英文摘要

The Function of Xylitol and Its Food Application Xylitol is the pentatomic alcohol which widely but at a little content exists in fruits and vegetables in the nature. It is the normal intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism in human body. China is an early country to research and develop the crystallization xylitol. It can be widely used in sugar-free professions,     

关于正常扩散Stefan-Maxwell 公式和 Grahan 扩散定律的注记

Certain prerequisite information on the component fluxes is necessary for solution of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in multicomponent diffusion systems and the Graham‘s law of diffusion and effusion is often resorted for this purpose. This article addresses solution of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in binary gas systems and explores the necessary conditions for definite solution of concentration profiles and pertinent component fluxes. It is found that there are multiple solutions for component fluxes in contradiction to what specified by the Graham‘s law of diffusion.The theorem of minimum entropy production in the non-equilibrium thermodynamics is believed instructive in determining the stable steady state solution out of infinite multiple solutions possible under the specified conditions.It is suggested that only when the boundary condition of component concentration is symmetrical in an isothermal binary system, the counter-diffusion becomes equimolar. The Graham‘s law of diffusion seems not generally valid for the case of isothermal ordinary diffusion.     

GAS-SOLIDS FLOW PATTERNS IN A CONCURRENT DOWNFLOW FAST FLUIDIZED BED(CDFFB)

Radial profiles of solid concentration and velocity for concurrent downward gas-solid suspension in a140mm inside diameter fast fluidized bed were investigated.The influence of gas velocity,solid circulating rateand axial position on radial profiles of solid concentration and particle velocity has been examined.It hasbeen found that an annular region of high solid concentration exists at r/R=0.94.At both the center and wallregion,the solid concentration and the particle velocities are relatively low.The shape of radial solid con-centration profile curves is mainly dependent on the cross-section averaged voidage,and the shape of radialparticle velocity profile is mainly affected by the gas velocity and cross-section averaged voidage.Based on the radial profiles of solid concentration and particle velocity,the solid mass flux profile and thenonuniformity of solids flow are discussed in this paper.It is shown that solids flow in CDFFB is much moreuniform than that in UFFB.     

利用计算流体力学及计算传质的方法研究精馏塔传质效率

It has long been found that the flow pattern of the liquid phase on distillation tray is of great importance on distillation process performance. But until now, there was very few published work on quantitative investigation of this subject. By combining the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the mass transfer equation, a theoretical model is proposed for predicting the details of velocity and concentration distributions as well as the tray efficiency of distillation tray column. Using the proposed model, four different cases corresponding to different assumptions of liquid and vapor flowing condition for a distillation tray column were investigated. In Case I, the distributions of velocity and concentration of the incoming liquid from the downcomer and the uprising vapor from the underneath tray spacing are uniform. In Case Ⅱ, the distribution of the incoming liquid is non-uniform but the uprising vapor is uniform. In Case Ⅲ, the distribution of the incoming liquid is uniform but the uprising vapor is non-uniform.In Case IV, the distributions of both the incoming liquid and the uprising vapor are non-uniform. The details of velocity and concentration distributions on a multiple sieve tray distillation column in four different cases were simulated using the proposed model. It is found that the shape of the simulated concentration profiles of vapor and the liquid is quite different from case to case. The computed results also show that the tray efficiency is highly reduced by the maldistribution of velocity and concentration of the incoming liquid and uprising vapor. The tray efficiency for Case Ⅰ is higher than Case Ⅱ or Case Ⅲ, and that for Case Ⅳis the lowest. It also reveals that the accumulated effect of maldistribution becomes more pronounced when the number of column trays increased. The present study demonstrates that the use of computational method to predict the mass transfer efficiency for the tray column, especially for the large one, is feasible.     

Fault diagnosis for distillation process based on CNN–DAE

Distillation is the most widely used operation for liquid mixture separation in the chemical industry. It is of great importance to detect and diagnose faults in distillation process. Due to the strong feedback and coupling of processes in a distillation column, it is difficult to use deep auto-encoders(DAEs) alone to achieve good results in detecting and diagnosing faults, in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This paper proposes a hybrid fault-diagnosis model based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and DAEs, by integrating the powerful capability of CNN in feature extraction and of DAE in classification. A case study was carried out with the distillation process of depropanization. It is shown that the proposed hybrid model is of good performance compared to other models, in terms of the accuracy of fault detection in such a process. Also, with the increase of structural layers of the CNN–DAE model, the diagnostic accuracy will be improved, with an optimal accuracy of 92.2%.     

垂直管中零净液流量气液两相流的持液率研究

Zero net-liquid flow (ZNLF) is a special case of upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. It is a phenomenon observed as a gas-liquid mixture flows in a conduit but the net liquid flow rate is zero. Investigation on the liquid holdup of ZNLF is conducted in a vertical ten-meter tube with diameter of 76 mm, both for Newtonian and nonNewtonian fluids. The gas phase is air. The Newtonian fluid is water and the non-Newtonian fluids are water-based guar gel solutions. The correlations developed for predicting liquid holdup on the basis of Lockhart-Martinelli parameter are not suitable to ZNLF. A constitutive correlation for the liquid holdup of vertical ZNLF was put forward by using the mass balance. It is found that the liquid holdup in ZNLF is dependent on both the gas flow rate and the flow distribution coefficient.     

玻璃配料微机自动控制系统

This paper describes process flow, hard-ware disposition and job programme of automatic microprocessor control system for glass batch preparation. This system has the automatic function of batch proportion calculation, batch weighing, data memory, table printing and failure alarming etc. It is, therefore, effective in improving the accuracy of batch calculation, increasing the batch pass rate, and decreasing its failure rate. It is also helpful for scientific administration of manufacturing process.     

碳酸钙在流动过冷沸腾条件下的结垢机理研究

Fouling of heat transfer surfaces during subcooled flow boiling is a frequent engineering problem in process industries. It has been generally observed that the deposits in such industrial systems consist mainly of calcium carbonate （CaCO3）, which has inverse solubility characteristics. This investigation focused on the mechanism to control deposition and the morphology of crystalline deposits. A series of experiments were carried out at different surface and bulk temperatures, fluid velocities and salt ion concentrations. It is shown that the deposition rate is controlled by different mechanism in the range of experimental parameters, depending on salt ion concentration. At higher ion concentration, the fouling rate increases linearly with surface temperature and the effect of flow velocity on deposition rate is quite strong, suggesting that mass diffusion controls the fouling process. On the contrary, at lower ion concentration, the fouling rate increases exponentially with surface temperature and is independent of the velocity, illustrating that surface reaction controls the fouling process. By analysis of the morphology of scale, two types of crystal （calcite and aragonite） are formed. The lower the temperature and ion concentration, the longer the induction period and the higher the percentage of calcite nreciDitated.     

工业尿素合成理论（一）

以多学科综合分析法，叙述传统工业尿素合成理论和现代工业尿素合成理论的建立过程；从理论上分析了传统工业尿素合成理论的缺陷和弊病。以超临界共沸相图取代了原来的相平衡，并汲取了20世纪80年代后国际尿素技术中有关工业合成的新理念，从而诠释了工业生产上尿素合成塔中的合成反应化工过程，改进了传统尿素合成理论，建立了新型的现代工业尿素合成理论。     

无线通讯技术在工业自动化领域中的应用

工业无线通信技术是继现场总线之后,工业控制领域的又一热点技术,是降低工业测控系统成本、扩展工业测控系统应用范围、推动自动化发展的关键技术。     

化工设计中罐区的仪表选型分析

对化工设计中罐区的主要仪表类型、储罐液位仪表选型进行了阐述,具体分析了常压罐和无压罐使用的单法兰液位变送器和差压变送器。     

试析煤炭环保产业的发展机制和优先领域

分析了环保产业成为当代朝阳产业的时代原因,指出市场经济不但有利于环保事业,也有利于环保产业的发展.煤炭工业发展环保产业时机适合,必须结合经济体制改革,以市场为导向,以产业结构和产品结构调整为契机.煤炭环保产业的优先发展领域要从煤炭行业环境保护的内部需求和资源优势做起.     

工业生物技术的研究现状与发展趋势

工业生物技术是以微生物或酶为催化剂进行物质转化,大规模生产人类所需的化学品、医药、能源、材料等,是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境危机的有效手段.世界经合组织指出：“工业生物技术是工业可持续发展最有希望的技术”.本文指出工业生物技术的新崛起,并已成为发达国家的重要科技与产业发展战略.概述了工业生物技术的发展现状与趋势,特别在生物能源、生物材料以及生物质资源化方面.介绍了工业生物技术的关键问题是：（1）微生物资源库和微生物功能基因组学技术;（2）生物催化剂快速定向改造新技术;（3）重要工业微生物的代谢工程.展望了我国工业生物技术发展前景.     

Sustainable approach to biotransform industrial sludge into organic fertilizer via vermicomposting: a mini‐review

Currently, industrial sludge is generated in large amounts. Industrial sludge is a solid or semi‐solid material consisting of all compounds removed from wastewater, as well as any substances added to the biological and chemical operation units during the treatment process. The composition of sludge may vary considerably. Furthermore, distinctive treatment and disposal methods are necessary as sludge produced from different industries has different characteristics. Therefore, processing and disposing of industrial sludge is a challenging and complex environmental problem. Landfilling, incineration and agricultural land application are the three most commonly employed methods for the disposal of industrial sludge. Among the three methods, the agricultural land application is a convenient and economical disposal alternative for industrial sludge. However, industrial sludge could have high putrescible content and pathogenic hazards. One possible way to ensure that the industrial sludge could be reused on agricultural land is by conditioning and stabilizing the sludge using a pretreatment process. One of the pretreatment processes which could be employed in this context is vermicomposting. Vermicomposting is an alternative for biological stabilization of organic wastes, with the addition of earthworms. Through vermicomposting, industrial sludge could be transformed into matured organic fertilizer or vermicompost in a shorter period. Thus, this work reviewed the recent literature on utilizing the vermicomposting process to manage industrial sludge in order to assess the feasibility of this technology. The present review also provides a brief overview of the production and treatment methods of industrial sludge. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Design and operating experience for a fluidized bed incinerator to treat industrial hazardous scum and waste oils

The production of industrial hazardous wastes increases with population growth and industrial progress. Most industrial hazardous wastes are in the forms of sludge, scum or waste oil and have organic properties. The best way to treat those wastes is to burn them in a fluidized bed type incinerator. Because the properties of scum and waste oils are different from those of industrial sludges, the design and operation of such kinds of incinerators are also different from that for industrial sludges. This paper presents the design method and the operating experience for a fluidized bed incinerator to treat specifically industrial hazardous scum and waste oils.     

利用工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃的研究现状及展望

工业固体废弃物在一定程度上属于可以重新利用的资源,其综合利用问题一直备受国内外学者关注.分析了利用工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃的可行性.综述了以粉煤灰、煤矸石、废玻璃、高炉渣、尾矿和油页岩渣等工业固体废弃物为原料制备微晶泡沫玻璃的国内外研究进展,以期为相关科学研究工作和工业化生产提供参考和借鉴.总结了目前利用工业固体废弃物制备微晶泡沫玻璃亟待解决的问题.     

工业以太网的发展及其技术特点

工业以太网控制系统是集散控制系统（DCS）和现场总线控制系统（RCS）之后产生的一种新型的工业控制系统。通过简要介绍工业控制网络的发展过程，并详细论述工业以太网的特点．提出了工业以太网以其全开放的特点必然会受到广泛的应用，实现工业控制网络和数据信息网络的无缝整合。     

工业设计在工业内窥镜产品中的应用和价值

介绍了工业内窥镜产品的应用及现状,结合产业链结构研究并引导出工业设计对于工业内窥镜产业发展的价值,并结合多个实例分析了工业设计在工业内窥镜及其周边产品设计中的应用。表述了在当前国内外行业现状下,工业内窥镜企业的产品设计,尤其是工业设计,将对产品的价值品质、市场认知度甚至企业品牌形象起到更加重要的作用。