曲面实体造型中曲线和曲面交点的求解

求交是曲面实体造型系统中影响拼合算法效率和稳定性的重要因素，而求交算法又是和曲面的几何表示密切相关的。ＮＵＲＢＳ虽然能统一表示所有曲面，但却给二次曲面的求交带来了不必要的复杂性。二次曲面经常在机械零件的设计中被用来描述轴、孔、槽等几何特征，因此它们的求交算法应具有高精度、高效率和高稳定性。为此，对一种实用的二次曲面表示方法——几何法进行了深入研究后，给出了构成二次曲面轮廓的几种二次曲线和空间四次曲线与二次曲面交点的求法。     

一种裁剪规则二次曲面的方法

针对产品设计中经常使用的圆柱面、球面等规则二次曲面，文中采用“标志多边形”的方法实现了在三维空间对这些二次曲面的裁剪，从而使曲面实体布尔运算既可在曲面参数域上完成，也可以在三维空间中完成。     

细分曲面求交裁剪算法研究

基于细分曲面的参数化表示,研究了细分曲面的精确求交、裁剪算法。首先对控制网格建立局部坐标系,将细分曲面表示为一系列小的面片,并对每个控制顶点赋予参数值。然后用改进的轮廓删除法细分控制网格,在关联曲面间进行相交性检测,得到近似交点及其参数值,再用迭代法求得精确解。根据用户指定的裁剪区域确定交线的走向,将被裁剪曲面的控制网格面分为保留面、裁剪面和删除面,设置每个裁剪面的裁剪域,从而实现细分曲面的精确裁剪。算例表明,该文的方法简单、有效。     

隐式裁剪曲面的造型及绘制

隐式曲面没有参数域的概念,故对其裁剪问题的研究,很少有人问津.提出了一种隐式裁剪曲面的造型和绘制方法:先把投影平面变换到xy平面,将该xy平面作正交化网格剖分,由参数表示或隐式表示的裁剪曲线在该xy平面定义裁剪区域,再把裁剪后留下的区域内的网格投影到隐式曲面上,从而实现了隐式裁剪曲面的多边形化绘制.     

基于投影特征识别的斜截切二次曲面重建算法

平面与二次曲面的截切组合是机械零件常用的设计手段.在分析斜截切二次曲面在三视图中的投影特性的基础上,提出识别和重建这类曲面的算法.首先根据曲面的投影特性在三视图中检索斜截切曲面的投影痕迹;然后以其作为引导,初步判定曲面类型,深度优先搜索进一步识别斜截切二次曲面;再根据投影边的二维信息计算未截切曲面的几何参数,并通过未截切曲面与截平面求交获取截切曲线;最后构造斜截切曲面的拓扑结构,生成三维曲面.该算法可以识别和重建空间任意位置的斜截切二次曲面,拓展了重建算法的形体覆盖域.文中算法目前已运用到形体重建原型系统中,实验结果证明了其有效性.     

运用多项式曲线在多项式曲面上裁剪Bézier曲面

在多项式曲面的定义域上,以两多项式曲线及两直线段围成的简单区域作为裁剪区域,运用参数变换将该区域变换到标准正方形区域,以多项式开花为工具,将裁剪区域对应的子曲面片表示成Bézier曲面形式。对于参数平面上的复杂裁剪区域,则分割为若干简单区域来进行。该裁剪算法能处理形状较为复杂的曲面裁剪,方法对任意多项式曲面适用,而且能推广到有理情况。     

各务异性网格生成及其在曲面三角化中的应用

网格生成技术在工程分析，科学计算可视化等领域有着重要的意义，为了快速进行曲面三角化，提出了一种二维各向异性网格生成方法，通过引入椭圆距离和椭圆矩阵，定义了三角形的外接椭圆，从而将Delaunay三角化方法扩展到各向异性环境中，并讨论了各向异性网格的性质，随后将各向异性网格方法应用在曲面三角化当中，并将曲面的第一基本形式作为参数域的椭圆矩阵，同时给出了曲面Delaunay三角化的定义，从而成功地利用了各向异性网格方法对曲面进行三角化，实践证明，不仅其速度要大大快于传统的三角化方法，并且该方法能统一处理各种二次曲面和裁剪NURBS曲面。     

复合三角Bèzier曲面的裁剪

利用三角Ｂèｚｉｅｒ曲面片的保凸性和可分割性,解决了初始交点计算、迭代收敛等问题;通过求近曲面点、边界点跨越等过程,由一个初始交点出发跟踪计算跨越许多曲面片的整条交线;将各交点作为型值点插入曲面中,对三角网格进行局域三角化,以交线为界限进行分离,重新生成两张复合曲面,实现了裁剪的目的;基于次边界环和重新分布边界点的计算,改善了狭长三角形对整张曲面的性态影响．测试显示,上述方法简单可靠,满足了反求工程ＣＡＤ建模的要求     

奇异情况下两个二次曲面间的求交

曲面求交是几何造型系统的核心之一,奇异情况下求交算法的稳定性直接关系到后续的布尔运算乃至整个系统的稳定性.提出2种二次曲面间对应特征多项式有重根情形下鲁棒的求交算法.首先给出精确求解特征多项式重根的方法,若交线中存在奇异交点,则给出奇异交点关于特征多项式重根的显式表达式,从而稳定地求解出对应的奇异交点;同时给出一种交曲线有理参数化的构造性方法,可以弥补Farouki相应有理参数化方法中的缺陷.最后通过实例进一步说明了文中算法的求解稳定性及有理参数化的构造性方法的实用性.     

多裁剪自由曲面生成有限元网格的实现

论述了多裁剪自由曲面生成有限元曲面网格的几个关键技术.采用了推进波前法生成曲面网格,给出了核心算法;在曲面算法中运用了介于参数法与直接法之间的新方法.针对求解曲面上最优点的参数域反算问题,引入了切矢逆求方法,可使迭代次数大为降低.测试表明,该算法快速、稳定.对大型的多裁剪自由曲面生成的曲面有限元网格,可直接用于有限元计算.     

基于拓扑信息的多张裁剪曲面缝合算法

曲面缝合是曲面造型过程中常用到的处理技术,即把由多张裁剪曲面表示的模型转换成一个“不漏水”的模型。曲面缝合主要采用先离散后缝合的方法,但离散精度难以控制．提出一种多张裁剪曲面缝合算法,根据被缝合曲面的几何信息建立与其相缝合的邻接曲面信息,利用邻接曲面信息寻找其邻接边界;然后由邻接边界计算边界曲线的匹配参数,建立曲面的拓扑信息;最后根据曲面之间的拓扑信息对曲面进行缝合处理．通过实例对文中算法进行验证,结果显示该算法缝合效果良好。     

Feature-based decomposition of trimmed surface

A trimmed surface is usually represented by a parametric surface and a set of trimming curves. Because of the complexity in manipulating trimmed surfaces, many CAD processes and algorithms cannot be applied to trimmed surfaces directly. It is thus desirable to represent a trimmed surface by a group of regular surfaces. In this paper, an algorithm for decomposing a trimmed surface is presented. First, bisectors of the Voronoï diagram developed in the parametric space are used to define an isolated region for every trimming curve. Feature points on the trimming curves are extracted by considering curvatures of the curves. Correspondence between feature points and vertices on the bisectors are established by considering the similarity between the trimming curves and the bisectors. Regions of parametric patches are then identified. Finally, a group of regular surfaces are constructed by interpolating a set of sampled surface points on each of the identified regions.     

Representing Quadric Surfaces Using NURBS Surfaces

A method for representing quadrc surfaces using NURBS is presented.By means of the necessary and sufficient conditons for NURBS curves to precisely represent circular arcs and other conics,quadric surfaces can be represented by NURBS surfaces with fewer control vertices.The method can be used not only for NURBS surface representation of quadric surfaces,but also for rounding polyhedrons.Many examples are given in the paper.     

SHELL ADAPTIVE TRIANGULATION OF TRIMMED NURBS SURFACE

ＳＨＥＬＬＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＴＲＩＡＮＧＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＲＩＭＭＥＤＮＵＲＢＳＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＷａｎｇＨｕｉｃｈｅｎｇＺｈａｎｇＸｉｎｆａｎｇＺｈｏｕＪｉＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＴｈｅｐａｐｅｒｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａｎｅｗａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｆｏｒｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａ...     

Positioning quadric surfaces in all active stereo imaging system

The location of surfaces using stereo imaging techniques is an important area of research for robot guidance and machine inspection applications, The underlying geometry of finite focal length stereo pinhole cameras is investigated. This is the model used in both active and passive stereo imaging systems. It is shown that the points of intersecting views from the pinhole models result in conic sections. This information is used to locate quadric surfaces in the inspection space. When the projected fringe pattern is encoded to a quadric surface, the underlying intersection mapping can be used to estimate the position of the surface. Subsets of most smooth objects can be fitted to a conic section. For inspection of smooth surfaces with projection moire techniques, this fringe interpretation method would allow for correct placement of the object     

Automesh for trimmed surface entity of IGES/PDES

IGES/PDES is an internationally accepted standard protocol for transferring the information of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model between different CAD/CAM software. Any solid model can be constituted by a number of surfaces. Trimmed surface is one of the most important entities used to design a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model in IGES/PDES. The main idea in this article is to extract trimmed surface entity information from an IGES protocol created in a CAD/CAM software. Then, from the extracted information of trimmed surface entity in the model space and in the u–v space, a new u–v space is developed for meshing. After meshing the geometric region in the new u–v space, the meshed geometric region is transformed back to the model space by using a particular transformation. A Fortran code which can be used for pre-processing in Boundary Element Method has been developed by the present authors. Some meshed surface models are presented in this paper as examples.     

Isogeometric segmentation: Construction of auxiliary curves

In the context of segmenting a boundary represented solid into topological hexahedra suitable for isogeometric analysis, it is often necessary to split an existing face by constructing auxiliary curves. We consider solids represented as a collection of trimmed spline surfaces, and design a curve which can split the domain of a trimmed surface into two pieces satisfying the following criteria: the curve must not intersect the boundary of the original domain, it must not intersect itself, the two resulting pieces should have good shape, and the endpoints and the tangents of the curve at the endpoints must be equal to specified values.     

Trimmed NURBS曲面参数域的快速三角化算法

本文介绍对裁剪后的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面参数域的一个简单、快速的三角划分算法．该算法首先对参数域进行初始划分，然后对初始划分中的每个三角形进行取舍判断或裁剪，保留参数域内的部分，丢弃参数域外的部分．为了提高速度，本算法采用了近似参数域边界线、避免无效计算及避免重复计算等措施．测试所得的数据表明，三角划分的时间与划分数成线性关系．