十年来上海稀土工业的进展

本文回顾了上海稀土工业的建立和发展,特别是近十年来的进展情况。对萃取和离子交换等现代分离技术,和稀土金属冶炼、稀土永磁材料、稀土发光材料等以及稀土在玻陶工业的应用均有所叙述。对上海稀土工业的未来亦进行了讨论。     

Rate analysis of sorption of Ce3+, Sm3+, and Yb3+ ions from aqueous solution using Dowex 50W-X8 as a sorbent in a continuous flow reactor

Kinetic analysis of removal of three rare earth elements metals, Ce³⁺, Sm³⁺, and Yb³⁺ ions from aqueous solutions in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor using Dowex 50W-X8 ion-exchange resin was conducted. The performance of the fixed bed sorption was evaluated using the concept of the sorption breakthrough process. Parameters characteristic of a fixed bed sorption such as breakthrough times, saturation times, critical reactor lengths, and lengths of mass transfer zone were inferred from the metal ion concentration breakthrough curves. The sorption capacity of Dowex 50W-X8 ion-exchange resin for Ce³⁺, Sm³⁺, and Yb³⁺ are 191, 252, and 294 mg/g, respectively. The sorption kinetics were evaluated using a zero-order, first-order and second-order reaction models. The kinetics of the sorption process follows a zero-order model which has not been reported before. The rate constants of sorption using the zero-order kinetic model are obtained. Two different analysis were conducted to identify whether the diffusion is intraparticle or film diffusion. Both analysis confirms that the film diffusion is the controlling mechanism in reactor bed.     

Thermodynamic properties of liquid Cd-Pb-Sn solutions and analytical calculation of the phase diagram

Abstract

The relative partial thermodynamic properties of Cd in liquid Cd-Pb-Sn alloys have been investigated in the temperature range 680–840K by an emf technique. Data have been represented by general , power series expansions in the composition variables, and the liquidus surfaces when Cd or Sn are the primary crystallization products have been calculated analytically.

Résumé

Les propriétés thermodynamiques partielles du cadmium dans les alliages Cd-Pb-Sn liquide ont été étudiées dans une fourchette de température comprise entre 680 et 840K par la mesure de force électromotrice. Les données sont représentées par un développement en série des variables de composition. Les surfaces du liquidus ont été calculces analytiquement dans le cas où le cadmium ou l' étain est le produit prima ire de cristallisation.     

Extraction and Refining of High Purity Terbium Metal From Rare Earth Resources

Terbium metal finds applications in the phosphor industry such as in fluorescent lighting and television tubes, and in the electronic industry for the production of magneto-optical recording media for computer storage discs, and in the production of specialty alloys. There are no direct high grade ores of terbium, rather it occurs as a very minor constituent in ores of the rare-earth minerals. For example, terbium oxide constitutes only 0.01% of California's bastnaesite. 0.05-0.16% of Florida' s monazite. and in the order of 1.00% in the Malaysian xenotime. Currently, the chief rare-earth bearing minerals of commercial importance are bastnaesite (California), monazite (Florida, Australia. India and China) and xenotime( Malaysia).

Extraction of high purity terbium metal involves several major steps. These are

(1) Recovery of rare earth minerals from ores into (REO)concentrates

(2)Leaching of rare earth metals (REM) into leach solutions. This step is often preceded by a roasting step and a mild leaching to remove associated carbonates

(3)Separation or concentration of the rare earth metals into groups or individual metal solutions by either solvent extraction and/ or ion-exchange. Terbium is precipitated out from the solvent extraction solution as oxalate or carbonate compounds, which are converted to terbium oxide upon heating in air

(4)Production and refining of terbium from terbium oxide. These involve conversion of terbium oxide to terbium fluoride, followed by a metallothermic reduction step to the terbium metal, using calcium metal reductant. 3N (99.9%) and 4N (99.99%) purity terbium metal can be obtained by vacuum remelting and sublimation (distillation) of the crude metal, respectively.

In this article, modern practices for extraction and refining of high purity terbium metal is reviewed and reported.     

Dowex50W-X树脂吸附硫酸溶液中的锶

In this study, strontium adsorption from sulfuric acid solution by different Dowex 50W-X ion exchange resins was investigated. Among these resins, Dowex 50W-X8 resin showed the maximum sorption of strontium from the aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, contact time, mass of resin, temperature, and concentration of interfeting ions on strontium adsorption were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions of strontium sorption process. The kinetic models of sorption were analyzed using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models. The results indicated that the pseudo-second order kinetic model was more appropriate than the other one. Moreover, the data obtained in this study were fitted into several sorption isotherm models and it was found that the Langmuir sorption isotherm shows the best fitting to the experimental data.     

原地浸析采矿方法在离子型稀土矿的应用及其展望

离子吸附型稀土矿是我国70年代初发现的一种宝贵稀土资源。本文概述了其成矿与富集规律及其开采方式由露采池浸工艺发展为原地浸析采矿的演变过程，介绍了露天池浸与原地浸析采矿两种方法的工艺流程及其优缺点，目前原地浸析采矿方法在离子型稀土矿山的应用简况及今后研究发展的方向．     

稀土镧对钢中残余元素的固定作用

采用Ｍｉｅｄｅｍａ二元生成热模型,从热力这证明了稀土镧和多种残余元素反应是完全可能的。采用ＳＥＭ及ＴＥＭ手段研究了稀土尖不同锡含量的钢中形成夹杂的情况。镧放钢中较低含量的锡（０．０４５％）作用生成简化合物。证实了用移土金属减轻低氧、低硫钢中残余元素钢性能危害的可行性。     

Removal of impurities from scandium chloride solution using 732-type resin

The deep removal of Al, Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ), Ca, Zr, Ti and Si from scandium chloride solution was carried out by using 732-type strong acid cation exchange resin. The effects of pH value, contact time and complexing agents(EDTA) on the purification process are investigated. The results indicate that the 732-type resin have a good scandium selectivity and the adsorption order is Sc Fe(Ⅲ)Al Ca Zr Ti Si in the pH range of 1-3. The separation of Sc and Zr, Si, Ti can be directly carried out because the resin have a good adsorption effect on Sc, AI and Fe(Ⅲ) but poor adsorption effect on Zr, Si and Ti under the condition of pH = 2.5 and contact time 180 min. The Fe(Ⅱ), Ca and Al are selectively adsorbed on the resin by adding reducing agent ascorbic acid and EDTA into the solution for reducing Fe(Ⅲ) to Fe(Ⅱ) and complexing Sc.By using two-step ion exchange adsorption separation method, the removal rates of Fe(Ⅲ), Ti, Al, Ca, Zr and Si are 95.5%,99.8%,100%,98.2%,98.6% and 100%,respectively.     

Research and Development of Rare Earth Advanced Materials in China

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷａｎｇＤｉａｎｚｕｏ（王淀佐），ＷａｎＱｕｎ（万群），ＹａｎｇＹｕｃｈｕｎ（杨遇春）（ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

Characterization and corrosion behavior of Al–Co–rare earth (Ce–La) amorphous alloy

A new Al-based amorphous alloy with excellent corrosion resistance and high thermal stability was produced in the Al–Co–RE (Ce–La) system. In this regard, two different amorphous-nanocrystalline ribbons: Al_87.6–Co_6.4–Ce_3.8–La_2.2 (M₁) and Al_82.3–Co_10.1–Ce_4.8–La_2.8 (M₂) were prepared using melt spinning. The results reveal the supercooled liquid region (ΔT_x) of 218 °C which shows that the M₂ alloy has higher thermal stability in comparison to the M₁ alloy. The M₂ ribbons present the superior corrosion resistance because of the formation of amorphous phase. The i_corr, E_corr, E_pit, and E_pit – E_corr values of fully amorphous Al–Co–Ce–La metallic ribbons have a better trend of anti-corrosion performance compared to other crystalline and amorphous aluminum alloys.     

Rapid Thermal Annealing of Pr~(3 ) and Eu~(3 ) Implanted Silicon

ＲａｐｉｄＴｈｅｒｍａｌＡｎｎｅａｌｉｎｇｏｆＰｒ~（３＋）ａｎｄＥｕ~（３＋）ＩｍｐｌａｎｔｅｄＳｉｌｉｃｏｎ￥ＬｉｕＳｈｉｘｉａｎｇ；ＳｈｉＷａｎｑｕａｎ；ＬｉｕＸｕｅｊｕｎ（ＧｒａｄｕａｔｅＳｃｈｏｏｌ，ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎ...     

黑色风化物的物理化学性质及稀土配分研究

某稀土矿产生的黑色风化物，是一种稀土以胶态相赋存的新稀土资源。黑色风化物主要由锰、铁，稀土和铅组成，形成锰铁氧化物非晶质的高聚合度无机高分子。黑色风化物强烈地选择铈族轻稀土，与矿区产的矿石和氟碳铈矿稀土配分相近，但黑色风化物含中重稀土最高，矿石次之，氟碳铈矿最低。     

工艺参数对熔配法制备Al-10Ce中间合金的影响

用熔配法制备了Al-10Ce中间合金,采用X射线衍射相分析(XRD)等技术对Al-10Ce中间合金的相组成进行了分析,试验结果表明:Al-10Ce中间合金由Al、Ce、Al4Ce三相组成。且通过试验从熔体温度、溶解时间、搅拌方式等三方面分析了用熔配法制备Al-10%Ce中间合金的工艺参数,确证了参数选择的可行性和合理性。     

Studies on the Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Ions and Binuclear Complexes by ~1H NMR Single Spectrometer

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＩｏｎｓａｎｄＢｉｎｕｃｌｅａｒＣｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｂｙ~１ＨＮＭＲＳｉｎｇｌｅＳｐｅｃｔｒｏｍｅｔｅｒＹａｎｇＺｈｅｎｇｙｉｎ（杨正银）；ＸｉｕＸｉａｏｈｅ（徐晓荷）；?..