非连续增强钛基复合材料的热处理研究进展

综述了非连续增强钛基复合材料热处理的研究现状,主要分析了热处理工艺对复合材料微观组织与力学性能的影响,提出了当前研究中存在的问题和今后潜在的发展方向.     

Comparative experimental study on the modification of microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded and gas metal arc welded EN AW‐6061 O aluminum alloys by post‐weld heat treatment

In this paper, the effects of post‐weld heat treatment on modification of microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded and gas metal arc welded AA6061‐O plates were compared with each other. Gas metal arc welding and friction stir welding were used as the applicable welding processes for AA6061‐O alloys. The applied post‐weld heat treatment consisted of solution heat treatment, followed by water quenching and finally artificial aging. The samples were classified as post‐weld heat treated and as‐welded joints. The microstructural evolution, tensile properties, hardness features and fracture surfaces of both as‐welded and post‐weld heat treated samples were reported. The results clearly showed that friction stir welding process demonstrated better and more consistent mechanical properties by comparison with the gas metal arc welding process. The weld region of as‐welded samples exhibited a higher hardness value of 80 HV0.1 compared to the base material. In addition, the feasibility of post‐weld heat treatment in order to enhance the mechanical properties and to obtain more homogeneous microstructure of 6061‐O aluminum alloys was evaluated.     

Effect of β heat treatment temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ titanium matrix composites

TiB and La₂O₃ reinforced titanium matrix composites were in situ prepared by casting and hot working. An effort was made to investigate relationship between β heat treatment temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature, 600, 650 and 700 °C, respectively. Results indicated that composites treated at 10 °C above β transus points obtained fine grain microstructures and superior mechanical properties. When composites were treated at 20 °C above β transus points, the larger α colonies sizes led extremely decreased strength and the effect of reinforcements’ volume fraction on matrix of composites was reduced; dominant failure modes at high temperatures also differed from the fine microstructure.     

Processing TiAl-Based Alloy by Elemental Powder Metallurgy

1. IntroductionTiAl based alloy has long been considered as apromising candidate for high temperature applications, because it has a high specific strength and goodhigh temperattire properties[1-31. The main methods for the preparation of TiAl based alloys includecasting and powder metallurgy. In general, thermomechanical treatment (such as forging and extrusion)and subsequellt heat treatment should be conductedfor cajst TiAl-based alloys in order to refine the coarsemicrostructure[4,5], whe…     

钕对颗粒增强钛基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用真空自耗电极电弧熔炼制成钕氧化物颗粒增强钛基复合材料.分析了不同Nd含量的钕氧化物颗粒增强钛基复合材料的组织.测试了复合材料棒材的拉伸、热稳定性、持久和蠕变等力学性能.结果表明,Nd元素的加入能够明显地细化铸锭的低倍组织和β热处理棒材的显微组织.随着加入的Nd含量增加,钕氧化物颗粒尺寸增大,其体积分数也明显增多.Nd元素的加入对复合材料的力学性能有利,尤其是高温性能.     

电子束熔丝沉积4043/4074铝合金的组织与力学性能

目的 研究电子束熔丝沉积Al-Si合金的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。方法 采用电子束熔丝沉积快速成形技术,分别对直径2 mm的4043和4047铝合金丝材进行增材制造成形,研究样品在不同方向上的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。结果 打印态的4043和4047合金的致密度分别为99.81%和99.88%,热处理后略有降低,分别为98.94%和99.77%。打印态样品中含有一些由硅颗粒和杂质相组成的条带状微观组织。打印态样品中含有近似等轴状与棒状的两类细小Si颗粒。打印态样品在长、宽、高3个方向上的拉伸强度相当,4043合金的抗拉强度为120~127 MPa,伸长率为12%~30%;4047合金的抗拉强度为151~155 MPa,伸长率为15%~30%。经热处理后,样品的强度略有降低,但伸长率显著提升。结论 通过控制EBF3参数,可以获得致密无缺陷的具有良好力学性能的块体Al-Si合金样品,其力学性能可通过后续热处理进一步调控。     

半固态触变挤压对ZA27合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过与常规铸造方法的比较,研究半固态触变挤压对ZA27合金变质、热处理组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:半固态挤压态合金的密度较铸态合金提高了3%,合金经Sc变质或者半固态挤压都获得了细小而均匀的近似球状组织,而Sc变质结合半固态挤压的球状组织具有最高的圆整度;经T6热处理的半固态挤压合金由细小的初生α相和共析(α+η)组织组成,说明半固态挤压可促进ε相溶解、减少三元共晶(β+η+ε)组织的含量。力学性能测试表明,ZA27合金经半固态挤压+Sc变质+T6热处理后其抗拉强度,伸长率和布氏硬度分别达到586.01MPa,17.57%及171HB。     

CrCoNi基多主元合金研究进展

总结了近期引起国内外众多学者关注的CrCoNi基多主元合金的研究现状.首先简要地介绍了CrCoNi基合金的发展历史,详细分析了该合金的变形机理,其中包括变形孪晶的形成原因及其对合金性能产生的影响.其次介绍了包括冷轧、 热轧和增材制造在内的多种加工工艺对该合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.目前制备CrCoNi合金应用最广泛的...     

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Specific Heat Capacity of Nickel-Based Alloys

Alloy-718 and Udimet alloy 720 are gamma prime strengthened superalloys with excellent mechanical and thermal properties at elevated temperatures, as well as at cryogenic temperatures. The nickel-based alloys were improved to be resistant to creep and become stronger by changing the heat-treatment conditions. The measurement of the specific heat capacity of a nickel-based alloy is a very useful tool to investigate the effect of heat treatment. The specific heat capacity of nickel-based alloys Alloy-718 and Udimet alloy 720 were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter in the temperature range of 100 – 1000 K. The specific heat capacity of the nickel-based alloys increases monotonically with temperature; however, above 800 K, it is strongly dependent on the heat treatment conditions and it is thought to be influenced by the precipitation phase (γ′, γ′′). Optical and scanning electron microscopies are used to investigate the microstructure of the phases. The microstructures of the precipitates are examined.Paper presented at the Seventh Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference, August 23–28, 2004, Hefei and Huangshan, Anhui, P. R. China.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu–6.9Ni–2.97Al–0.99Fe–1.06Mn alloy

ABSTRACT

The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructures of Cu–6.9Ni–2.97Al–0.99Fe–1.06Mn alloys was investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy mainly consists of an alpha-copper matrix and γ-phase Ni₃Al particles. The microstructure of the alloy after solution treatment at 950°C for 2?h is a single-phase alpha-copper supersaturated solid solution and the second-phase strengthening disappears. After ageing treatment at 550°C for 6?h, the γ-phase particles are fully precipitated, and the mechanical properties of the alloy are significantly improved. The tensile strength is increased from 305 to 588?MPa. Quasi-cleavage fracture with shallow dimples appeared in the Cu–6.9Ni–2.97Al–0.99Fe–1.06Mn alloy aged at 550°C for 6?h.     

镁基复合材料力学性能与微观组织研究

采用了液态浸渗法制备了Al2O3短纤维和SiC颗粒混杂增强镁合金复合材料.研究了浸渗压力对镁基复合材料力学性能和微观组织的影响.研究表明,当浸渗压力从0.4 MPa增加到60 MPa的过程中,由于组织的密实使得力学性能上升;随着浸渗压力的增加,将导致预制体受到压缩变形,纤维折断,从而导致综合力学性能下降.     

Dependence of the mechanical properties and microstructure of ultralight magnesium-lithium-aluminum alloy on heat treatment conditions

Although magnesium-lithium-based alloys demonstrate superior workability and lower densities than conventional magnesium alloys, their mechanical properties require improvement. In this study, the effect of heat treatment conditions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesium-lithium-aluminum alloys was investigated. Tensile tests were conducted on the alloys, and the results showed that the yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and total elongation were significantly dependent on the heat treatment conditions. The relationship between the yield stress and grain size was not governed by the Hall-Petch relationship. The activation volume of various heat-treated samples estimated from the strain rate jump test was smaller for higher yield stress. Wide-angle x-ray scattering indicated that the second phase with a Bragg spacing of 1.7 nm was generated after heat treatment. It is found that the state of the second phase periodic structure affects the mechanical properties of the magnesium-lithium-aluminum alloy.     

Rejuvenation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a service-exposed IN939 superalloy by heat treatments

Effect of heat treatment on the recovery of microstructure and mechanical properties of a service-exposed IN939 superalloy was studied. Four-stage heat treatment was performed on the service-exposed alloy. The microstructures of the service-exposed and rejuvenated alloys were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. The hardness, tension, and stress-rupture tests were carried out to characterise the mechanical properties. The results showed that the heat treatment could rejuvenate the microstructure of the alloy that was deteriorated during the service at high temperatures. Decomposed MC carbides were transformed to new fine carbides, continuous M23C6 carbides were dissolved and new discontinuous carbides along the grain boundaries were regenerated and, finally, the fine γ? particles were reformed. The microstructural recovery resulted in an increase in the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy. The results also showed that the creep behavior of the alloy at a testing temperature of 850°C could be improved by the heat treatment.     

T4 热处理对石膏型 AZ91 铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响

用石膏型熔模铸造技术,成功制备了AZ91镁合金铸件.用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)以及电子万能实验机等,研究了AZ91镁合金铸态及T4热处理态的显微组织演变和力学性能.结果表明,分布在铸态AZ91镁合金晶界的网状β-Mg17Al12相在T4热处理过程中逐渐溶解,铸态和T4热处理态中均存在大量的A18Mn5化合物,T4处理后,其力学性能显著提高.     

后热处理对C_f/ZrC复合材料微观结构及性能的影响

以C/C复合材料为基材、Zr_2Cu合金为渗剂,采用低温反应熔渗工艺制备得到碳纤维增强碳化锆陶瓷基复合材料(Cf/ZrC),重点研究后热处理对Cf/ZrC复合材料微观结构及性能的影响。结果表明:经1400~2200℃热处理后,材料密度下降,开孔率增大;材料在后热处理过程中会发生残余富铜熔体的流失、ZrC基体体积分数的增加以及ZrC基体结构的破坏;后热处理造成材料力学性能下降,热处理温度达到2200℃时,材料的弯曲强度保留率仅为52.3%。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑复合材料的微结构与性能

以甲基磺酸(MSA)为溶剂通过溶液共混法制备了不同多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)含量的多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(MWNTs/PBO)复合材料, 用扫描电镜(SEM)对热处理前后复合材料的微结构进行了分析, 并对其导电、力学和耐热性能进行了研究。结果表明: MWNTs能均匀地分散在聚合物基体中, 并能形成一定的网络结构, 热处理后的复合材料较热处理前的结构更致密, 导电性能和力学性能都有所改善, 其中MWNTs质量分数为10％的热处理后复合材料与纯PBO聚合物相比, 体积电阻率降低约9个数量级, 而拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了95％和53％, 耐热性能也有一定的提高。      

高温热变形条件下Ni-Ti形状记忆合金的微结构演变

采用真空感应法炼制了不同氧、碳含量的NiTi和NiTiNb形状记忆合金 .分析研究了合金的微观组织、相结构以及高温热变形对合金微观组织的影响 ,重点研究和探讨了合金微观结构在高温热变形过程中的演变规律 .确定了合金组织中TiNi基体相、Nb相及在晶界形成的氧化物和碳化物的形变特点 .结果表明 ,合金中C、O含量决定其组织中碳化物和氧化物的形态和含量 ,高温热变形时 ,TiNi基体相和Nb相粒子均产生较大塑性变形 .当合金中氧和碳含量较高时 ,氧化物和碳化物在变形时碎裂 ,在组织中的分布比铸态更均匀 .在本文研究的氧、碳含量的范围内 ,氧化物和碳化物的存在对合金的力学性能 ,如拉伸强度、延伸率等影响不大 .     

Comparison of mechanical properties for equiaxed fine-grained and dendritic high-palladium alloys

Two Pd-Cu-Ga alloys and a Pd-Ga alloy were selected for study. Bars of each alloy were tested in tension for the as-cast and simulated porcelain-firing conditions, and values of mechanical properties were measured. Fracture surfaces and microstructures of axially sectioned fracture specimens were observed with the SEM. The two Pd-Cu-Ga alloys exhibited similar mechanical properties. The Pd-Ga alloy had lower strength and higher percentage elongation. Heat treatment simulating porcelain firing cycles decreased the strength of both Pd-Cu-Ga alloys and increased their ductility. However, this heat treatment did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the Pd-Ga alloy. All three high-palladium alloys had the same modulus of elasticity. The amount of overall porosity was relatively minimal (< 1%) and not significantly different among the three alloys. However, porosity was a significant factor for UTS of one Pd-Cu-Ga alloy and the Pd-Ga alloy.     

Enhancement of fracture toughness in high strength steel by microstructural control

The development of new alloys with improved mechanical properties has been seriously hampered in the past by the inability of a metallurgist to relate quantitatively the variables of microstructure and fracture toughness. The emergence of a unified theory of fracture toughness in the past decade has done much to alleviate this difficulty. As a consequence of a recent interdisciplinary research effort involving both the disciplines of physical metallurgy and experimental fracture mechanics, we have been able to develop alloys with engineering properties superior to those of commercially available materials. This research has required the creation of new and unusual microstructures, utilizing a variety of thermal and thermomechanical processes. The quantitative relationships of mechanical properties (strength, ductility, work hardening, and fracture toughness) with composition and microstructure are discussed in detail for the newly developed TRIP steels. In the report of another development, it is shown how the fracture toughness of low alloy quenched and tempered steels with yield strengths over 200,000 psi can be improved by as much as 70 per cent by microstructural control. Lastly, the initial results of research on alloys intended for cryogenic service are described. The composition, heat treatment, microstructure and properties of an alloy having more than three times the toughness of the presently used alloys are discussed.     

Static and fatigue characterization of the Ti5553 titanium alloy

This paper presents and discusses static (elastoviscoplastic and damage) and high‐cycle fatigue characterization of two microstructures of the Ti5553 alloy. The difference between these two microstructures is related to their heat treatment and precisely to the temperature of the final aging. For each microstructure, several tests were carried out to identify their static and fatigue properties and the test results were correlated to the microstructure. A fractographic analysis of the rupture sections was performed in order to investigate the fracture mechanisms of the two microstructures. Finally, the fatigue properties of the two microstructures were compared with those found in results reported in the literature for two other classical titanium alloys used for aeronautical applications.