退火对TA1/5052爆炸复合板界面组织与性能的影响

将TA1/5052爆炸焊接复合板在350、400及450 ℃分别保温1、3、6、9 h退火,对退火前后复合板组织和性能进行分析。结果表明:随退火温度升高,原子扩散加剧,界面形成的扩散层逐渐变厚;退火过程中铝易于向钛侧扩散,白色亮带和柯肯达尔孔洞主要位于靠近界面的5052铝合金侧;退火前界面处物相组成为α-Ti、α-Al、TiAl₃,经350、400 ℃退火3 h及450 ℃退火1、3、6、9 h后,物相组成不变。经不同温度退火后,复合板界面抗拉强度低于退火前,而断面收缩率和伸长率明显高于退火前。拉伸断口分析表明,复合板TA1侧为以脆性断裂为主、韧性断裂为辅的韧脆混合断裂,5052侧为韧性断裂;复合板在350 ℃退火时界面剪切强度和剥离强度最大,较爆炸态分别增加8.24%和45.68%,随退火温度升高,界面剪切强度和剥离强度降低。退火前后界面结合区硬度均高于基复板两侧硬度,且随离界面距离增加,硬度逐渐降低直至降至钛铝两侧母材硬度。退火后界面结合区硬度明显低于爆炸态硬度。     

Annealing and Test Temperature Dependence of Tensile Properties of UNS N04400 Alloy

Effects of annealing and test temperatures on the tensile behavior of UNS N04400 alloy have been examined. The specimens were annealed at 800, 1000, and 1200 °C for 4 h under vacuum in a muffle furnace. Stress-strain curves of the specimens were obtained in the temperature range 25-300 °C using a universal testing machine fitted with a thermostatic chamber. The results indicate that the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percentage elongation of the specimens decrease with increase of annealing temperature. By increasing the test temperature, the YS and UTS decrease, whereas the percentage elongation initially decreases with increase of test temperature from 25 to 100 °C and then increases with further increasing the temperature up to 300 °C. The changes in the tensile properties of the alloy are associated with the post-annealing microstructure and modes of fracture.     

7A04铝合金/304不锈钢连续驱动摩擦焊及焊后热处理

对7A04铝合金与304不锈钢异种材料进行了摩擦焊接试验,并对接头进行了不同温度、不同时间的退火处理.对接头飞边形貌、抗拉强度、断口形貌、金相组织、显微硬度等进行对比分析.结果表明,采用合适的工艺参数能获得形貌良好的飞边和更好的抗拉强度,焊合区的铝合金组织发生动态再结晶,晶粒细化,组织比基材更加致密,结合面两边互有元素扩散,焊合区显微硬度高于基材.经400℃×3 h退火处理的接头其抗拉强度提升明显,界面形成了不同的金属间化合物,扩散层厚度略有增加,显微硬度值有所下降.     

Research on the diffusion bonding of superplastic magnesium alloy

The elevated temperature tensile experiments have been carried out on the magnesium alloy and results indicate that the magnesium alloy has excellent superplastic property.Gleebe-1500 testing machine was used in the diffusion bonding experiment on the superplastic magnesium alloy.Then,the shear stength of the joints under different conditions is obtained through shear testing and the optimum processing parameters for the diffusion bonding are achieved.By metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM),it is revealed that the micromechanism of diffusion bonding is the slide of grain boundaries caused by the growth of grains and atom diffusion of the superplastic magnesium alloy.     

Mg/Al脉冲加压扩散连接接头显微组织及力学性能

采用脉冲加压扩散连接工艺,实现了AZ31镁合金与5083铝合金的连接.借助扫描电镜、EDS、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等手段对接头的显微组织及力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,接头有镁合金基体、冶金反应层、扩散层和铝合金基体组成.焊缝中形成了Mg₂Al₃,AlMg和Al_0.56Mg_0.44金属间化合物.接头最高硬度值达3300 MPa.随着保温扩散时间的延长,接头的抗拉强度出现了先升高后降低的现象,最高接头强度达46 MPa,在断口中发现了部分韧窝,断口属于韧性和准解理混合断口.在镁合金和铝合金两侧,硬度变化区域出现不对称现象.     

界面对铜/铝异步轧制层状复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用异步轧制复合技术和退火工业制备铜/铝层状复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜观察界面微观组织和拉伸断口形貌,进行剥离和拉伸实验研究界面的力学性能。结果表明,热处理过程促进了界面层的形成,而较高的退火温度破坏了界面结合。层状复合材料的拉伸性能介于两组元金属之间。经340℃退火后,铜基体的延伸性能与铝基体接近,并且界面开裂程度较低。在拉伸过程中,两金属基体延伸率不同,导致界面发生内部断裂。界面作为铜、铝之间的过渡层,在强化复合材料方面起到重要作用。     

Effect of Annealing Temperature in Al 1145 Alloy Sheets on Formability, Void Coalescence, and Texture Analysis

This paper deals with a combined forming and fracture limit diagram and void coalescence analysis for the aluminum alloy Al 1145 alloy sheets of 1.8 mm thickness, annealed at four different temperatures, namely 200, 250, 300, and 350 °C. At different annealing temperatures these sheets were examined for their effects on microstructure, tensile properties, formability, void coalescence, and texture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images taken from the fractured surfaces were examined. The tensile properties and formability of sheet metals were correlated with fractography features and void analysis. The variation of formability parameters, normal anisotropy of sheet metals, and void coalescence parameters were compared with texture analysis.     

Strengthening and stress drop of ultrafine grain aluminum after annealing

Ultrafine grain pure aluminum was produced by equal channel angular pressing and cold rolling,the deformed aluminum was annealed at 200 °C for 1 h.The tensile curves of deformed and annealed aluminum show that yield strength of deformed aluminum increases by 100%-300% and its elongation decreases by about 20%.After low temperature annealing,strength of annealed aluminum increases by 20% and elongation decreases by over 50%,the recovery of dislocations may be the main cause of annealing strengthening.In addition,there is an abrupt stress drop in the tensile curves of annealed aluminum and the formation of shear band is responsible for it.     

Mechanical properties of ultrafine grained 5052 Al alloy produced by accumulative roll-bonding and cryogenic rolling

Mechanical properties in conjunction with microstructural evolution during annealing of 5052 Al alloy deformed at cryogenic temperature were investigated and compared with those yielded by the ARB process. ARB was conducted up to 7 cycles under conditions where the reduction in thickness per cycle was 50% and the rolling temperature was 300°C. To investigate the effect of annealing temperature, cryo-rolled sheets with 85% reduction were annealed in a temperature range of 150≈300°C for one hour. Strengths of 5052 Al alloy ARB processed at 300°C increased with increasing number of cycles and decreased rapidly after 6 or 7 cycles. This indicated that, during the ARB process, work hardening proceeded at low strains and subdivision of grains and dynamic recovery occurred at high strains. Tensile strength and yield strength of cryo-rolled 5052 Al alloy decreased as the annealing temperature increased. The volume fraction of recrystallized and coarsened grains appeared to have the most significant influence on strength and ductility in sheets annealed at 250°C.     

有机溶剂保护对Al/Ni扩散连接的影响规律研究

采用有机溶剂保护实现了纯铝和纯镍的扩散连接。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析以及X射线衍射等分析手段,确定了Al/Ni扩散连接接头典型的界面结构为Al/Al_3Ni_2/Ni。在扩散连接过程中利用有机溶剂防止铝表面发生二次氧化,相比直接扩散连接可得到更好的焊接质量。研究了连接温度对Al/Ni接头界面结构的影响规律,随着连接温度的升高各反应层厚度逐渐增加。当连接温度为490℃,连接时间为60 min,连接压力为2 MPa时,接头抗剪强度达到最大值,为17.83 MPa,比该工艺下直接扩散连接得到的焊接接头强度提高了约55%。     

扩散退火和热轧温度对钛铜界面结合强度的影响

对热挤压的钛铜复合棒进行扩散处理,研究扩散退火温度及保温时间对界面结合强度的影响,并通过测试Ti和Cu在高温下的拉伸性能来选择较为合适的热轧温度。结果表明:扩散退火可有效促进界面处金属原子的扩散和增强结合强度,当扩散退火在780～800 ℃/30 min时复合界面的结合强度最高;钛铜复合棒热轧温度应选择780 ℃较为合适,此时Ti、Cu的强度和塑性指标相近,利于热轧时的均匀变形;钛铜复合棒的热轧结合机理可用N.Bay理论、热作用机制及位错学说进行解释。     

Processing and properties of Nb- Ti- base alloys

The processing characteristics, tensile properties, and oxidation response of two Nb-Ti-Al-Cr alloys were investigated. One creep test at 650 °C and 172 MPa was conducted on the base alloy, which contained 40Nb-40Ti-10Al-10Cr. A second alloy was modified with 0.11 at.% C and 0.07 at.% Y. Alloys were arc melted in a chamber backfilled with argon, drop cast into a water-cooled copper mold, and cold rolled to obtain a 0.8-mm sheet. The sheet was annealed at 1100 °C for 0.5 h. Longitudinal tensile specimens and oxidation specimens were obtained for both the base alloy and the modified alloy. Tensile properties were obtained for the base alloy at room temperature, 400,600,700,800,900, and 1000 °C and for the modified alloy at room temperature, 400,600,700, and 800 °C. Oxidation tests on the base alloy and modified alloy, as measured by weight change, were carried out at 600,700,800, and 900 °C. Both the base alloy and the modified alloy were extremely ductile and were cold rolled to the final sheet thickness of 0.8 mm without an intermediate anneal. The modified alloy exhibited some edge cracking during cold rolling. Both alloys recrystallized at the end of a 0.5-h annealing treatment. The alloys exhibited moderate strength and oxi-dation resistance below 600 °C, similar to the results of alloys reported in the literature. The addition of carbon produced almost no change in either the yield strength or ductility as measured by total elonga-tion. A small increase in the ultimate tensile strength and a corresponding decrease in the reduction of area below 600 °C were observed. Carbon addition also served to marginally refine the grain size after annealing. The results of this study and those of similar alloys reported in the literature suggest that 40Nb-40Ti-10Al-10Cr forms a good base alloy suitable for alloying for improvement in its oxidation and high-temperature strength properties.     

Microstructures of Ti–Ni–Fe wire after severe cold-drawing and annealing

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti–47 at%Ni–3 at%Fe shape memory alloy wire under the condition of severe cold-drawing at room temperature and different postdeformation annealing processes were intensively investigated using transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Vickers microhardness tester and electron tensile tester.It is indicated that the structure of the alloy evolves into a predominant amorphous structure with a trace of nanocrystalline B2 phase after the cold-drawing of 76%areal reduction.Postdeformation annealing process exerted significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties.Crystallization occurs when the cold-drawn wire was annealed at 300℃ for 30 min.The ultimate tensile strength and ductility as well as the superelasticity of the wire are improved significantly by cold-drawing plus postdeformation annealing.     

中间退火温度对新能源汽车用4004/3003/4004铝合金复合板组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能拉伸试验机等设备,研究了中间退火温度对新能源汽车动力电池用4004/3003/4004三层铝合金复合板组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,复合板的包覆率未发生明显变化,复合界面清晰、平直,包覆率偏差较小。皮材4004铝合金层中的Si颗粒细小、弥散,尺寸为2～4 μm。中间退火温度为370 ℃时,芯材3003铝合金层中晶粒全部完成再结晶。随着中间退火温度的升高,复合板抗拉强度和屈服强度先急剧降低后趋于稳定,伸长率呈相反的变化趋势。中间退火温度为370 ℃时,复合板的强度和伸长率开始趋于稳定,故复合板最佳中间退火温度为370 ℃,此时复合板的抗拉强度为137 MPa,屈服强度为80 MPa,伸长率为31%。     

Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal

A nickel-based coating was deposited on the pure Al substrate by immersion plating, and the Al/Cu bimetals were prepared by diffusion bonding in the temperature range of 450–550 °C. The interface microstructure and fracture surface of Al/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu bimetals were measured by tensile shear and microhardness tests. The results show that the Ni interlayer can effectively eliminate the formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds. The Al/Ni interface consists of the Al₃Ni and Al₃Ni₂ phases, while it is Ni-Cu solid solution at the Ni/Cu interface. The tensile shear strength of the joints is improved by the addition of Ni interlayer. The joint with Ni interlayer annealed at 500 °C exhibits a maximum value of tensile shear strength of 34.7 MPa.     

Effect of bonding temperature and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical property of Mg−6Gd−3Y alloy vacuum diffusion bonded joints

Diffusion bonding of as-cast Mg?6Gd?3Y magnesium alloy was carried out at temperatures of 400?480 °C with bonding pressure of 6 MPa for 90 min. Diffusion bonded joints were solution treated at 495 °C for 14 h and then aged at 200 °C for 30 h. Microstructures and mechanical properties of joints were analyzed. The results showed that rare earth elements and their compounds gathering at bonding interface hindered the grain boundary migration crossing bonding interface. Tensile strength of as-bonded and as-solution treated joints increased firstly and then decreased with the bonding temperature increasing due to the combined effects of grain coarsening and solid-solution strengthening. As-bonded and solution-treated joints fractured at matrix except the joint bonded at 400 °C, while aged joints fractured at bonding interface. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 279 MPa with elongation of 2.8% was found in joint bonded at 440 °C with solution treatment followed by aging treatment.     

退火对AZ91/1060爆炸复合板界面的影响

将AZ91镁合金/1060纯铝爆炸复合板进行退火处理,对热处理前后结合界面处的显微组织、成分分布、力学性能进行分析和研究。结果表明,退火过程中镁元素易于向纯铝中扩散,扩散层主要位于靠近界面的纯铝中;退火后的复合板界面处的扩散层厚度和最高硬度均比未热处理时有明显提高,高硬度层从原始复合板界面的镁合金一侧转移到纯铝一侧,原始复合板中引起界面处硬度升高的原因是加工硬化效应,热处理后界面处的高硬度是由于在扩散层中产生镁-铝固溶体和金属间化合物;随着退火温度的升高,界面处扩散层厚度增加,组织中发生再结晶趋势增强,形变带逐渐消失。     

连接温度对Ti为中间层钨/铜合金扩散接头组织和强度的影响

选取Ti箔作为钨与铜合金(CuCrZr)连接的中间层,考察了连接温度对扩散连接接头的显微结构和强度性能的影响。结果表明:扩散层中脆性金属间化合物对接头强度有重要影响,当连接温度为1030℃时,Ti与Cu发生共晶反应全部转化为液相并且大部分被挤出连接区域,少量残留的金属间化合物促进接头强度提高,剪切强度甚至超过W母材。     

AZ31Mg/2A12Al爆炸复合板界面组织与性能

镁合金板上复合铝合金板对拓宽镁合金的使用范围具有重要意义.?采用爆炸焊接进行了镁合金板和铝合金板工艺试验,并制成镁合金和铝合金复合板.?使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察焊后复合板结合界面处的微观形貌,分析了界面形成过程.?使用显微硬度计和剪切试验机测量了复合板结合界面处的硬度和抗剪强度.?结果表明,经爆炸焊接后,复合...     

预孪生纯镁及AZ80镁合金退火过程力学性能演变及其机制

对同一加工工艺得到的挤压态纯镁和AZ80镁合金分别进行6%预压缩,之后对无预压缩和预压缩试样在180 ℃退火20 h,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜及压缩试验机等对其组织和强度进行了观察和测定,以研究预孪生纯镁及AZ80镁合金退火过程的性能演变及其机制。结果表明:6%预压缩纯镁经180 ℃退火20 h后,屈服强度较未退火试样降低,不存在退火硬化效应。无预压缩AZ80镁合金直接退火处理后,屈服强度与退火处理前几乎不变;而6%预压缩AZ80镁合金经180 ℃退火20 h后,因组织中有较多的白色第二相颗粒在孪晶和孪晶界析出,阻碍位错的运动和孪晶扩展,屈服强度较退火前提高了20 MPa,出现了明显的退火强化效应。