laying, and accessories are discussed. The submarine described has operated without incident since being placed in service in 1985. The three circuits described, which represent an innovation in submarine cables from both a product and an installation point of view, show that XLPE, when properly manufactured and used with the proper cable construction (a hermetically sealed metallic sheath), can be used as a reliable insulating material even when installed directly in water     

大段长高压电缆护层保护器暂态特性分析与参数优化设计

大段长高压电缆在运行时会产生过高的护层感应电压,这对电缆护层保护器的过电压防护特性提出了更高要求,因此需要针对大段长电缆护层保护器暂态特性进行分析研究。基于PSCAD仿真软件,建立了典型220 kV高压电缆线路仿真模型,得出了在短路过电压和雷击过电压情况下,高压电缆长度对护层感应电压暂态特性的影响。通过绝缘配合与能量保护相结合的方式,得到了保护器参数取值范围及电缆线路短路电流与长度的适配曲线,提出了护层保护器参数优化设计的具体方法,并进行了试验测试。测试结果表明:当电缆线路出现短路故障时,随着电缆长度的增加,护层感应电压先线性增长,随后在保护器残压阈值的限制作用下逐渐趋于"饱和"状态,现有保护器能量吸收能力难以满足大段长电缆需求;改进后的护层保护器能量吸收能力显著提升,20 k A短路电流时允许的电缆长度大幅提高,满足大段长高压电缆线路安全运行的要求。     

复杂接地系统冲击接地特性的数值计算及试验

为抑制变电站开关操作时产生的瞬态电磁场对站内二次设备的干扰,通常将二次电缆的屏蔽层双端接地。而雷击变电站接地网时,由于接地网的高频接地阻抗较大,在屏蔽层的两个接地点会产生很大的地电位差,这一电位差将通过二次电缆的转移阻抗耦合至二次设备,影响二次设备的正常工作。将矩量法与传输线理论相结合,将无穷远处视为零电位参考点,提出了分析复杂接地系统冲击接地特性的理论计算模型,该计算模型在频率不高或电缆长度较短的情况下,可简化为集中参数电路模型。为验证计算模型的正确性,还在试验接地网上进行了冲击接地试验,理论计算与测量结果比较吻合。该计算模型及方法可用于实际变电站接地网的冲击接地特性研究以及二次电缆电磁干扰的数值预测。     

Electrical stress enhancement of contaminants in XLPE insulation used for power cables

The use of XLPE as the insulation for power cables has grown steadily since it first introduction more than 30 years ago. Today XLPE is rapidly becoming the preferred insulation system for even the highest transmission voltages. This preference is due to the high reliability, low dielectric losses, and low environmental impact that can be achieved with XLPE. The positive effects of high quality insulation materials on improved cable performance have been well known since the start of cable making. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the technical background for the cleanliness levels and to quantify the level of performance required from clean materials. The advantages of clean insulation materials are seen at all voltages. However, this work focuses on the technical basis for the benefits for HV and EHV cables, which typically are designed with a water impervious layer to ensure that the cable remains dry throughout its entire lifetime. The presence of metallic contaminants in MV cable is known to enhance the growth of trees by raising the electric stress level locally. The singular impact of cleanliness on the performance of MV cables is somewhat more complicated as it is influenced both by the cleanliness of the insulation and the ability of the insulation material to resist the growth of water trees.     

Grounding techniques and induced surge voltage on the controlsignal cables

Accurate operation of the metering, control and protective equipment in a substation relies on dependable input signals. The surge-induced voltage on the control signal cables during a transient is always of concern to electrical power engineers. However, due to limited space, there are many different kinds of circuits close to each other in an electric power substation. Any switching operation or lightning strike at a substation can cause serious transients with high-frequency oscillatory waveforms to spread through high-voltage circuits, which, in turn, may give rise to a transient electromagnetic field in the substation. If a signal control cable runs for some distance in parallel with high-voltage buses, a significant amount of voltage may be induced. The control, protection or measurement equipment connected in the low-voltage circuits, in turn, become exposed to these transients. A method of induced voltage calculation is presented in this paper. The mathematical model of a substation is implemented in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) to study the induced voltage during transients. The simulation results are compared with field testing results. A recommended grounding practice with the support of computer simulation and field testing results is also included in this paper