造孔剂含量对SiC/Al复合材料抗弯强度的影响

采用无压熔浸法制备SiC/Al复合材料,并利用颗粒堆积和毛细管力的静力学理论研究造孔剂含量对SiC/Al复合材料抗弯强度的影响.通过扫描电镜对试样的断口形貌进行分析,发现造孔剂含量为20%(质量分数)时,残余孔隙较小,而造孔剂含量为10%和15%时,残余孔隙较大.造孔剂含量对抗弯强度产生影响,随造孔剂含量增加,抗弯强度先增大后减小,造孔剂为20%时,抗弯强度出现最大值343.63 MPa.     

ZrH2/6063Al复合材料界面反应研究

采用热等静压工艺制备了ZrH2/6063Al复合材料,对其在H2气氛中热处理,研究了热处理过程中基体Al合金与增强相ZrH2颗粒的界面反应特性,采用SEM和XRD分析了ZrH2/6063Al复合材料经热处理后的微观组织和相结构.结果表明:采用热等静压的方法可以制得较为致密的样品,且不会引起样品相结构的变化;在H2气氛中热处理时,Al与ZrH2反应生成Al3Zr.     

WC_p/2024铝合金复合材料界面反应的分析

采用真空热压法在不同温度下制备了体积分数为12%的WCp/2024Al复合材料,试验中所用WC原始粉末的平均粒径分别为2μm和8μm.利用XRD、SEM、EDS等方法对增强颗粒与基体金属之间的界面反应进行了研究.结果表明,界面反应的主要产物为WAl12,但是当制备温度较高时,界面反应产物中出现少量Al5W,并且WCp(2μm)/2024Al复合材料界面反应的起始温度低于WCp(8μm)/2024Al复合材料.硬度测试结果表明,界面反应发生后,复合材料的硬度提高,最高比例达50%.     

Solid reaction between Al and B4C

Abstract

In the present work, solid reaction products formed by a mixture of aluminium and boron carbide (B₄C) powder heat treated under low pressure were studied. No significant reaction between B₄C and Al could be detected for reaction temperatures of 600°C or less. However, at 640°C, and over a short treatment time (1 h), a solid reaction took place between boron carbide and aluminium with the formation of A1₃BC and AlB₂. Meanwhile, over a longer treatment time (36 h), the detectable product phase between boron carbide and aluminium was AlB₁₂.     

B4C增强相颗粒粒度对Al基复合板材强度的影响

在颗粒增强相B4C质量分数相同的情况下,研究颗粒尺寸对B4C/6061Al复合材料轧制板材抗拉强度的影响。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、能谱分析等对B4C/6061Al复合材料板材的组织和断口形貌进行观察和分析。实验结果表明,随B4C颗粒尺寸的减小,板材相对密度降低,抗拉强度提高,当加入颗粒尺寸不一的混合型B4C颗粒时,试件中的缺陷明显减少,相对密度显著提高,抗拉强度相对单一B4C粒度制备的复合材料提高18%;复合材料板材轧制方向和横向方向的试件拉伸试验表明,试样的纵向抗拉强度比横向提高15%。并探讨了B4C颗粒尺寸对复合材料板材强度的影响机理。     

Fiber strength and fiber/matrix bond strength in single crystal Al2O3 fiber reinforced Ni3Al based composites

A series of single-crystal A1₂O₃ fiber (Saphikon), reinforced Ni₃Al-based composites were fabricated by a liquid metal infiltration technique, pressure casting. Tensile testing and indentation techniques have been employed to measure fiber strength and fiber/matrix interfacial debond shear stress. The Weibull mean strength of the fiber has been observed to decrease drastically upon handling, exposure to high temperature, and casting. Alloying of Ni₃Al with Ti has resulted in a further decrease in fiber strength. Thermal expansion mismatch between the fiber and matrix led to the formation of compressive twins in the fiber. These twins, forming on planes, produced cracks at their intersections, which were parallel to the fiber axis,c-axis. Twin-induced fiber cracking was observed in all cases, but most predominantly when Cr was present. While addition of Cr at the 1 at. pct level had no appreciable effect on the interfacial debond shear stress, addition of 0.5 at. pct Cr resulted in an approximately threefold increase in debond stress, from 19 MPa to about 54.5 MPa. Alloying of Ni₃Al with Cr has also resulted in partial dissolution of the A1₂O₃ fiber. Addition of Ti had a moderate effect on increasing the fiber/matrix bond strength.     

Tailoring interfacial shear strength of SiC fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composites

The interfacial shear strength of Nicalon SiC fiber-reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composites was aimed to be tailored via two methods: (1) varying of the thickness of the carbon-rich interfacial layer between the fiber and the matrix by controlling hot pressing period and (2) formation of the secondary interfacial layer, TaC, at the carbon/matrix boundary by doping the Ta₂O₅ matrix addition. In the series of composites with varying carbon-rich layer thickness, fiber/matrix debonding mostly occurred at the carbon/matrix boundary and hence the increase in the carbon-rich layer thickness did not cause any apparent changes in the interfacial shear strength. In the TaC formed series of composites, the interfacial shear strength was affected considerably by the presence of the TaC phase at carbon/matrix boundary. The Ta₂O₅ addition to control the quantity of the TaC phase has shown to be a useful method to tailor the interfacial shear strength of SiC fiber/glass-ceramic composites.     

Synergistic effects of wear and corrosion for Al2O3 particulate-reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites

Wear corrosion of alumina particulate-reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites in a 3.5 wt pct NaCl solution with a revised block-on-ring wear tester has been investigated. The studies involved the effects of applied load, rotational speed, and environments (dry air and 3.5 pct NaCl solution) on the wear rates of materials. Also various specimens with Al₂O₃ volume fractions of 0, 10, 15, and 20 pct were employed in this work. Electrochemical measurements and electron micrographic observations were conducted to clarify the micromechanisms of wear corrosion in such metal matrix composites. Experimental results indicated that the wear rate of monolithic 6061 Al in either dry wear or wear corrosion was reduced by adding alumina reinforcements. However, the effect of volume fraction on wear rate is only minor in dry wear, while it is significant in the case of wear corrosion. Wear-corrosion tests also showed that the corrosion potential shifted to the active side and the current density for an applied potential increased with the decrease of Al₂O₃ volume fraction in the materials and the increase in applied load and rotational speed. Although the incorporation of reinforcement in these aluminum matrix composites was deterimental to their corrosion resistance, the influence on wear corrosion was favorable.     

Influence of interfacial reactions on the fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength in sapphire fiber-reinforced Nial(Yb) composites

The influence of microstructure of the fiber-matrix interface on the interfacial shear strength, measured using a fiber-pushout technique, has been examined in a sapphire-fiber-reinforced NiAl(Yb) matrix composite under the following conditions: (1) as-fabricated powder metallurgy (PM) composites, (2) PM composites after solid-state heat treatment (HT), and (3) PM com-posites after directional solidification (DS). The fiber-pushout stress-displacement behavior con-sisted of an initial “pseudoelastic” region, wherein the stress increased linearly with displacement, followed by an “inelastic” region, where the slope of the stress-displacement plot decreased until a maximum stress was reached, and the subsequent gradual stress decreased to a “fric-tional” stress. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray analyses showed that the inter-facial region in the PM NiAl(Yb) composites was comprised of Yb₂O₃,O-rich NiAl and some spinel oxide (Yb₃Al₅O₁₂), whereas the interfacial region in the HT and DS composites was comprised mainly of Yb₃Al₅O₁₂. A reaction mechanism has been proposed to explain the pres-ence of interfacial species observed in the sapphire-NiAl(Yb) composite. The extent of inter-facial chemical reactions and severity of fiber surface degradation increased progressively in this order: PM < HT < DS. Chemical interactions between the fiber and the NiAl(Yb) matrix resulted in chemical bonding and higher interfacial shear strength compared to sapphire-NiAl composites without Yb. Unlike the sapphire-NiAl system, the frictional shear stress in the sap-phire-NiAl(Yb) composites was strongly dependent on the processing conditions. Formerly Research Associate, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cleveland State University     

B_4C/6061铝基复合材料疲劳性能及断裂机制

基于轻质、高强和耐磨等诸多优势,铝基碳化硼复合材料已成为集结构/功能一体化的新型材料。本文采用粉末冶金及轧制方法,制备出厚度3.5 mm、碳化硼质量分数为33%的B4C/Al复合材料板材,并对其疲劳性能和断裂机制进行分析。在1×107循环次数下,铝基碳化硼复合材料板材的疲劳强度达到110 MPa。采用SEM对疲劳断口进行观察,结果表明B4C/Al复合材料疲劳断口可清楚的看到裂纹的萌生、扩展和失稳断裂的典型特征,但存在多种形式的疲劳启裂源。疲劳裂纹扩展路径取决于裂纹尖端塑性区的半径和B4C颗粒的间距大小,当增强颗粒的间距小于塑性区半径时,裂纹主要沿着颗粒的连接界面或断裂的碳化硼颗粒扩展,当增强颗粒的间距大于塑性区半径时,有利于裂纹尖端钝化,减缓裂纹的扩展和方向改变。     

掺杂Nb2O5对RHP合成Al2O3-TiAl复合材料的影响

采用反应热压(RHP)工艺,利用Ti、Al、TiO2及Nb2O5之间的放热反应,在较低温度下制备了Nb2O5强化Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助XRD、OM及SEM等手段,考察了Nb2O5对Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的相分布及组织结构的影响.结果表明:材料产物由γ-TiAl、α2-Ti3Al、Al2O3和NbAl3相构成,Al2O3颗粒分布于基体交界处,存在一定的偏聚.Nb2O5的引入,使得γ-TiAl相含量减少,α2-Ti3Al相含量增大;基体晶粒有所细化,且分布逐渐趋于均匀.当Nb2O5的引入量(质量分数)为6%时,组织主要由α2-Ti3Al/γ-TiAl层片状晶团组成,出现了较完整的γ-TiAl晶粒,属于近片层(NL)组织结构,层片状晶团的尺寸小于50μm,γ晶粒尺寸小于5μm.力学性能测试表明,当Nb2O5的引入量(质量分数)为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593MPa,硬度为4.77 GPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.93MPa·m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能.     

The effect of interfacial reaction layer thickness on fracture of titanium-SiC particulate composites

Composites of commercial-purity Ti reinforced with 10 vol pct of SiC particles have been produced by cospraying and by powder blending and extrusion. Interfacial reaction layers have been studied by electron and optical microscopy and by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) of fracture surfaces. The work of fracture has been measured as a function of reaction layer thickness for extruded and heat-treated composites. Material with very thin reaction layers (<∼0.1 μn) can be produced by cospraying, but porosity levels are relatively high (∼5 to 10 pct). Extruded material has been produced with a thin reaction layer (∼0.2 μm) and low porosity (<1 pct). It appears that the rate of reaction conforms with published parabolic rate constant data over a wide range of time and temperature. The reaction layer always consists of TiC and Ti₅Si₃, but the TiC grains tend to be larger than those of Ti₅Si₃. As the reaction layer thickness becomes greater than about 1 μm, the work of fracture falls sharply and the cracking pattern changes from one involving fracture of SiC particles to one in which cracking between the particles and adjacent reaction zones becomes predominant. It is suggested that the volume contraction accompanying this reaction, calculated at about 4.6 pct from density data, has a significant effect in promoting crack formation in these locations by generating radial tensile stresses across the interface. Thus, for this particular composite system, the important effect of a thicker reaction layer may be that it promotes the formation of an interfacial crackvia an effect on the local stress state, rather than itself constituting a larger flaw in the form of a through-thickness crack assumed to be present.     

稀释剂对Al2O3(f)/Ti-Al原位复合材料纤维相的影响

以Ti、Al、TiO2及Al2O3为原料,制成预制体,通过石墨与Al2O3混合粉对预制体的覆埋实现气氛保护并进行热处理,使其原位合成Al2O3纤维增强Ti-Al金属间化合物复合材料.考察了Al2O3对材料断口形貌组织、物相成分的影响,并结合DTA进行了热力学分析.XRD表明,外加Al2O3后材料氮化严重,主晶相由Al3Ti变为AlN.SEM表明,材料基体周围分布大量纤维,稀释剂Al2O3的加入有利于纤维的生长及分布.