Evaluation of Shoulder Muscular Fatigue Induced During VDT Tasks

This study was designed to evaluate localized muscular fatigue induced during visual display terminal (VDT) tasks. In the experimental paradigm used, electromyography (EMG) signals were not recorded during the VDT task but during isometric contractions in which the load imposed on the shoulder muscle was kept constant. The change in mean power frequency (MPF) and the root mean square values of EMG signals with time were explored. The correspondence between these measures and the psychological rating of localized muscular fatigue also were examined. The effectiveness of the experimental paradigm and of the measures used for evaluation of localized muscular fatigue are discussed. MPF measured during isometric contraction was found to be a sensitive measure of localized muscular fatigue.     

The Impacts of Visual Display Units Used for Highly Cognitive Tasks on Learning Curve Models

This paper compares progress (learning) curves for a task that requires high manual dexterity where information is obtained from a video display unit (VDU) to a manual assembly line task. Sixteen volunteer subjects either assembled peg-boards or performed a task on a VDU. Subjects were randomly assigned to a task or control group for each task. Each subject performed their assigned task for approximately two hours. The peg-board assembly simulated a very low cognitive but highly manual task, and the VDU task simulated a high technological industrial operation. There were no statistical differences in learning between the control and test group for either task. The progress curve rates were 95 percent for the pegboard and 91 percent for the VDU. Steady states for the peg-board and VDU tasks were reached at the 25th and 30th iterations respectively. Subjects then were tested four weeks later. During this 28 day period the test group refrained from participating in any activity that would approximate their assigned task. The control group maintained proficiency by practicing 45 minutes per week. There was no difference between the control and test groups for the peg-board task. Thus, there was no significant forgetting. However, there was a significant difference between the control and test groups for the video task. For the control group (VDU) the cycle time for the first iteration was reduced by 68.0 percent. The group's progress curve rate was 97.4 percent and steady state was reached at the 23rd iteration. Though the test group did improve their cycle time for the first iteration, it was only 33 percent of the control group's improvement. The test group's progress curve rate was 94.5 percent and steady state was reached at the 33rd iteration. This significant difference between the two curves is explained by forgetting. The forgetting rate decrease in learning for the VDU was 3.2 percent. This rate gradually decreased until the 45th iteration where there was no significant differences in cycle time between the two groups. Thus, forgetting occurs in the earlier iterations. To maintain its competitive edge in the world marketplace, industry has begun to implement many processes that rely heavily on VDUs. Inherent in these processes are shorter production runs and multiple set-ups. Traditional curves developed from low cognitive tasks do not reflect the forgetting that occurs in more typical modern industrial tasks. This impacts on industrial engineers and production managers whose operations require information obtained from VDUs. To set standard times for these type tasks, more consideration should be given to forgetting rather than relying totally on the more traditional models.     

A Proposal to Extend the OpenMP Tasking Model with Dependent Tasks

Tasking in OpenMP 3.0 has been conceived to handle the dynamic generation of unstructured parallelism. New directives have been added allowing the user to identify units of independent work (tasks) and to define points to wait for the completion of tasks (task barriers). In this document we propose extensions to allow the runtime detection of dependencies between generated tasks, broading the range of applications that can benefit from tasking or improving the performance when load balancing or locality are critical issues for performance. The proposed extensions are evaluated on a SGI Altix multiprocessor architecture using a couple of small applications and a prototype runtime system implementation.     

在终端应用服务协议中图形终端界面显示的实现

研究了智能应用服务协议中的关键技术——图形终端界面显示技术，在综合相关领域已有的研究成果的基础上，在RASP上设计和实现了图形终端界面的屏幕更新策略和编码方法，提出了一种优化的编码方法。     

再谈可视编程环境下BMP文件的显示和保存

本文研究提出了Windows位图文件读取显示和存盘的一种实用技术方法。特定的图像处理工作中．有时需要快捷的读取显示和存储图像数据，无必要使用代码庞大的DIB或DDB类来解决使用者的特定算法。位图文件是可视编程环境中最基本的基础图像格式，因此，文章在分析了住图的基本特点后，给出了在Win32IDE环境下或者在Visual C＋＋环境下实现这种要求的方法。结果表明，保存和显示方法原理清晰，易于不同可视编程环境实现。     

陆战主战武器作战效能指数等效分析方法

对不同类陆战主战武器系统的作战效能进行客观的等效分析,是主战武器系统作战效能指数评估的困难所在。为合理地解决这一难题,提出了“灰关联综合修正的典型目标——火力空间等效法”,该法采用表征典型目标毁伤特征的客观可测指标计算“典型目标——火力等效系数”,增强了模型的客观性和可信性,得出了比其他方法更为合理的武器系统效能指数结果,为进行宏观、快速的作战辅助决策分析和作战仿真奠定了客观基础。     

再谈可视编程环境下BMP文件的显示和保存

本文研究提出了Windows位图文件读取显示和存盘的一种实用技术方法。特定的图像处理工作中,有时需要快捷的读取显示和存储图像数据,无必要使用代码庞大的DIB或DDB类来解决使用者的特定算法。位图文件是可视编程环境中最基本的基础图像格式,因此,文章在分析了位图的基本特点后,给出了在Win32IDE环境下或者在VisualC 环境下实现这种要求的方法。结果表明,保存和显示方法原理清晰,易于不同可视编程环境实现。     

用DELPHI6实现雷达的显示控制终端

该文介绍,用高级编程语言DELPHI6实现的某型雷达数据显示／控制终端,详细给出了设计要求、程序的总体结构和各模块的结构,特别介绍了在DELPHI中嵌入汇编语言来实现对计算机并口的读写操作,具有高速、实时的特点,能通过增强并行口(EPP)模式实时完成雷达数据的显示和控制参数的下传。     

SymGeons: A Prototype Model of Visual Complexity with Implications For Visual Control Tasks

The way in which humans perceive and react to visual complexity is an important issue in many areas of research and application, particularly because simplification of complex matter can lead to better understanding of both human behaviour in visual control tasks as well as the visual environment itself. One area of interest is how people perceive their world in terms of complexity and how this can be modelled mathematically and/or computationally. A prototype model of complexity has been derived using subcomponents called ‘SymGeons’ (Symmetrical Geometric Icons) based on Biederman’s original Geon Model for human perception. The SymGeons are primitive shapes which constitute foreground objects. This paper outlines the derivation and ongoing development of the ‘SymGeon’ model and how it compares to human perception of visual complexity. The application of the model to understanding complex human-in-the-loop problems associated with visual remote control operations, e.g. control of remotely operated vehicles, is discussed.     

基于FPGA的千兆以太网终端显示系统的设计

VGA（视频图像阵列）作为一种标准的显示接口得到广泛应用;千兆以太网具有传输速度快、传输距离远、稳定可靠等优点,是当前嵌入式系统的应用热点;FPGA拥有丰富的逻辑和光脚资源,常用于高速数据处理和通信的嵌入式系统。文中结合以上三点,介绍了基于FPGA的千兆以太网终端显示系统的设计。通过对该系统方案进行分析,将设计分为3个模块：数据包接收及解析模块、双口RAM缓存模块和VGA控制器模块。文中详细介绍了这3个模块的设计方法,并在此技术上实现了3个模块协同工作完成整个系统的功能,并给出了系统仿真结果和显示效果。     

Flash应用程序在移动端的显示效率研究

移动端应用程序的开发目前很流行,但在丰富用户体验的要求下,其显示效率的优化是非常关键的。主要针对目前基于flash平台进行移动端应用程序开发的显示效率问题进行研究,并给出Blitting技术、Stage3D技术的实现原理、思路和效果分析,不同的实现方法有着不同的适用场合。     

基于ARM+FPGA的远程显示终端设计

为了有效解决嵌入式显示终端实时性和高分辨率的问题,提出了一种基于ARM+ FPGA的远程显示终端设计;本设计采用RS485总线实现远程通信,由ARM获取图像数据,FPGA控制数据存储和VGA显示;为了有效解决图像数据刷新与显示的同步,提高系统实时性,提出了一种多主机交替访问SRAM的分时复用技术;基于FPGA构建了VGA控制器,实现了远程终端的高分辨率显示;在通信距离1 km、SRAM容量512k x 16Bits的条件下,实现了图像数据刷新速度为40 MHz、分辨率为800*600 (60 Hz)的VGA显示,图像无抖动、无花屏、稳定清晰、效果良好,很好地满足了嵌入式远程显示终端对实时性和高分辨率的需求.     

An Investigation of Visual Cues used to Create and Support Frames of Reference and Visual Search Tasks in Desktop Virtual Environments

Visual depth cues are combined to produce the essential depth and dimensionality of Desktop Virtual Environments (DVEs). This study discusses DVEs in terms of the visual depth cues that create and support perception of frames of references and accomplishment of visual search tasks. This paper presents the results of an investigation that identifies the effects of the experimental stimuli positions and visual depth cues: luminance, texture, relative height and motion parallax on precise depth judgements made within a DVE. Results indicate that the experimental stimuli positions significantly affect precise depth judgements, texture is only significantly effective for certain conditions, and motion parallax, in line with previous results, is inconclusive to determine depth judgement accuracy for egocentrically viewed DVEs. Results also show that exocentric views, incorporating relative height and motion parallax visual cues, are effective for precise depth judgements made in DVEs. The results help us to understand the effects of certain visual depth cues to support the perception of frames of references and precise depth judgements, suggesting that the visual depth cues employed to create frames of references in DVEs may influence how effectively precise depth judgements are undertaken.     

Predicting Visual Focus of Attention From Intention in Remote Collaborative Tasks

While shared visual space plays a very important role in remote collaboration on physical tasks, it is challenging and expensive to track users' focus of attention (FOA) during these tasks. In this paper, we propose to identify a user's FOA from his/her intention based on task properties, people's actions in the workspace, and conversational content. We employ a conditional Markov model to characterize a subject's FOA. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method using a collaborative laboratory task in which one partner (the helper) instructs another (the worker) on how to assemble online puzzles. We model a helper's FOA using task properties, workers' actions, and conversational content. The accuracy of the model ranged from 65.40% for puzzles with easy-to-name pieces to 74.25% for puzzles with more difficult-to-name pieces. The proposed model can be used to predicate a user's FOA in a remote collaborative task without tracking the user's eye gaze.      

基于车载GPS的嵌入式汉显终端的设计

本文提出的嵌入式汉显终端设计方案,涉及一种车载卫星定位系统,通过串口通信利用车载GPS终端提供的定位信息和GSM/GPRS无线通讯功能实现实时显示定位信息、车载电话、短信息及语音提示等功能,达到人机交互的目的,同时结合中心软件也能更好地实现车辆调度功能。     

基于嵌入式计算机的雷达系统显控终端软件设计

讨论了PC104-plus嵌入式计算机平台下,某新体制双基地雷达接收站显控终端软件的设计。介绍了系统的硬件组成．并详细介绍了显控软件的设计。显控软件采用面向对象技术,进行了人机界面和控制程序的开发。其中控制程序又分为串口通信模块、PC104-plus通信模块、多线程和同步模块、数据库模块。     

煤矿监测监控工作站显示终端的设计

提出了一种单片机显示终端结构电路的设计方法,讨论了电路中各个主要模块的结构以及应用方法和技巧。该显示终端实现了用户与煤矿监测监控工作站的交互以及用户与网络资源的交互。     

基于Visual Fortran实现电磁场动态模拟显示

利用Visual Fortran中的QuickWin框架进行了程序设计,结合电磁场下的有限时域差分算法,模拟了一维电磁场的动态实时显示.     

数字化视力检查仪的遥控显示系统设计

传统数字化视力检查仪的遥控器系统设计,存在按键操作复杂,可视化程度低等缺点,其原因主要采用键盘加红外构建遥控控制系统,在按键上印制简单图形显示对应的视标。文章提出一种无线智能遥控显示系统的设计方案,采用LCM液晶显示模块设计显示系统,选择AVR单片机为微控制器,通过ICCAVR语言编写控制程序,对液晶显示指令时序进行控制,从而达到按键响应和液晶提示协同工作,增加了人机交互的便利性和生动性,降低医生控制的复杂度,使视力检查更加灵活,简便。     

基于图像识别的嵌入式驾驶员疲劳监测终端设计

疲劳驾驶是导致车辆发生事故的一个主要因素.为了有效防止疲劳驾驶现象的发生,文章研究了一种采用图像识别对驾驶员疲劳状态检测判别的嵌入式监控终端设备.该设备以嵌入式芯片作为核心控制器,利用安装于驾驶台前上方的摄像头采集驾驶员的脸部图像,微处理器采用HOG-SVM算法识别脸部特征,采用灰度积分投影法来实现对图像中眼睛张开定位...