Use of ferricyanide for gold and silver cyanidation

Low gold and silver leaching kinetics has been commonly observed in traditional gold-silver cyanidation process, especially in heap leaching and in situ leaching operations. The different mineralogy of gold and silver in the ores is suspected to be the main reason, e.g., the occurrence of low solubility acanthite (Ag2S) typically results in low overall silver extraction. Due to the low solubility of oxygen in cyanide solution, the reactivity and availability of oxidant is believed to be the critical limitation for gold and silver dissolution. The use of ferricyanide as the auxiliary oxidant for gold and silver cyanidation has been examined. The rotating disc test results prove the assistant effect of ferricyanide on increasing the dissolution rate of gold and silver. The potential use of ferricyanide in gold/silver cyanidation process is proposed based on the leaching results of actual ores.     

金、银和铜氰化溶解速率及硫离子对其影响的比较

用旋转圆盘法在相同的实验条件下，对金、银、铜的氰化溶解速率进行比较研究。当氰化钠浓度为5．00g／L、圆盘转速为600r／min、温度为30℃时，获得表观速率常数的顺序为：Au〈Ag〈Cu。在氰化钠溶液中加入微量硫化钠后，硫离子抑制氰化反应的影响程度则为：Au〉Ag〉Cu。分析讨论了电化学反应机理，提出了相应的观点并对实验结果进行了解释。     

从铅银渣中回收金银概况

为实现铅银渣中金银的综合回收,对铅银渣物理化学性质、有价金属含量、赋存状态、铅银渣中金银的回收方法、研究进展及其应用情况进行综述。铅银渣粒度细、酸度强、可溶物含量高,渣中矿物经历过相体转化由硫化物转变成氧化物,以再造矿物形式存在,选矿难度大;铅银渣有价金属铜、铅、锌、金、银含量较高,经济价值可观。目前,从铅银渣中回收金银的主要方法为浮选法、湿法、火法、湿法-火法联合、选冶联合等。通过分析各种方法优缺点,指出单一的浮选法流程简单、成本低,但金银回收率低;湿法、火法或湿法-火法工业应用良好,但是存在工艺复杂、成本高;选冶联合方法金属回收率高、流程适应性强,便于连续操作,具有较好的发展应用前景。     

Characterization of refractory behaviour of complex gold/silver ore by diagnostic leaching

The amenability of a refractory ore to the extraction of gold and silver by cyanide leaching was investigated. Diagnostic leaching tests were also performed to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The leaching tests show that the extraction of gold and silver is consistently low, i.e. ≤47% and ≤19.2%, respectively, over a leaching period of 24 h. Even fine grinding (e.g. ＜38 μm) does not improve the recovery of gold and silver. Diagnostic leaching approach provides information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings suggest that the refractoriness is induced by the dissemination and encapsulation of the very fine gold and silver particles largely in the carbonates, oxides and sulfides and, to a small extent, with silicates present in the ore matrix. These findings highlight the practical importance of diagnostic leaching for the understanding of the refractory characteristic of such an ore and for the identification of possible pretreatment options to overcome its refractoriness prior to cyanide leaching.     

含铜污泥还原熔炼过程金银捕集分布规律研究

含铜污泥还原熔炼过程产出金属铜相(Cu)和锍相(冰铜,mt),铜、镍、金和银在两相中均有分布,统计了约100批次熔炼产品,分析其分布规律。结果表明,金、银在铜相中的分布系数(βAu Cu、βAg Cu)与铜在铜相中的分布系数βCu Cu呈正相关,说明铜相对金、银的捕集能力比锍强,且对金的捕集能力强于银;银分配系数LAg与铜、镍在铜相中的分布系数(βCu Cu、βNi Cu)呈正相关,金、银分配系数(LAu、LAg)与锍相中镍含量([Ni]mt)均呈弱负相关,说明锍相对银的捕集能力强于金。     

Co-intensification of gold leaching with heavy metals and hydrogen peroxide

Co-intensification was researched to accelerate gold leaching with regards to its electrochemical nature by using anodic intensifiers of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Bi3+, Tl+, Hg2+ and Ag+) on the basis of hydrogen peroxide assistant leaching on three different types of materials which were classified as a refractory sulphide gold concentrate, an easily leachable sulphide gold concentrate, and a low grade oxide gold ore according to their leaching characteristics. The results showed that, favorable co-intensification effects on the three materials were obtained and leaching time of gold was effectively shortened to no longer than 12 h from 16 to 24 h for hydrogen peroxide assistant leaching. For the five tested heavy metal ions, Bi3+and Tl+ presented co-intensifying effect on all the three materials, and Hg2+ caused co-intensifying effect on both refractory and easily leachable sulphide gold concentrates, and Pb2+ and Ag+ only had co-intensifying effect on the easily leachable sulphide gold concentrate.     

难选氧化金矿氰化助浸试验研究

甘肃某金矿中金属矿物含量较少,以褐铁矿、黄铁矿为主,脉石矿物主要有石英、粘土矿物等.探索试验表明氰化浸出获得指标明显优于浮选、重选法.采用助浸剂可以提高金的氰化浸出率,其中混合助浸剂HZ可同时降低氰化钠用量,缩短浸出时间.采用优化工艺条件,在磨矿细度-74μm占90％,石灰用量3000 g/t,矿浆浓度40％,混合助浸...     

预浸-氰化浸出回收湿法炼锌渣中的银和金

某冶炼厂的锌浸出渣中银勘布粒度细,含银、金分别为381.3、1.02 g/t,可采用预浸-预浸渣氰化浸出工艺回收。重点研究了预浸条件对银、金浸出效率的影响。条件实验表明,药剂A比酸浸、氨浸具有更好的预浸效果;最佳预浸条件为药剂A浓度200 g/L、浸出液固比2:1、在50℃浸出3 h。综合条件实验得到的预浸渣渣率为66.2%,金、银的氰化浸出回收率分别为85.7%、92.9%。     

难冶金精矿烟尘中铁砷碳的脱除对氰化浸金的影响

以难冶金精矿烟尘为原料,研究了氢氧化钠浸出、硫酸浸出以及硫酸与氢氧化钠联合浸出对烟尘中砷、铁和碳脱除及氰化浸金的影响。结果表明:在氢氧化钠浓度为6mol/L时,砷、碳脱除率分别为99.66%和60.63%,金浸出率为58.90%,较直接氰化浸出仅提高4.60%,砷的有效去除不能有效提高金的浸出率。在硫酸质量分数为15%时,铁、砷和碳脱除率分别为33.65%、80.38%和12.59%,金的浸出率为80.40%,与氢氧化钠浸出相比,硫酸浸出解离铁能有效提高金的浸出率。烟尘分别经过质量分数为15%硫酸浸出后氰化浸金,两次2 mol/L氢氧化钠浸出和氰化浸金后,烟尘中铁、砷和碳的总脱除率分别为33.65%、95.63%和79.60%,渣率为80.33%。此时,金的总浸出率为91.90%,氰化渣中金的含量为3.31g/t。与烟尘直接氰化浸出相比金的浸出率提高37.60%。     

Investigation of the tarnish on the surface of a panda gold coin

In natural environment, tarnish was observed on the surface of historic and contemporary gold coins in several countries. Few years after the emergence of panda gold coins, several red spots were appeared on the surface. To identify the stains and to examine the spots, optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, electron microprobe analysis （EMPA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used. It was found by microscopic observation that the stain has a dark blue central area surrounded by a large area with a nuance of colors from brown to red. Red spots usually contain holes in the center, which are distributed along the forging stress zones formed in the struck process. From the surface analyses using EMPA, sulfur and silver are detected besides gold, and the contents of Ag and S at the tarnish part are higher than those at the other part. Furthermore, distributions of Ag and S are correlated with the morphology of stains. XPS shows that components of stains are Ag2S and Ag2SO4 and the former is much predominant. These results are confirmed using XRD analysis. Accelerated tarnish test of gold in an atmosphere containing sulfur compound proves that the similar phenomenon appears when a small amount of silver is present on the surface of gold. It can be concluded that the occurrence of tarnish stains is caused by the presence of Ag and S.     

用铁粉置换回收氰化金泥精炼废水中的金和银

采用铁粉置换处理山东黄金冶炼有限公司氰化金泥精炼废水,考察了铁粉用量、pH值、反应温度和置换时间等因素对金、银置换率的影响.条件实验确定的最佳工艺技术条件为:保持原液pH=0.5,铁粉用量2.5 kg/m3、反应温度60℃、置换时间30 min,金和银的置换率在95％和97％以上;在工业应用中银的置换率进一步提高到98...     

紫金山铜金矿中金铜银的赋存状态研究

采用矿物自动分析仪(MLA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了紫金山金铜矿入选矿石中有价元素铜、金、银的赋存状态以及分选过程中的金属走向。结果表明,铜矿物主要有蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝、硫砷铜矿,金银以游离矿物和硫化物包裹体为主。铜矿物常见沿明矾石溶蚀孔洞或碎裂缝隙充填,与黄铁矿密切连生,从原矿中分选铜矿物,理论品位为Cu 69.70%,理论回收率93.55%。中粒金嵌布于铜矿物和黄铁矿矿物粒间或裂隙,可随着铜和硫的回收进入铜、硫精矿,金的理论回收率分别为57.19%和27.27%;微细金粒包裹于明矾石和石英中,随脉石损失于尾矿中。银以显微银为主,多见呈微细粒包裹于硫化矿物中,铜精矿和硫精矿中银的理论回收率分别为56.96%和26.71%。     

不同形貌的银对导电胶性能的影响

银的形貌、银表面的润滑剂、树脂基体的成分、固化过程等都会影响导电胶的性能。其中，银的形貌是一个关键的因素。论文研究了在相同条件不同形貌的银对导电胶性能的影响。将银片、银球和银线用戊二酸处理以消除其他因素的影响，然后这些银粒子被用作导电填料与环氧树脂混合制备导电胶。研究了不同形貌银粉制备的导电胶热降解性能、导电性能、机械性能及贮存稳定性。结果表明在相同条件下银线制备的导电胶具有最低电阻率和渗流阈值、最好的机械性能、以及较好的贮存稳定性，银片制备的导电胶导电性能和贮存稳定性比用银球制备的导电胶好，但机械性能比用银球制备的导电胶差。     

不同温度下HNO3改性对活性炭吸附银的影响

使用浓HNO3分别在常温和沸腾状态下对活性炭进行改性，用FTIR和N2吸附法对活性炭进行表面分析，使用AAS，SEM和XRD研究银在活性炭表面的吸附和分布特征。研究结果表明：活性炭经常温浓HNO3改性后，比表面积和孔容都明显提高，而经沸腾浓HNO3改性后，比表面积和孔容却明显减小，但2种改性方式都使活性炭表面产生更多的含氧基团，为[Ag（NH3）2]^＋的吸附还原提供更多的活性点，从而使活性炭表面银颗粒更加密集；常温浓HNO3改性极大地促进了[Ag（NH3）2]^＋的吸附还原，当银离子初始质量浓度为600mg／L时，活性炭对银的吸附量是原炭的5倍多；而活性炭沸腾浓HNO3改性使银的吸附量略有下降，但银颗粒却更加细小而密集，有利于活性炭表面纳米银颗粒的形成。     

水相添加表面活性剂CTAB对TBP萃取低浓度金的影响

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