离子束介导外源DNA导入小麦后代变异系有关分析

离子束技术是一种有效的农作物诱变和介导转基因技术,本研究利用离子束介导转化选育到一批有价值的小麦变异材料.本文对变异材料的农艺性状、品质性状、种子醇溶蛋白图谱进行了深入分析.结果表明,变异材料的株高、主茎穗长、千粒重、叶片性状、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与对照相比都发生了明显的变化并达显著水平;变异材料种子醇溶蛋白谱带已发生了确切的变化,且某些材料已稳定,还有的材料醇溶蛋白谱带存在多态性,还在分离之中.研究结果表明离子束介导转基因技术可产生丰富的变异、创造新的种质资源,并为该技术在小麦育种上的应用提供理论依据.     

Flower color mutants induced by carbon ion beam irradiation of geranium(Pelargonium × hortorum,Bailey)

In an attempt to elucidate the biological effects and underlying mutations involving flower color in ornamental plants following carbon ion beam radiation,shoots of geranium were exposed at dosages of 0,10,15,30,and40 Gy,and one flower color mutant was obtained.The morphological characteristics,physiological aspects,and DNA polymorphisms between wild-type and flower color mutants were analyzed.The colors of petal,peduncle,pistil,and stamen of the mutant displayed significant differences compared to those of the wild-type.Compared to the original plants,the total anthocyanin content in the petals of the mutant significantly decreased,resulting in a light pink petal phenotype.DNA polymorphisms detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that the ratio of different bands between the wild-type and mutant reached up to 13.2%.The present study demonstrates that carbon ion beam irradiation is effective in inducing genomic variations,resulting in flower color geranium mutants within a relatively short period of time.Meanwhile,the developed flower-color mutants may be potentially used in future mutational research studies involving ornamental plants.     

激光诱变筛选呼吸缺陷型酵母及其发酵条件优化

本实验利用266nm激光作为诱变手段,对酿酒酵母YE0进行辐照诱变筛选呼吸缺陷型酵母,通过TTC（2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑）筛选和气相色谱法酒精测定,最终得到-株高葡萄糖转化率呼吸缺陷型酵母JB7。对该突变株进行鉴定和发酵条件优化,结果表明,接种量15％,发酵温度32℃,葡萄糖初始浓度25％,发酵72h后,酒精产量体积分数可达12．3％,葡萄糖转化率达到52．9％,分别比出发菌株的酒精产量（12．0％）和葡萄糖转化率（49．6％）有所提高。高于正常酵母的糖原利用率,显示了呼吸缺陷型酵母良好的应用前景。     

Study on Screening of TaGA2ox1 Mutants in Wheat by Ion Beam Irradiation

As a kind of mutagen, ion beam irradiation can create abundant biological mutations. A population of about 2000 lines was generated by irradiating dry wheat seeds of XiaoYan 81 with low-energy nitrogen ion beams. The traits of the plant, such as height, spike type, fertility, stem color and awn length, were investigated. The mutation rate in terms of the plant height in M2 was 2.9%. Eighteen deletion mutants of TaGA2ox1 were obtained. Associate analysis showed that TaGA2ox1 was closely related to the plant height. Most of the TaGA2ox1-deleted mutants were higher than the control, suggesting that the biological function of TaGA2ox1 is similar to its homologues in other plants. These results demonstrate that ion beam irradiation is an efficient tool in the construction of a mutant library for wheat.     

富铬酵母细胞的DNA、RNA和蛋白质结合铬的测定

使用中子活化分析方法测定了富铬酵母与普通酵母的ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质中铬的含量。研究铬与ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质的结合情况。结果发现,两种酵母的ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质提取率和浓度无明显差异,但富铬酵母中ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质的铬含量高于普通酵母,而且铬与ＤＮＡ的结合量明显高于ＲＮＡ和蛋白质,说明酵母细胞在含铬的培养基中培养时,铬进入细胞体内产生生物转化,并与酶母细胞的ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质发生了结合     

Genetic Transformation of Watermelon with Pumpkin DNA by Low Energy Ion Beam-mediated Introduction

The No.601 watermelon (citrullus lanatus) seeds were treated with 25 keV N+ implantation at the dosage of 7.8*10 ions/cm2 . After treatment, watermelon seeds were incubated with 380 *g/*l pumpkin (Cucubita, maxima Duch) DNA solution at 35* for 5 hours. By two-generations of selection and resistance screening at seedling stage, one transformed material was selected out, whose rind color is similar to that of the donor pumpkin and whose size of seeds is between that of the donor and the receptor. Using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique, two polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified. This primarily testified that the donor DNA fragments/gene were introduced into the receptor cell and integrated into the genomic DNA of the receptor.     

煅烧条件对模拟高放废液煅烧产物物理化学性质的影响

模拟高放废液在回转煅烧过程中容易粘壁,影响其及时输送。为了实现转形工艺和固化工艺的顺利衔接,需要通过改变工艺条件来使煅烧产物顺利出料。同时煅烧条件的变化会导致煅烧产物物理化学性质发生变化。采用动力堆燃耗45 GWd/t(以U计)乏燃料后处理产生的模拟高放废液,研究了不同温度、不同转速条件下煅烧产物的粒径分布、含水量、振实密度、脱硝率等物理化学性质,研究结果显示:升高煅烧温度可以使煅烧产物粒径更加均匀,当煅烧温度在600～700℃、转速在15～20 r/min时,煅烧产物的含水率小于2%,振实密度在1.7 g/cm³左右,脱硝率能达到99%以上,煅烧过程中的粘壁现象较少,能实现煅烧过程中的顺利出料。     

Characteristics of Coaxial Vircator in Three Specific Configurations

As a novel vircator device, the coaxial vircator can attain much higher efficiency than the common virtual cathode oscillator. In this paper, coaxial vircators in three specific configurations are studied to describe the efficiency and frequency characteristics and their dependence on geometric parameters. The PIC (Particle in Cell) simulation results show that a power efficiency over 11% can be obtained from the coaxial vircator with a finite inner anode conductor, and a narrow-band output can be achieved. A direct-coupled coaxial vircator has a slightly lower efficiency of about 8%, but in this configuration the efficiency is not strongly dependent on the geometry parameters. The introduction of a reflecting cavity can effectively improve the efficiency under certain parameters. Meanwhile, the research results also indicate that improper cavity parameters will countervail some inherent advantages of the configuration with a finite inner conductor, leading to lower efficiency than that of the direct-coupled one. Meanwhile, an experiment was also carried out to testify the simulation results, and a power efficiency over 3% was obtained from the direct-coupled coaxial vircator.     

Development of a Cherenkov light imaging system for studying the dynamics of radiocesium in plants

High-resolution images of radiocesium (¹³⁷Cs) distribution are required to study cesium kinetics in plants. A Cherenkov light imaging system can visualize fine distributions of radionuclides emitting beta particles using an optical camera. To evaluate the linearity of the system, an imaging test was performed with point sources of ¹³⁷Cs, with a radioactivity of 10–2000 kBq. The results indicated that the system has a good linearity between the image intensity and the radioactivity of ¹³⁷Cs. We developed an imaging system for plants using this system to study radiocesium movement in intact plants. To demonstrate the ability to image radiocesium in a plant, an experiment was performed with an intact soybean plant for four days. The root of an 11-day-old soybean plant was dipped in 20 mL of a culture solution containing ¹³⁷Cs with a radioactivity of 10 MBq without potassium. After one day, the solution was replaced with one with potassium but no ¹³⁷Cs. The soybean plant was in healthy condition in the system, and the high-resolution serial images indicated that ¹³⁷Cs was transported to the shoot and accumulated in the node. Therefore, Cherenkov light imaging is promising for imaging radiocesium in intact plants.     

Transient-Diffusion Measurements of Radon: Practical Interpretation of Measured Data

The mathematical calculation to obtain a radon diffusion coefficient from measured radon transient-diffusion data is usually done by fitting a difference equation to the data. The difference equation is obtained through transformation of the time-dependent diffusion equation based on Fick's law. But, actual measured transient-diffusion data often have much scatter. Therefore just fitting over the whole range of the measured data through the method of least squares may not always be valid, because the method offers a mathematical interpretation rather than a physical one. Instead, the actual radon diffusion coefficients must be otherwise obtainable from measured radon transient data. Taking this viewpoint, the present paper claims that about a 90% leveling-off time is often easily discernible regardless of the shape of the radon transient curve obtained from the measured data and it can be a decisive factor for determining the radon diffusion coefficient. Alternatively, transient diffusion data during the taking-off period of the transient for a ramp-wise introduction of radon into the targeted soil column are not so scattered and can also be decisive. The present paper provides theoretical justifications to support these claims.     

Gd—DTPA—Dimeglumine的^99Tc^m标记及其生物学特性

以氯化亚锡为还原剂,^99Tc^m一步法标记了顺磁对比剂Gd—DTPA-Dimeglumine（钆喷酸二甲葡胺）,得到^99Tc^mGd-DTPA-Dimeglumine。薄层色谱法（TLC）分析标记物的标记率〉95％,可在室温稳定存放6h,放化纯度〉90％;三氯乙酸沉淀法测定^99Tc^m-Gd—DTPA-Dimeglumine的体外血浆蛋白结合率为2．25％±0．21％。小鼠体内生物分布结果显示,^99Tc^m-G＆DTPA—Dimeglumine主要经肾脏排泄,脑和肌肉组织摄取最少,所有脏器在注射后1min摄取达高峰,注射后5min滞留率下降大于50％,注射后30～60min标记药物在主要脏器内滞留很少,家兔肾动态显像结果显示,^99Tc^m-Gd—DTPA-Dimeglumine主要经肾脏排泄,达高峰时间约5min 半排时间约7min。^99Tc^m标记Gd-DTPA—Dimeglumine方法简单,标记效率高,Gd-DTPA—Dimeglumine经^99Tc^m怀记后其生物学性质基本未改变。本实验表明可以通过双功能螯合剂DTPA同时链接放射性核素^99Tc^m和顺磁性金属元素Gd,并有望在此基础上合成一种具有较好靶向性又可同时进行核医学SPECT和MRI增强扫描的显像剂。     

燃煤发电厂气态流出物辐射环境影响研究

目前,燃煤发电厂对环境和公众产生的辐射影响引起了广泛关注。本文选择长江沿岸具有代表性的三家燃煤发电厂为研究对象,基于电厂气态流出物中主要放射性核素的年排放量,采用烟囱直接排放和沉降进入水体两种途径的评价方法,评估燃煤发电厂气态流出物对周围环境造成的辐射影响。结果表明：三家燃煤发电厂气态流出物排放造成80 km范围内辐射影响很小,归一化最大个人年有效剂量分别为3.02×10^-4、4.32×10^-5、8.50×10^-5 Sv/GW;辐射剂量主要来自²¹⁰Po和²¹⁰Pb直接排放通过食入照射途径的贡献,远大于其进入水体及²²²Rn排放对剂量的贡献。由于²¹⁰Pb具有相对较长的半衰期,导致其在土壤中的比活度增加;基于文中²¹⁰Pb沉积浓度的分析,建议相关研究关注燃煤发电厂下风向30 km范围内²¹⁰Pb的长期辐射影响。本研究结果可为类似厂址的辐射影响评价提供技术支持,为内陆核电建设中公众沟通和技术研究工作提供基础数据,也为政府相关部门的决策提供参考。     

A Preliminary Study on a Specifically Expressed Arabidopsis Promoter in Vascular Bundle

From a population of about 3500 single plants in Arabidopsis promoter trapping bank, one plant whose GUS-gene had been specifically expressed in vascular bundle, was screened by the method of gus tissue staining. The T-DNA flanking sequence was amplified using TAIL-PCR. This band will be purified and connected to TA cloning vector. After sequencing and searching in the genebank, its function will be demonatrated through transformation.     

A Preliminary Study on a Specifically Expressed Arabidopsis Promotor in Vascular Bundle

From a population of about 3500 single plants is Arabidopsis promoter trapping bank,one plant whose GUS-gene had been specifically expressed in vascular bundle,was screened by the method of gus tissue staining.The T-DNA flanking sequence was amplified using TAIL-PCDR.This band will be purified and connected to TA cloning vector.After sequencing and searching in the genebank ,its function will be demonatrated through transformation.     

某铀尾矿区植物组成及其对铀的积累作用研究

分析研究了某铀尾矿区植物资源,并对这些植物的铀积累作用进行了研究。结果显示,该尾矿区污染土壤上植物群落较简单,共有高等植物31种,隶属12科,其中：禾本科最多,12种;其次是菊科植物,5种;凤尾蕨科和莎草科植物各3种;其他科各1种。1年生或多年生草本植物有28种,占总数的90.3%,其他3种为灌木或小乔木。对这31种植物进行了铀含量测定,结果发现,铀富集量在200 mg/kg以上的植物有14种,占总数的45%,其中富集量在600 mg/kg以上的有3种,分别是水莎草、牧草、小飞蓬。植物体内铀迁移系数大于1的有9种,其中燕麦、牧草、鼠曲草、青蒿中铀的迁移系数较大。这31种植物中,可考虑将水莎草、牧草作为超富集植物应用于铀污染土壤的修复,小飞蓬、盐肤木、枸骨、燕麦、鼠曲草、碎米莎草、龙葵等对铀污染土壤的修复具有潜在应用价值,可进一步研究。     

X射线辐射对小麦幼苗生长及一些抗氧化酶活性的影响

萌发４８ｈ的小麦幼苗用Ｘ射线处理，高剂量Ｘ射线（８Ｇｙ、１４Ｇｙ）可导致小麦幼苗生长受抑制，鲜重降低，在Ｘ射线照射后第２ｄ和第４ｄ测定幼苗内蛋白质含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）及谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｔｓ）活性的变化。结果可知：Ｘ射线可引起小麦幼苗内蛋白质含量的下降，１４ＧｙＸ射线照射的样品低于８Ｇｙ照射的，照射后第４ｄ的蛋白质含量高于照射后第２ｄ的，说明Ｘ射线引起的损伤可随照射后的培养而有所恢复；高剂量Ｘ射线可引起小麦幼苗内一些抗氧化酶活性的升高，且随照射剂量的增加酶活性的升高也越明显，在照射后第４ｄ幼苗的ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性高于照射后第２ｄ的值，ＧＳＨ－Ｔｓ活性略有下降。而低剂量（２Ｇｙ）照射与对照相比，上述指标变化不大，说明Ｘ射线处理后可通过诱导这些抗氧化酶活性的升高起到减轻伤害的作用。     

卡利纳循环在核电厂二回路系统的应用探讨

在朗肯循环的基础上,介绍了卡利纳循环的特点和优势,简述了卡利纳循环在国外的发展概况,从理论上重点分析和阐述了卡利纳循环应用于核电厂二回路系统的可行性.结论表明,应用卡利纳循环可以提高核电厂热效率10%以上,并将显著减少循环冷却水系统和回热、再热系统的投资成本.但是,核电厂二回路工质的改变将改变热力系统,将牵涉到整个热力系统设备的重新研究开发.卡利纳循环是否能够应用于核电厂二回路系统还有待进一步的研究探讨.     

电解法制备高纯度18O2

采用自行设计制造的石英玻璃电解装置,以重氧重水为原料,通过碱性介质电解法进行了18O气体的制备,在原料重氧重水18O的摩尔分数>80%条件下,最终制得18O气体中18O2摩尔分数达63.66%,表明整个电解系统气密性良好。此外,制得的气体能够满足电子回旋共振离子源提供18O重离子束的实验要求。     

99mTc直接法标记抗体的3个常用还原剂的评价

比较了＾９９ｍＴｃ直接法标记抗体的３个常用的还原剂：氯化亚锡（ＳｎＣｌ２）,２－疏工乙醇（２－ＭＥ）和抗坏血酸（ＡＡ）的＾９９ｍＴｃ标记率、标记抗体的稳定性及免疫活性。结果显示,２－ＭＥ是一个良好的还原剂,当抗体／２－ＭＥ摩尔比为１：２０００时,抗体的标记率可达到９５％以上,胶体形成量少于５％,＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＢＡＣ５肿瘤放射免疫显像,鼻咽癌转移癌影像清晰。     

Metastron治疗骨转移灶所致骨痛临床初步应用

为了验证进口英国Metastron公司出品的Metastron（^89SrCI2注射液）对肿瘤骨转移所致疼痛的止痛效果及其使用的安全性，按卫生部药政局特药处批准要求进行。25例符合人选标准患者，并经过疼痛评分，其骨痛评分范围在6－16分之间，按说明书应用1．48MBq/kg的剂量后，进行规范的随访，并对患者的骨痛疗效进行评估，同时观察即刻不良反应和血液学、肝肾功能的变化。结果发现，Metastron注射后对肿瘤骨转换所致疼痛有明显的止痛效果，总有效率72％，提高了患者的生存质量。在不良反应观察中可以看到，Metastron静脉注射后，在患者中观察到骨髓抑制的表现，其中32％患者发现有白细胞减低，60％患者有血小板数减低，除1例患者外，其余患者可以恢复至正常，该例未能恢复的患者尚可观察到短期的肝功能异常表现，故在治疗过程中尚须密切观察肝、肾功能的变化。治疗过程中，在注射Metastron后，55．5％患者有一过性疼痛加剧表现，大多数在治疗3－7d后可消失，仅1例患者延续至20d后方缓解。在接受治疗的患者中，疗效以及列腺癌、乳腺癌骨转移所致骨痛为较好。对有疗效的患者，疗效持续时间根据目前随访资料的94．4％的患者疗效维持时间均在3个月以上，仅1例患者（5．6％）的疗效维持时间为2个月。7例患者重复了骨显像，未发现有骨转移病灶明显改善的表现。实验结果表明，Metastron是一种对肿瘤骨转移所致疼痛具有明显止痛效果且较为安全的放射性药物，可以在临床工作中进行推广应用。