山东省焦家金矿的金赋存状态

采用显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了山东省焦家金矿的金赋存状态。研究发现,该矿石中载金矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、脉石矿物、闪锌矿和方铅矿。在硫化矿中金粒占77.12%,脉石中金粒占22.88%。金的赋存状态有裂隙金、包裹金和晶隙金,裂隙金占60.28%,包裹金占21.63%,晶隙金占18.09%。金矿物的形态主要有球状、三角形、矩形、条状和不规则形状。焦家金矿石中金矿物的粒度范围较大,大的颗粒达到100μm,小的金颗粒只有3-5μm,其中大于0.104mm粒级的金颗粒占1.50%,0.074～0.104mm粒级的金颗粒占5.26%,0.043～0.074mm粒级的金颗粒占23.31%,0.037～0.043mm粒级的金颗粒占3.76%,小于0.037mm的金颗粒占64.29%。焦家金矿石中金矿物有自然金、银金矿、自然银、含铁自然银、金铜矿和螺硫银矿。其中,银金矿是最重要的金矿物,占71.56%。金银矿物平均成色为641.24‰。     

紫金山铜金矿中金铜银的赋存状态研究

采用矿物自动分析仪(MLA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了紫金山金铜矿入选矿石中有价元素铜、金、银的赋存状态以及分选过程中的金属走向。结果表明,铜矿物主要有蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝、硫砷铜矿,金银以游离矿物和硫化物包裹体为主。铜矿物常见沿明矾石溶蚀孔洞或碎裂缝隙充填,与黄铁矿密切连生,从原矿中分选铜矿物,理论品位为Cu 69.70%,理论回收率93.55%。中粒金嵌布于铜矿物和黄铁矿矿物粒间或裂隙,可随着铜和硫的回收进入铜、硫精矿,金的理论回收率分别为57.19%和27.27%;微细金粒包裹于明矾石和石英中,随脉石损失于尾矿中。银以显微银为主,多见呈微细粒包裹于硫化矿物中,铜精矿和硫精矿中银的理论回收率分别为56.96%和26.71%。     

硫化矿物表面天然疏水性的密度泛函理论研究(英文)

采用密度泛函理论研究了水在硫化矿物表面的吸附以及硫化矿物的天然可浮性。为了排除氧气和其他因素的影响,所有的计算模型都是在真空环境下建立的。水分子是在黄铁矿与闪锌矿的表面,而不是在水里。对于方铅矿、辉铜矿、辉锑矿和辉钼矿,水分子是在水里,而不是在这些矿的表面。另一方面,黄铁矿表面亲氮气而不亲水,而闪锌矿表面不能吸附水。结果表明,方铅矿、辉锑矿、辉铜矿及辉钼矿是疏水的,而闪锌矿是亲水的。黄铁矿具有一定的亲水性,但是它更倾向于亲气,这是因为黄铁矿与水的作用要比与氮气的作用弱。因此,黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉铜矿、辉锑矿及辉钼矿都具有天然可浮性。     

云南某铜尾矿中铜和金的选矿回收试验

云南某铜尾矿主要金属矿物有黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等,黄铜矿以原生硫化铜为主,金以裸露金和黄铜矿包裹金为主。为综合回收其中有价铜、金,进行了选矿试验。试样在磨矿细度为-200目占85%的情况下采用两次粗选、第二次粗选后扫选、两次精选、第二次精选后扫选、混精矿再磨至-325目占85%、粗选后扫选精矿再磨至-325目占85%、中矿循序返回流程处理。最终获得铜品位15.51%、回收率68.34%、产率1.41%的铜金精矿,其中的金品位19.93 g/t、回收率54.04%,银品位231.72 g/t、回收率41.89%。     

纳米比亚某含银硫化铜矿选矿试验研究

纳米比亚Karas矿区罗雷铜矿区的原生矿铜主要以黄铜矿、斑铜矿等硫化铜矿物形式存在,银分别以银黝铜矿为主的独立银矿物和以黄铜矿为载体的载体银矿物形式存在,铜、银品位分别为0.60%和3.03 g/t。浮选试验结果表明,矿样适当细磨至-0.074 mm占80%,以石灰做调整剂,Z200做捕收剂,在矿浆p H值为8的条件下,可获得铜品位22.3%,银品位61.8 g/t的含银铜精矿,铜、银回收率分别为90.6%和51.8%。     

Mechanism of silver-influenced bacterial leaching of chalcopyrite, pyrite and a copper ore

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｈａｌｃｏｐｙｒｉｔｅｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｐｐｅｒｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓ.Ｂｉｏｈｙｄｒｏｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙｈａｓｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｂｅｃｏｍｅａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇｌｏｗ ｇｒａｄｅｃｏｐｐｅｒｏｒｅｓ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｍｉｎｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｓｔｏｂｅｆａｃｅｄｕｐｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｇｅｘｈａｕｓｔ…     

硫化矿物的浮选电化学与浮选行为

研究黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿等矿物在有/无捕收剂两种情况下的浮选行为,考察浮选与矿浆电位的关系。结果表明:当pH值分别小于4.0时,黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的电位区间为0~0.9 V;当pH值为4.0或11.0时,矿浆电位大于0.85 V以后,黄铁矿的浮选回收率低于20%;当pH值为11.0时,黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的矿浆电位区间为0.35~0.85 V。当pH值为10.0、丁黄药浓度为5×10-5 mol/L时,方铅矿浮选的矿浆电位为0.45~0.55 V,而黄铜矿在0.45~0.80 V的电位区间具有良好的浮选性能;对闪锌矿而言,当pH值为9.0时,矿浆电位在-0.40~0.80 V区间都不具有良好的可浮性。在浮选体系中,黄铜矿表面氧化会产生元素S0,当矿浆电位从-0.2V增大至0.6 V,黄铜矿表面氧化产生的元素S的数量逐渐增大,黄铜矿的无捕收剂浮选性能越来越好。从南京和青海2个铅锌矿山的应用情况来看,采用电位调控浮选技术可以大幅度缩短铅矿石的浮选时间,减少浮选机数量。例如在南京某铅锌矿,由于采用电位调控浮选技术,原来2个系列每天处理900 t矿石,现在采用一个系列即可处理。     

Kinetic Study on Catalytic Leaching of Sphalerite

This paper examines the influence of cobalt and silver ion concentration on the extraction and kinetics of zinc dissolution from sphalerite. The mechanism involves catalysis of a galvanic oxidation! reduction that produces elemental sulfur in place of SO₂ gas. A 95% maximum zinc recovery was achieved under the experimental conditions. The apparent activation energy suggested a diffusion controlled reaction. The research indicates that cobalt ions are more effective than silver ions because the replacement of zinc ions is facilitated by dimensional similarities between the zinc and cobalt.     

云南蒙自某锡多金属矿的工艺矿物学(英文)

通过以自动化电子探针为基础的矿物扫描和定量分析,研究云南某锡多金属矿的工艺矿物学。结果表明,矿石中锡(0.98%)为最有回收价值的金属,锡石和黝锡矿为锡的主要矿物,占锡总量的94.90%;其他金属,如铜(0.261%)、锌(0.612%)和铅(0.296%)可作为有价金属回收。磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿等矿物呈浸染状分布在矿石中。石英、绢云母和白云石为主要的脉石矿物。选择0.037mm作为最佳的磨矿细度以确保锡矿物的单体解离。     

Leaching of complex sulphide concentrate in acidic cupric chloride solutions

The chemical analysis of a complex sulphide concentrate by emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction shows that it contains essentially copper, lead, zinc and iron in the form of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. A small amount of pyrite is also present in the ore but does not be detected with X-ray diffraction. The cupric chloride leaching of the sulphide concentrate at various durations and solid/liquid ratios at 100 ℃ shows that the rate of dissolution of the ore is the fastest in the first several hours, and after 12 h it does not evolve significantly. If oxygen is excluded from the aqueous cupric chloride solution during the leaching experiment at 100 ℃, the pyrite in the ore will not be leached. The determination of principal dissolved metals in the leaching liquor by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and the chemical analysis of solid residues by emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction allow to conclude that the rate of dissolution of the minerals contained in the complex sulphide concentrate are in the order of galena 〉 sphalerite 〉 chalcopyrite.     

Selective depression of copper-activated sphalerite by polyaspartic acid during chalcopyrite flotation

Environmentally friendly flotation reagent, polyaspartic acid (PAPA), was tested as a potential selective depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and Cu-activated sphalerite. The depression mechanism of PAPA was revealed by contact angle measurements, Zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) measurement. The micro-flotation tests with single minerals showed that PAPA selectively depressed Cu-activated sphalerite, while chalcopyrite remained floatable. Moreover, a concentrate containing 31.40% Cu with a recovery of 92.43% was obtained in flotation tests of artificially mixed minerals. Results of contact angle measurements, Zeta potential measurements and FT-IR spectrum revealed that PAPA exerted a much stronger adsorption on Cu-activated sphalerite surface than on chalcopyrite surface, preventing the further adsorption of sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC) on its surface. ICP measurements indicated that PAPA had an excellent complexing ability with Cu²⁺ in flotation pulp, weakening the activation of Cu species on sphalerite surface and producing selective depression.     

Relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleaching by mixed thermophilic Archaea culture at 65 °C

The relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleaching by mixed thermophilic Archaea culture (Acidianus brierleyi, Metallosphaera sedula, Acidianus manzaensis and Sulfolobus metallicus) at 65 °C was studied. Leaching experiments showed that the addition of activated carbon could significantly promote the dissolution of chalcopyrite for both bioleaching and chemical leaching. The results of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, iron L-edge and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy indicated that activated carbon could change the transition path of electrons through galvanic interactions to form more readily dissolved secondary mineral chalcocite at a low redox potential (<400 mV) and then enhanced the copper dissolution. Jarosite accumulated immediately in the initial stage of bioleaching with activated carbon but copper dissolution was not hindered. However, much jarosite precipitated on the surface of chalcopyrite in the late stage of bioleaching, which might account for the decrease of copper dissolution rate. More elemental sulfur (S⁰) was also detected with additional activated carbon but the mixed thermophilic Archaea culture had a great sulfur oxidation activity, thus S⁰ was eliminated and seemed to have no significant influence on the dissolution of chalcopyrite.     

铅锌矿伴生金、银、铟、锗和镓综合回收利用综述

综述了我国铅锌矿中伴生贵金属金、银和稀散金属铟、锗和镓的资源概况,对相关回收技术进行了阐述。铅锌矿中的伴生金、银主要赋存于铅矿物中,低碱性条件有利于伴生金、银的浮选回收。稀散元素铟、锗和镓主要赋存于锌矿物中,回收率随锌矿物回收率的增加而增加;抑制锌的ZnSO4对稀散元素也有很强的抑制作用,CuSO4活化剂可显著提高稀散元素的品位及回收率。     

Alkaline sulfide pretreatment of an antimonial refractory Au-Ag ore for improved cyanidation

This paper presents the alkaline sulfide pretreatment of an antimonial refractory gold and silver ore. In the ore, gold occurs mainly as gold-silver alloys and as associated with quartz and framboidal pyrite grains, and, to a small extent, as the inclusions within antimonial sulfides. Silver is present extensively as antimonial sulfides such as andorite. Alkaline sulfide pretreatment was shown to allow the decomposition of the antimonial sulfide minerals (up to 98% Sb removal) and to remarkably improve the amenability of gold (e.g., from <49% up to 83%) and silver (e.g., from <18% up to 90%) to subsequent cyanide leaching. An increase in reagent concentration (1–4 mol/L Na₂S or NaOH) and temperature (20–80°C), and a decrease in particle size seem to produce an enhancing effect on metal extraction. These findings suggest that alkaline sulfide leaching can be suitably used as a chemical pretreatment method prior to the conventional cyanidation for antimonial refractory gold and silver ores.     

山东某含金磁黄铁矿浮选尾矿磁选回收试验研究

山东某含金磁黄铁矿原矿金品位1.60 g/t,硫品位1.86%,属含金硫铁矿。矿石性质研究结果表明,部分以磁黄铁矿为载体的金,矿物含量为0.96%,金品位8.25 g/t,原矿金分配率5.25%。生产流程对以磁黄铁矿为载体的金矿物的回收水平仍有提高空间。为了解决这一问题,开展了从生产原矿和生产尾矿中回收以磁黄铁矿为载体的金的对比试验,结果表明,磁选不宜用于原矿、重选不宜用于尾矿中载金磁黄铁矿的回收;尾矿磁选流程可以实现含金磁黄铁矿的有效富集,最终选择全粒级磁选工艺流程,获得了金品位1.52 g/t,硫品位2.87%的含金磁黄铁矿。尾矿金、硫回收率分别为52.09%、62.93%,对原矿回收率分别为12.27%、18.56%,实现了以磁黄铁矿为载体的金矿物的综合利用。     

Improving gold recovery of Pb–Zn sulfide ore by selective activation with organic acid

Free gold and gold wrapped in sulfides are considered as the object of gold floatation. However,floatation of free gold exhibits more variables in practice.In this study, improving gold recovery of a Pb–Zn sulfide ore from Yunnan Province, China, was investigated. The results show that free gold and auriferous sulfides account for 94.99 % of total gold. Without adding organic acid in floatation, only 82 % recovery of gold could be obtained.Gold recovery in Au/Pb concentrates increases by 9.29 %with oxalate added and by 7.35 % with citric acid added,respectively, while performances of lead and arsenic nearly keep a constant. A possible reason is that free gold is of wonderful selectivity against pyrite with organic activators.A new method to enhance gold recovery is proposed.     

从铅银渣中回收金银概况

为实现铅银渣中金银的综合回收,对铅银渣物理化学性质、有价金属含量、赋存状态、铅银渣中金银的回收方法、研究进展及其应用情况进行综述。铅银渣粒度细、酸度强、可溶物含量高,渣中矿物经历过相体转化由硫化物转变成氧化物,以再造矿物形式存在,选矿难度大;铅银渣有价金属铜、铅、锌、金、银含量较高,经济价值可观。目前,从铅银渣中回收金银的主要方法为浮选法、湿法、火法、湿法-火法联合、选冶联合等。通过分析各种方法优缺点,指出单一的浮选法流程简单、成本低,但金银回收率低;湿法、火法或湿法-火法工业应用良好,但是存在工艺复杂、成本高;选冶联合方法金属回收率高、流程适应性强,便于连续操作,具有较好的发展应用前景。     

氰化金泥处理过程产生的银渣中金、银的回收

为了回收金精炼氯化分金后生产银锭过程中副产品银渣中的金和银,对直接氰化及先酸溶再氰化处理效果进行了对比研究。结果表明,银渣经酸处理后,在优化条件下,其金浸出率可达95%以上,银浸出率可达90%左右,明显高于直接氰化;采用直接氰化处理方法,当银渣细磨至-0.038 mm占95%以上粒度时,氰化过程中加入碳酸氢铵,且氰化分段进行洗涤,延长浸出时间,可显著提高金、银浸出率。通过多次分段洗涤-氰化浸出工业试验,银渣中金回收率高达92.93%,银回收率84.17%。采用的方法操作过程简单,试剂消耗少,经济效益显著。     

Comparison on the leaching kinetics of chalcocite and pyrite with or without bacteria

The acid leaching, ferric leaching, and bioleaching of chalcocite and pyrite minerals were conducted in two sets of 3L stirred reactors. The dissolution rates of copper and iron were correlated with leaching conditions. In the acid leaching process, the dissolution rate of chalcocite was around 40wt.% while that of pyrite was less than 4%. In the ferric leaching process with high ferric concentration, only 10 wt.% of iron in pyrite was leached out at the same retention time though the copper recovery over 60 wt.% in chalcocite. For the bioleaching process, the chalcocite leaching rate was highly increased, nearly 90 wt.% of copper was leached out, and the iron dissolution of pyrite exceeded 70 wt.%. For the two minerals, the bioleaching shows the highest leaching rate compared with the acid leaching or ferric leaching. In uncontrolled bioleaching process, pyrite could be dissolved effectively. The experimental data were fitted to the shrinking core and particle model. The results show that in all the leaching tests, the chalcocite leaching was mainly controlled by diffusion, while for the pyrite leaching, chemical reaction is the main rate-determining step.     

硝硫混酸与Ag、Cu反应的动力学

用失重法探讨了硝硫混酸此例、浸出温度和时间等因素对银的溶解和铜的钝化的影响。结果表明:在一定的[HNO_3]范周内,较高温度时,银的溶解符合一级反应规律;求得银的溶解量与时间、HNO_3起始浓度等的关系式和相应的反应活化能;铜在此条件时是钝化的。本实验再一次证实了银的溶解和铜的钝化机理的正确性,也为银、铜的分离提供了实验依据。