微乳化柴油制备及其节油率与稳定时间的研究

用烷基苯磺酸钠、失水山梨醇油酸酯和MOA多元复配乳化剂制备了微乳化柴油。此柴油微乳液粒径在60 nm左右,乳液颗粒分布均匀,且实验重复性好。在温度为45℃,搅拌时间为60 min,乳化剂质量分数为4%,水质量分数为15%条件下,对制得的微乳化柴油的十六烷值、闪点、黏度等理化性能指标进行了测定,均满足0#普通柴油国标标准。通过柴油发电机组台架试验,微乳化柴油最高节油率约为7.5%,比纯柴油烟度降低83.1%,NOx排放量比纯柴油降低86.5%。研究了该微乳化柴油的热稳定性,通过微乳化柴油高温稳定时间(80℃)与常温稳定时间之间的近似关系推得其常温稳定时间。此种方法相对于传统测定常温稳定时间的方法而言,可节省大量检测时间。经实验证明,高温稳定时间在30 min以上的柴油微乳液,可以储存1年以上。     

对接型销双向斜抽芯注塑模设计

给出了灯罩注塑模实用结构。该模具型芯由主型芯和副型芯组成，采用将副型芯推出方法实现塑件内侧壁凹槽抽芯，在塑件倾斜通孔处采用对接型销双向分型斜抽芯。既满足制品的成型和抽芯要求，又省去了斜抽芯和水平抽芯机构，模具结构紧凑，脱型可靠，成型塑件质量好。     

聚氯乙烯/粉煤灰复合材料的制备与性能研究

制备了聚氯乙烯/粉煤灰复合材料,研究了粉煤灰的不同表面处理方式对共混物的力学性能和耐温性能的影响。结果表明:湿法处理粉煤灰的效果最好,不做处理的效果最差;粉煤灰会降低PVC材料的缺口冲击强度;添加5份处理过的粉煤灰可以提高PVC材料的拉伸强度;添加粉煤灰可以提高PVC材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量,同时,耐温性也有一定的提高。     

弱酸性阴离子交换纤维吸附钼（Ⅵ）的性能研究

研究了弱酸性阴离子交换纤维对钼（Ⅵ）的吸附性能,考察了酸度、温度和时间等因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明在pH为3时吸附性能最好,离子交换纤维对钼（Ⅵ）的吸附以液膜扩散为主,交换速度很快,30 min即可达到吸附饱和,吸附速率常数为0.231 s-1,离子交换过程服从Freundlish等温式,温度和流速影响动态吸附性能,使得穿透曲线和穿透时间发生改变,具有吸附速度快、吸附量大的优点,且解吸性能良好,可以进行再生使用。     

合成纤维产业现状和未来发展方向

叙述了国内外合成纤维工业的发展现状,指出世界范围内正在展开的新一轮竞争的主要特点,合成纤维的生产和消费中心已转移至中国,中国合成纤维市场消费持续增长,未来受到制约。分析了合成纤维技术进步的主要进展状况,生产趋向于大型化和柔性化,品种开发向高新技术纤维领域发展。提出了未来符合可持续发展方向的生产工艺和产品品种。     

硅胶负载氧化锆除氟吸附剂的制备

应用浸渍法制备了硅胶负载氧化锆除氟吸附剂,用正交实验设计安排实验,获得了最佳制备条件。讨论了制备条件如浸渍固液比、浸渍液浓度和温度、浸渍时间和浸渍次数的影响。浸渍液固液比对吸附剂吸附量有较大影响。浸渍液浓度大于0.10 mol/L后吸附剂的吸附量增加缓慢。浸渍2 h后可达到浸渍平衡。浸渍温度高则吸附量变大,多次浸渍可较大幅度地提高吸附量。     

光固化低黏度环氧丙烯酸酯的合成与性能研究

合成了可紫外光固化的低黏度环氧丙烯酸酯树脂,通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱对树脂结构进行了表征;采用综合热分析仪(DSC-TG)对树脂固化膜的耐热性能进行了分析。结果表明,在树脂中添加活性单体时,随单体官能度的增加,固化膜的耐热性能增加,但双官能团单体的用量对固化膜的耐热性能没有明显影响。固化膜具有较好的耐热性,初始分解温度为330.7℃,玻璃化转变温度为76.9℃。所得树脂黏度仅为3~4Pa.s(60℃),为市售产品的1/3,附着力1级,硬度4 H,耐水性能优异,无需添加单体使用。     

杀螨剂的进展与展望

回顾了农用杀螨剂发展历史,介绍了各个发展阶段的代表性品种及其性能,分析了螨类对现有杀螨剂产生抗性的现状,阐述了近期杀螨剂品种的发展趋势,并展望了未来杀螨剂开发的方向。     

Effects of interphase conditions on the tensile and fatigue properties of short-fiber reinforced rubber

The effects of the amount of nylon-66 short-fiber and its bonding to a chloroprene rubber were studied. The following results were obtained: (a) The tensile strength of short-fiber reinforced rubber (SFRR) exhibits a dilution effect in each interphase. It was found that the interphase conditions have an important effect on the dilution ratio and the critical fiber content. The specimen with double coatings of the bonding agent and a rubber solution, becomes the best of 5 interphase models. Both the yield strength and tensile moduli significantly improve with fiber content. (b) The spring constant (SC) of unreinforced rubber decreases after the fatigue test, however, the SC of all reinforced rubbers increases. The change in SC of reinforced rubber decreases with fiber content. The better the interphase condition, the smaller the change of the SC. (c) The temperature of rubber increases about 2.6 fold after the fatigue test. The reinforced rubbers show a 1.4 to 2.2 fold increase in temperature. The temperature changes during the fatigue test of the reinforced rubbers decrease with increasing fiber content, as well as with improved interphase bonding.     

提高建筑石膏抗折强度和表面硬度的研究

考察了熟石灰、三聚氰胺、聚乙烯醇、反应助剂等外加剂对建筑石膏制品抗折强度和表面硬度的影响.结果表明,熟石灰添加量在0～10%时,随着熟石灰添加量增加,硬化浆体的抗折强度随之稍有降低,但表面硬度随之增大.三聚氰胺添加量为2%时,建筑石膏硬化浆体的抗折强度最高.三聚氰胺添加量为4%时,建筑石膏硬化浆体的表面硬度最高.聚乙烯醇的适宜添加量为0.8%.反应助剂的添加量大于3%时,建筑石膏硬化浆体抗折强度和表面硬度随反应助剂添加量的增加呈现出相反的变化趋势.SEM表明,外加剂使二水石膏晶体的形貌和排列发生了明显的变化,微观结晶体以针状和柱状为主,晶体间相互紧密搭接构成致密的网状结构,且晶体排列整齐,气孔分布均一,试样抗折强度和表面硬度均比较高.     

Pb、Bi连续测定综合实验设计

对Pb、Bi连续测定中的Pb、Bi废液采用Na2S沉淀,HNO3溶解后配制成分析溶液,将原来的分析实验设计成集回收和测定于一体的综合实验,使Pb、Bi溶液可以循环利用,解决了废液排放造成的Pb污染和试剂消耗,实现了化学实验的绿色化,达到了综合训练的目的。     

PA6切片萃取动力学研究

分析了PA6切片萃取过程中萃取水温度、萃取浴比、搅拌等对萃取效果的影响,进行了荤取动力学模拟。结果表明:萃取温度是影响萃取效果的主要因素,搅拌对萃取效果的影响不大。动力学参数随着萃取温度的升高而增加;参数值越大,可萃取物的浓度也越大,平衡线斜率随温度呈指数增加。PA6萃取动力学模拟公式和实验数据拟合性好,可通过萃取动力学实验为工业萃取塔的设计提供理论依据。     

固体返料气流-流化组合干燥器的湿含量分布

分析了固体返料气流 -流化组合式干燥器出口粒子湿含量分布特性 ,建立了湿含量分布密度函数 ,并就硫酸亚铁的干燥过程进行了模拟计算 结果表明 ,具有降速段的流化床干燥器的优化设计 ,除了应满足干燥过程的热量供求平衡并由此确定流化床底面积外 .还应满足 :①保证湿分传质汽化所需的停留干燥时间 ,应根据干燥所需的平均停留时间来确定流化床容积 ;②控制湿含量的分散程度 ,应由干燥产品的均匀性指标来确定流化床室数 .     

从二十一世纪高分子科学的发展谈漆酶与生漆研究的方向

本文作者从高分子化学角度提出下一世纪漆酶与生漆化学发展研究方向的建议,如下: 1.新漆酶的制备与重建。2.新型化学活性与生物活性聚合物的制备。3.用新的支持物制备漆酶。4.新的漆酶的合成。5.漆酚的新的光敏聚合。6。漆酚的光化学与新型半导体物的合成。     

Sustained Release of Metoprolol Tartarate from Radiation-Grafted pH-Responsive Hydrogels

pH-responsive hydrogels composed of methacrylic acid (MAA) grafted on poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PEO-PVP) network were made by electron beam irradiation technique. The grafting was carried out at various concentrations of MAA with different irradiation doses. The gels were characterized by IR, DSC and SEM techniques. The swelling behavior of the gels was studied under different pH conditions. The swelling parameters were evaluated. The mode of water diffusion into the gels was found to be structure-dependent. The pH responsiveness of the gels was evident from the enhanced swelling of the gels with increasing pH of the medium. The suitability of these gels as matrix materials for stimuli-responsive sustained-release drug formulations was studied. The in vitro release profile of an antihypertensive drug, metoprolol tartarate, from these gels was studied at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The extent of drug release is found to be pH-dependent. The data were analyzed to understand the mechanism of drug release from the gels. The gels exhibited diffusion-controlled release behavior. Drug release kinetic analysis indicated “first order” release where the amount of drug released is dependent on the matrix drug load and the value of the diffusion coefficient indicated anomalous diffusion.     

Morphology and Property of Calcium Silicate Encapsulated with Alginate Beads

The alginate beads encapsulating calcium silicate were prepared. The morphologies and properties of the encapsulated beads were investigated. The beads were prepared by mixing modified calcium silicate with vinyltriethoxysilane in an alginate solution. The alginate-calcium silicate dispersion was dropped into a calcium chloride solution. The mean particle size of the resulting beads depended on the content of modified calcium silicate in alginate solution. In addition, the shape of the alginate gel was controlled by the viscosity of the alginate solution. The result showed that the calcium silicate particles were well dispersed within the matrix of the alginate. The thermal stability of the alginate beads encapsulating the calcium silicate increased with increasing the content of modified calcium silicate.     

挤出生产中周期波动的数据处理

通过分析连续测量的挤出棒材直径的数据,给出棒材直径尺寸波动的数学模型,通过最小二乘拟合方法找到适合数学模型的参数;对比测量数据和拟合后的尺寸波动的数据,验证了数学模型的正确性;给出了以一个波动周期为单位采集的数据,找到了在棒材挤出生产中应用统计过程控制的方法.     

直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

综述了质子交换膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的作用和要求,目前质子交换膜的研究进展,重点介绍了适用于直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的各种材料的改性方法。按照物理和化学两种方法对几类质子交换膜材料进行改性。同时对比了改性前和改性后各种聚合物膜的物性特点。     

First-Principles Investigation on Electronic Transport Properties of Tungsten Nitride Nanoribbon Based Molecular Device

The electronic transport property of tungsten nitride nanoribbon-based molecular device is investigated using density functional theory. The study on electronic transport properties are discussed in terms of device density of states and transmission spectrum of the nanoribbon. The scattering region of the nanoribbon is placed between the electrodes. For different bias voltages, the transport properties are studied. The contribution due to various orbitals leads to the peak maximum in device density of states. The transmission spectrum and transmission pathway provides insight to the transmission of charge under various bias conditions. The maximum peak in the transmission spectrum corresponds to the variation in transmission of charge with different bias voltage. The reported results will pave the way to improve the performance in the field of nanoelectronics.     

板式螺旋桨搅拌槽内的流场及其流动特性

以板式螺旋桨叶轮为例,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪测量了直径为300 mm的平底圆筒搅拌槽内的流场;分析了时均速度、脉动速度及湍流动能的分布,以及叶轮离底间隙变化和挡板对流场的影响。结果表明:随离底间隙增大,叶轮区脉动速度和湍流动能增大,时均速度和脉动速度最大值位置向槽中心方向移动;主循环区轴向速度最大值随离底间隙增大而减小;叶轮区湍流动能较高,随离底间隙增大,湍流动能最大值增大,位置靠近叶轮端部;挡板阻碍槽内切向流动,影响湍流动能的分布,挡板前流场反映了叶轮区的湍流动能分布。