Nutritional Value of Protein from a Soybean Milk Powder

SUMMARY— Soybean milk powder was prepared from de-hulled soybeans by standard milk plant equipment. The product was tested biologically in young growing rats. When soymilk or skim milk combined with different amounts of corn starch to give a range of dietary protein levels was fed to rats, the nutritive value of the vegetable milk compared favorably with that of animal milk at the highest level of protein intake. The growth response was generally less with soymilk at low protein levels and this could be corrected by supplementation with methionine. Mixing cow's milk and soymilk in different proportions did not improve significantly the nutritional value of the protein, although such mixtures might have advantages for palatability, industrial feasibility, or consumer acceptability.     

不同品种榛子加工榛子露适宜性评价

为了靶向利用榛子原料资源,获得更高品质的榛子露产品。从榛子的四大栽培区（北部、中部、南部、干旱及半干旱）收集了共21份榛子样品,按照相同工艺加工成榛子露植物蛋白饮料并测定其感官、理化与营养、加工品质三类指标。结合相关性、主成分分析筛选出榛子露的核心指标5项：b*、可溶性固形物、离心沉淀率、脂肪、蛋白质。层次分析确定核心指标权重依次为：7.198%、10.916%、14.271%、27.657%、39.959%,从而建立榛子露综合品质评价模型。在综合品质得分基础上通过聚类分析实现数据的最优分割。17号（南部安徽辽榛9号）以0.92综合得分排序第一,北部栽培区的辽榛3号表现较佳,推荐加工榛子露,干旱栽培区的榛子表现欠佳,可做其它榛子深加工产品的考虑。上述结果可以为后续企业生产榛子露时,在榛子原料品种选择和榛树选育上提供理论参考。     

从啤酒废酵母中提取SOD的几种工艺方法

SOD是超氧化物歧化酶的简称。该文论述了SOD对人体的保健功能，以及生产SOD的市场前景，并从综合利用的角度介绍了从啤酒废酵母中提取SOD的几种工艺方法及其企业标准。     

山羊乳及其制品营养与功能特性的研究进展

山羊乳及相关制品由于丰富的营养价值和良好的健康功效受到越来越多消费者的关注。山羊乳属于一种资源稀缺型特种乳,与牛乳相比,其干物质含量较高、易消化,且致敏性较低,还是多种生物活性成分的良好来源。因此,山羊乳可用于加工制作适合各种人群的保健性能产品,也可作为益生元和益生菌等功能成分的载体。本文就山羊乳营养成分、功能特性以及加工处理等研究领域的前沿成果进行综述,着重介绍山羊乳相关制品预防与缓解多种疾病的作用与机制,为山羊乳高值化产品的开发提供参考。     

Effect of Selection for Milk Production and General Health of the Dairy Cow

Forty-three pairs of open heifers were purchased as foundation animals to evaluate direct response to selection for milk production and correlated responses of reproduction, digestion, respiration, skin or skeleton, and mammary disorders. One heifer of each pair was selected for high genetic potential, and the other was selected for low potential on pedigree evaluations for milk production. High pedigree cows produced more milk, but they also had 9% more digestive disorders, 5% more foot rot, 14% more skin or skeletal disorders, 11% more cases of udder edema, and 2% more lactations affected by mastitis. High pedigree cows even with the $12.46 more health costs netted $45.80 more per lactation than did low pedigree cows calving in the same year.The foundation animals were assigned randomly to be bred to sires with high or average predicted difference milk. The repeatability of all 14 sires was greater than 70% with an advantage of 610 kg to the seven high sires when they were chosen. Daughters of high sires produced more milk, had 8% fewer systemic uterine treatments, 3% fewer mammary cuts, more joint or leg injuries, 13% more skin or skeletal disorders, and 19% more cases of udder edema than did daughters of average sires. Daughters of sires with high predicted difference milk netted $77.64 more per lactation than did daughters of breed average sires.     

奶渣酪蛋白特性及营养价值分析

为探讨奶渣酪蛋白的理化性质和营养价值,以牦牛奶渣为原料,经过碱溶酸沉,脱除脂肪和乳糖后提取奶渣酪蛋白,利用紫外分光光度计、荧光分光光度计测定理化性质,通过酶解和质谱法鉴定奶渣酪蛋白一级序列片段和潜在活性多肽片段。结果表明：经一次碱溶酸沉提取的奶渣酪蛋白中蛋白质含量达到91.41%,在碱性条件下有较好的溶解性,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示α-酪蛋白的分子量约为30 kDa、β-酪蛋白的分子量约为26 kDa。与市面上的两种酪蛋白相比,奶渣酪蛋白的乳化能力较好,表面疏水性较高,并且具有良好的热稳定性和二级结构稳定性,但是其交联性能略差。奶渣酪蛋白含有17种氨基酸,且有6种必需氨基酸含量高于市购酪蛋白;含有129种潜在活性多肽片段,可能会在降糖、降压、抗血栓、抗衰老等功能上具有一定生理活性。     

多重real-time PCR技术快速鉴别特种乳中的乳源动物成分

建立一种特种乳中乳源动物成分快速鉴别多重实时聚合酶链式反应技术.通过筛选建立8种不同乳源物种检测的多重实时聚合酶链式反应方法,在一个反应体系里可同时检测4种乳源的特异性靶基因,绝对灵敏度达0.1～5 pg/μL,检出限可达0.1％.同时,建立了高效的DNA提取方法,样品裂解后可在12 min左右完成96个样品的DNA提...     

褐藻营养豆奶的研制

用含碘量极高具有营养保健作用的海洋褐藻和大豆为原料，对传统的豆奶生产工艺进行改进，通过配料的合理调整得到一种风味好、营养价值高的海藻保健豆奶。     

Phenotypic and Genetic Relationships Between Reproduction and Milk Production in Dairy Goats

First lactations of 3286 Alpine, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg does were used to assess consequences of correcting milk and fat yields for age and season of kidding and to estimate heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic relationships between milk production and reproductive traits. Does were classified into those that reproduced successfully during their first breeding year and those that did not and were held over to the following year before reproducing successfully. Heritabilities of milk and fat yield and fat percent adjusted for age-season were .68, .61, and .54 for Alpines, Saanens, and Toggenburgs and .35, .54, and 1.09 for Nubians. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between date of kidding and unadjusted milk and fat yield were negative but were close to zero for adjusted yields. Phenotypic correlations for age of kidding with unadjusted milk and fat yields were positive and with adjusted yields were near zero. Genetic correlations for age at kidding with unadjusted yields were positive but with adjusted yields were negative but small. Selection on unadjusted milk yield of first lactation would lead to fewer reproductive successes during the first breeding year and later ages at kidding, but selection on adjusted yields would result in little correlated change in reproductive performance.     

Relationships Between Predicted Difference for Milk Production Traits and Buck Designation in Dairy Goats

A total of 3344 summary records were used from purebred and American registered bucks for the Alpine, LaMancha, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg breeds to study associations of Predicted Difference for milk yield, milk fat yield, and fat percentage with buck designation. Designations are combinations of stars (0 or 1) based on pedigree performance and pluses (0, 1, or 2) based on progeny performance. The model used for analysis generally included registration (purebred or American), star, linear plus, quadratic plus, and two-way interactions. Effects of registration for milk production traits were not significant. The effect of star was positive for milk in Alpines and fat percentage in Nubians but negative for fat percentage in Alpines. The linear effect of plus was positive for milk and fat in Alpines and Nubians and for fat percentage in Saanens but negative for fat percentage in Toggenburgs. The quadratic effect of plus was negative for milk in Alpines, LaManchas, and Nubians, for fat in Alpines and Nubians, and for fat percentage in Saanens. There was interaction of star with linear plus for fat in Nubians and Toggenburgs and for fat percentage in Saanens. There was also interaction of star with quadratic plus for milk in Nubians and Saanens, for fat in Nubians and Toggenburgs, and for fat percentage in Saanens. Other two-way interactions were not significant, except registration with star for fat in Nubians.     

植物奶油粉产品特性及其在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用

婴儿配方乳粉专用粉末油脂可称为植物奶油粉 ,其物理结构与乳粉一致 ,营养成分及性能与母乳接近 ,弥补了牛乳粉营养成分的某些不足之处。奶油粉油脂富含亚油酸 ,为乳糖 (或 90乳清粉 )或糊精、酪蛋白等壁材包埋 ,赋予了产品与乳粉更好的流动、乳化和溶解性 ,是婴儿配方乳粉理想的配料     

牛奶及其制品的营养特性

牛奶是一种营养成分齐全、组成适宜、易消化吸收的天然优质食品。不但适合于婴儿、病人及老年人,也适合于广大的普通人群。牛奶含有丰富的优质蛋白质,平均含蛋白质3%(占总乳固形物的27%),生物价(BV)为87,氨基酸评分(AAS)为0.98;含脂肪≥3%(占总乳固形物≥27%),其中油酸占30%,亚油酸5.3%,亚麻酸2.1%,同时,还含有较高的短链脂肪酸;含乳糖约3.4%(占总乳固形物31%),乳糖具有促进钙吸收,促进肠道有益菌繁殖,抑制腐败菌生长的作用;含钙约1l0mg/100g,且吸收率高;此外还含有丰富的维生素。对于现在的中国膳食结构而言,牛奶类食品的主要作用是提供…     

精料和饱和脂肪酸对奶牛生产性能和乳中脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究高精料和饱和脂肪酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能和乳中脂肪酸组成的影响。选择产后55 d左右的泌乳高峰期奶牛30头,根据随机区组设计原则,按照产奶量、胎次和泌乳天数将奶牛分为对照组(C)、高精料组(HC)和饱和脂肪酸组(FA),分别饲喂以干物质为基础含精料40%,60%和40%添加3%饱和脂肪酸的等蛋白日粮。结果 HC组产奶量(26.53±3.72)kg/d和FA组产奶量(26.98±3.36)kg/d显著高于C组(24.43±2.63)kg/d。FA组乳脂含量显著高于HC组(P≤0.05),HC组有低于C组的趋势(P=0.15)。FA组短链脂肪酸的含量显著低于C组(P≤0.05),HC组与C组差异不显著;HC组长链脂肪酸的含量显著低于FA组(P≤0.05),与C组差异不显著。HC组饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于FA组(P≤0.05)、FA组单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于C组和HC组(P≤0.05)、HC组多不饱和脂肪酸高于C组(P≤0.05)、各组间共轭亚油酸(10c12t CLA)含量差异不显著。结论为饲喂高精料日粮能够提高产奶量、降低乳脂率、增加乳脂中中链饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量。日粮添加饱和脂肪酸能够提高产奶量、增加乳脂率、增加单不饱和脂肪酸含量。     

Color, Oxidation-Reduction Potential, and Gas Production of Irradiated Meats from Different Animal Species

ABSTRACT: Turkey breasts, pork loins, and beef loins were aerobically or vacuum-packaged and electron beamirradiated at 3 kGy. Irradiation increased the redness of turkey breast regardless of packaging or storage. Irradiation drastically decreased the redness of aerobically packaged beef loin. Irradiated meats produced higher amounts of CO and CH₄ than nonirradiated. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of meats decreased after irradiation, but increased during the storage. Little differences in CO and ORP values among the irradiated meats from different species were detected. This indicated that CO and ORP were not the only factors involved in the color changes of beef loin by irradiation.     

国产和进口奶源婴儿配方奶营养效应的比较

目的：以3 个国产奶源婴儿配方奶粉和3 个进口奶源婴儿配方奶粉分别喂养实验动物,研究比较国产奶源和进口奶源在实验动物上引起的营养生物效应的差异。方法：采用刚断乳SD大鼠,在连续30 d左右的喂养实验后,检测实验动物的安全性和营养学指标。结果：6 种受试品牌奶粉在动物生长发育过程、体质量和体质量增长趋势、食物利用率、血常规指标及血液生化指标都没有明显的差别。结论：受试的3 个国产奶源婴儿配方奶粉与3 个进口奶源婴儿配方奶粉在实验动物上引起的营养生物效应是相同的,没有优劣之分。     

安全性复合预混料及日粮电解质平衡对奶牛生产性能的影响

试验结果显示,奶牛生产中应用安全性复合预混料以及对基础日粮进行电解质平衡调节,可显著提高奶牛产奶性能,改善牛奶品质。利用电解质平衡日粮,可提高奶牛产奶量5.60%(P<0.01),提高牛奶密度0.29%;在电解质平衡日粮基础上,使用安全性复合预混料,可进一步提高奶牛产奶量6.26%(P<0.01),提高牛奶密度0.19%;二者综合考虑,可提高奶牛产奶量12.24%(P<0.01),提高牛奶密度0.49%。     

Nutritional, Sensory and Microbiological Qualities of Labneh Made from Goat Milk and Cow Milk

Labneh, a concentrated yogurt product routinely consumed in the Middle East, was prepared from cow milk and goat milk by a procedure normally used in the Middle East. Goat labneh was significantly higher in ash than cow labneh. Protein, fat and total solids were the same. Storage for six months had no significant influence on the chemical composition. Levels of Ca, P and K were higher in goat labneh. Goat labneh protein had significantly higher levels of aspartic acid, threonine, proline, valine and phenylalanine than cow labneh. On the other hand, cow Labneh protein had significantly higher levels of histidine and arginine. Total aerobic counts, lactic acid bacterial counts and counts of yeast and molds decreased by 2 to 4 log_tO numbers during 6 months of storage in both labnehs. Storage of goat labneh, but not cow labneh, for six months significantly improved the sensory qualities.