耐候钢表面稳定化处理及锈层结构研究

针对免涂装耐候钢使用过程中暴露出的锈液流挂问题,设计了一种耐候钢锈层稳定化处理液,并对稳定化处理后的耐候钢进行了半年的大气暴晒实验。分析了耐候钢稳定锈层形成过程中,锈层的结构及演化行为。腐蚀动力学曲线结果表明：耐候钢表面锈层经过4个阶段逐渐达到稳定状态,每个阶段的增(失)重均呈线性变化。锈层中Cu、Cr富集提高了锈层电化学保护性能,缩短了稳定化进程。     

耐候钢的腐蚀及表面稳定化处理技术

介绍了耐大气腐蚀用钢（耐候钢）表面稳定化锈层的结构、组成和形成机理，耐候钢的使用方式及存在的问题，较全面地阐述了国内外有关加速耐候钢稳定化锈层形成过程的表面处理技术及原理。     

耐候钢表面锈层稳定化研究现状

耐候钢表面形成的致密保护性锈层使其具有良好的抗大气腐蚀性能,经锈层稳定化处理后再使用是耐候钢最具有现实意义的使用方式。耐候钢表面锈层的组织结构、形成机理及过程、保护机理的研究,对于锈层稳定化处理技术和处理剂的开发具有基础性作用。首先,全面综述了近年来耐候钢表面锈层的研究进展,耐候钢经过基体铁的溶解、锈的还原、锈的再氧化等过程,形成了以Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、无定形的羟基氧化物（FeOx(OH), x=0~1）为主的连续致密内锈层,以β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH为主的疏松多孔外锈层,内外锈层构成了耐候钢表面锈层。相较于普碳钢,耐候钢表面锈层具有连续致密、阳极钝化、离子选择性等特性,使得耐候钢具有良好的抗大气腐蚀性能。然后,归纳了目前国内外主要的锈层稳定化处理方法及其优缺点,主要有氧化物涂膜处理、氧化铁-磷酸盐系处理、喷丸+高温氧化处理等方法,但存在应用范围狭窄、有污染等问题。最后,基于合金元素在耐候钢中的作用提出了锈层稳定化处理剂组分的设计思路,并从应用范围、绿色环保、缩短稳定化周期等提出了耐候钢表面锈层稳定化处理剂研究的进一步建议。     

耐候钢新型表面锈层稳定剂处理及其耐3.5％NaCl溶液周浸腐蚀性能

目的解决耐候钢裸露使用初期锈液流挂与飞散的问题。方法制备了新型耐候钢表面锈层稳定剂,通过周期浸润循环腐蚀试验、锈层微观分析和电化学测试等方法研究了在模拟海洋大气环境下,锈层稳定剂对耐候钢锈层结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表面锈层稳定化处理后,耐候钢表面生成的锈层区分为致密且连续的内锈层和外锈层。室内加速腐蚀168 h后,耐候钢的失重腐蚀速率由未处理的5.71 g/(m~2×h)降低到表面处理后的3.31 g/(m~2×h),失重腐蚀速率降低了约42%。耐候钢的锈层电阻由未处理的96?·cm~2提高到表面处理后的167.7?·cm~2,锈层电阻提高了约75%。表面处理后的耐候钢锈层中,Cr元素以α-(Fe_(1-x)Cr_x)OOH的形式存在于基体与锈层的界面处,Cr元素在内锈层与基体结合处发生聚集。结论新型锈层稳定剂可以明显改善耐候钢锈层结构,细化锈层晶粒,阻碍Cl~-的渗透,有助于耐候钢表面快速生成致密、连续且稳定的保护性锈层。     

一种Cr系耐候钢表面锈层稳定剂的研发

以硫酸铬作为促进剂,以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛酯作为成膜剂,制备了一种耐候钢表面锈层稳定剂。通过周期浸润腐蚀试验和电化学测试,研究了该稳定剂对耐候钢表面锈层结构、成分和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：锈层稳定剂可避免锈液流挂现象,降低耐候钢的腐蚀速率,促使Cr元素在内锈层与基体结合处发生聚集,细化锈层晶粒,增大了锈层电阻,提高了耐候钢的耐蚀性。     

耐候钢锈层稳定化处理技术及其评价方法

概述了国内外有关加速耐候钢稳定化锈层形成过程的表面处理技术及其评价方法,着重阐述了耐候钢锈层稳定化处理技术的有机-无机复合膜技术,并展望了这一方面国内外的发展趋势。     

表面涂层改性技术在提高耐候钢抗海洋性大气腐蚀中的应用

表面涂层改性处理的耐候钢挂片在2年的海洋性大气环境下暴晒,其腐蚀率是原耐候钢挂片腐蚀率的1／6。采用偏光、红外吸收、X射线衍射及EPAM对挂片锈层结构和组成进行了分析,发现碳钢、耐候钢表面锈层主要由γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH及Fe3O4组成。α-FeOOH趋向在钢铁表面分布。改性涂层处理可以加速耐候钢表面生成保护性致密锈层,该锈层中富集有大量Cr,而碳钢挂片、裸露耐候钢挂片、涂层耐候钢挂片表面疏松锈层中没有Cr的富集。     

耐候钢表面锈层稳定化过程研究

通过大气暴露腐蚀试验对比分析了碳钢和耐候钢的腐蚀情况 ,并对试片表面腐蚀产物进行了XRD和EPMA分析 ,研究了耐候钢表面锈层的稳定化过程。     

耐候钢表面锈层及其稳定化处理现状与发展趋势

综述了耐候钢表面稳定化锈层的形成、组成及其结构,并讨论了影响耐候钢表面锈层稳定化的因素;介绍了主要的锈层稳定化处理技术;同时,指出了耐候钢表面锈层稳定化技术的研究出发点,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

海洋大气暴露3年的碳钢与耐候钢表面锈层分析

通过对碳钢与耐候钢在海南，青岛两地挂片4年的大气腐蚀速率测定，对挂片表面锈层结构的观察，以及对锈层的组成和合金元素分布和分析，结果表明，在海洋大气环境下，耐候钢相对于碳钢未表现出明显的抗大气腐蚀性能，耐候钢表面锈层由比较致密的片状内锈层和疏松外锈层组成，内锈层主要是α－FeOOH，外锈层是α－FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe3O4，碳钢表面锈层是由α－FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe3O4组成的疏松单层结构，在青岛挂片表面锈层中发现了Cl元素的均匀分布，在海南挂片锈层中含有S,Cl,Cr等元素的局部富集，分析了S，Cl,Cr三者在锈层中的作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.