Sillimanite,Kyanite and Andalusite in China and Their Applications Part I .Their Reserve,Distribution and Characteristics

Sillimanite,kyanite and andalusite are advantageous natural refractory raw materials for aluminosilicate refactories to attain improved key properties.This paper are divided into parts to introduce their resource and technical characteristic in the first part,and their applications in refractories in the second aprt to be succeeded.In this part,based on authors‘ knowledge and sources,information on their reserve,distribution,composition and characteristic is provided,to bring it to light that China is rich in the reserve of them,in particular andalusite.The sillimanite group minerals are characterized by their phase transformation to form primary mullite and secondary mullite when added in high alumina system,accompanied by volume expansion,which can be taken use to improve creep resistances and thermal shock resistance of the related refractories.     

Sillimanite, Kyanite and Andalusite in China and Their Applications Part Ⅱ. Their Applications in Refractories to Improve Resistance to Creep and Thermal Shock

As a second part under the title, this paper introduces the applications of sillimanite group minerals ( SGM) in refractory products for hot blast stove, blast furnace, torpedo,hot metal mixer, etc. , with emphases on their uses in the low creep and thermal shock resistant bricks for tuyere and iron notch of blast furnace and checker brick and ceramic burner of hot blast stove, taking use of their phase transformotion to form primary muUite and secondary muUite, accompanied by volume expansion. The developed SGM containing refractories have found wide uses in major domestic iron and steel making plants to meet the requirements of longer service life, higher service temperature and intensified operations.     

Investigation of Structure and Oxidation Behavior of Pitch and Resin Resultant Carbon

The structure and oxidation behaviors of pitch carbon,resin carbon and their mixture re-sultant carbon have been investigated.The results indicate that the pitch carbon has relative higher true specific gravity,well developed crystalline and better oxidation resistance than resin carbon,With 20%-35% resin added to pitch,the structure of the resultant carbon can be modified and oxidation resistance will be improved significantly.     

Properties and Application of Slide Nozzle Plate for High Oxygen Steel

Several kinds of slide nozzle plate such as Al2O3-C-ZrO2,MgO,Al2O3,Spingel-C and Al2O3-C SN plate for high oxygen steel used in BaoSteel have been analysed,the appearance and size of the SN plate after using have been measured.The Al2O3-C SN plate has longer service life in casting high oxygen steel,and the wear mechanism of different SN plates is discussed.     

Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Nanocomposites in the “Cu+ Organic Complex–SiO2” System

The possibility of synthesizing a series of nanohybrids in the Cu⁺ organic complex–SiO₂ system (with different contents of the organic component) by the sol–gel method is analyzed. It is shown that the organic component at a content of 10% provides optimum conditions for the formation of a nanocomposite in this system. The photophysical properties of the nanocomposites synthesized are investigated, and the photosensitivity and quantum yield of charge carrier photogeneration are determined.     

Comparisons Between Vibration and Self-Flowing Ultra-Low Cement Castables Properties in Al2O3-SiC-C System

In this study, the properties of self-flowing ultra-low cement castables in Al2O3-SiC-C system have been investigated and compared to vibration castables. The major physical and mechanical properties, microstructure and corrosion behavior of these castables against slag have been evaluated. The results showed that the microstructure of Al2O3-SiC-C self-flowing castable is more uniform than the vibrated structure. Also self-flowing castable has smaller pore size and more uniform pore size distribution. Hence, density, strength, oxidation and slag resistance of the self-flowing castables is higher than that of vibration castables. Therefore, besides other benefits such as noise free, easy installation, fewer mold defects and reduced installation costs, Al2O3-SiC-C self flowing ultra low cement castables will have longer service life in comparison with vibration casables.     

Aqueous Solution Preparation,Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Nano-Granular ZnxFe3?xO4 Ferrite Films

This paper reports a simple and novel process for preparing nano-granular Zn_xFe_3−xO₄ ferrite films (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.99) on Ag-coated glass substrates in DMAB-Fe(NO₃)₃-Zn(NO₃)₂ solutions. The deposition process may be applied in preparing other cations-doped spinel ferrite films. The Zn content x in the Zn _x Fe_3−x O₄ films depends linearly on the Zn²⁺ ion concentration ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 mM in the aqueous solutions. With x increasing from 0 to 0.99, the lattice constant increases from 0.8399 to 0.8464 nm; and the microstructure of the films changes from the non-uniform nano-granules to the fine and uniform nano-granules of 50–60 nm in size. The saturation magnetization of the films first increases from 75 emu/g to the maximum 108 emu/g with x increasing from 0 to 0.33 and then decreases monotonously to 5 emu/g with x increasing from 0.33 to 0.99. Meanwhile, the coercive force decreases monotonously from 116 to 13 Oe.     

Effects of Zn, Cu, and K Promoters on the Structure and on the Reduction, Carburization, and Catalytic Behavior of Iron-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts

Zn, K, and Cu effects on the structure and surface area and on the reduction, carburization, and catalytic behavior of Fe–Zn and Fe oxides used as precursors to Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts, were examined using X-ray diffraction, kinetic studies of their reactions with H₂ or CO, and FTS reaction rate measurements. Fe₂O₃ precursors initially reduce to Fe₃O₄ and then to metallic Fe (in H₂) or to a mixture of Fe_2.5C and Fe₃C (in CO). Zn, present as ZnFe₂O₄, increases the surface area of precipitated oxide precursors by inhibiting sintering during thermal treatment and during activation in H₂/CO reactant mixtures, leading to higher FTS rates than on ZnO-free precursors. ZnFe₂O₄ species do not reduce to active FTS structures, but lead instead to the loss of active components; as a result, maximum FTS rates are achieved at intermediate Zn/Fe atomic ratios. Cu increases the rate of Fe₂O₃ reduction to Fe₃O₄ by providing H₂ dissociation sites. Potassium increases CO activation rates and increases the rate of carburization of Fe₃O₄. In this manner, Cu and K promote the nucleation of oxygen-deficient FeO _x species involved as intermediate inorganic structures in reduction and carburization of Fe₂O₃ and decrease the ultimate size of the Fe oxide and carbide structures formed during activation in synthesis gas. As a result, Cu and K increase FTS rates on catalysts formed from Fe–Zn oxide precursors. Cu increases CH₄ and the paraffin content in FTS products, but the additional presence of K inhibits these effects. Potassium titrates residual acid and hydrogenation sites and increases the olefin content and molecular weight of FTS products. K increases the rate of secondary water–gas shift reactions, while Cu increases the relative rate of oxygen removal as CO₂ instead of water after CO is dissociated in FTS elementary steps. Through these two different mechanisms, K and Cu both increase CO₂ selectivities during FTS reactions on catalysts based on Fe–Zn oxide precursors.     

Preparation and Properties of Upconversion Luminescent Materials of Y202S：Yb,Ho

利用硫熔法制备了不同浓度的 Yb 和 Ho 掺杂的 Y2O2S：Yb,Ho 上转换发光材料。采用 X 线衍射仪、扫描电镜和荧光光谱仪对粉体的相组成、形貌和上转换发光性能进行表征。结果表明：不同浓度的 Yb 和 Ho 掺杂后没有改变 Y2O2S 的晶体结构;颗粒形貌较为规则,多呈现多面体状,分散性较好,颗粒表面很光滑;在 980nm 激光激发下,Y2O2S：Yb,Ho 呈现出以绿光发射为主的上转换荧光,Yb 的最佳掺杂量为 8% （摩尔分数）,Ho 的最佳掺杂量为 2% （摩尔分数）,Ho3＋和 Yb3＋掺杂浓度可显著影响不同颜色发射峰的强度;对激活离子 Ho3＋来说,同类离子之间发生能量传递和交叉弛豫行为,导致上转换荧光强度发生猝灭;对敏化离子 Yb3＋来说,Yb3＋吸收能量,以热的形式释放出来,产生杂质猝灭。     

Contributions of Ernest Wenkert to the Use of Cyclopropanes in Synthesis – Impact,Reflections, and Recollections

This essay describes Ernest Wenkert's contributions to the chemistry of cyclopropanes and their use in synthesis. The impact of his work on the careers of others, especially including the development of cyclopropane-based research in the Hudlicky group, is addressed, along with reflections on his mentorship. Personal recollections from some of his past students are provided at the end of the article.     

Effect of Refractory Structure on Operating Properties

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - The effect of refractory product structure on such operational properties as slag resistance and thermal shock resistance is considered. The specimens used...     

蓝晶石基微孔莫来石陶瓷分离膜支撑体的制备、结构与性能研究

以蓝晶石为主要原料、γ-A12O3为辅料,采用注浆成型技术与反应烧结工艺制备出了具有针状网络结构的微孔莫来石陶瓷分离膜支撑体.系统研究了烧成温度对试样物相组成、显微结构及性能的影响,结果表明:随着烧成温度的升高,试样中莫来石的生成量增多,其形貌逐渐由针状发育成柱状,试样的性能与莫来石的生成量及形貌密切相关.针状莫来石可对基体起强韧化作用,并使气孔的有效半径微细化.在1450 ～ 1500℃,随烧成温度的升高,试样的显气孔率逐渐增大、孔径减小、强度升高.所制支撑体的体积密度为1.38～ 1.60 g,/cm3、显气孔率为46.74％ ～ 53.23％、烧后线变化率为-3.10％～2.24％、气孔孔径集中分布在1～ 20 μm、平均孔径为5.84～9.93 μm、常温耐压强度为30.1～ 37.2 MPa.     

蓝晶石尾矿对丁苯橡胶胶料性能的影响

研究蓝晶石尾矿粒径和改性对丁苯橡胶（SBR）胶料性能的影响。结果表明：随着蓝晶石尾矿粒径[D90（累计分布达到90%的粒径）]减小,SBR胶料的FL,Fmax和Fmax－FL增大,SBR硫化胶的质量损失率为5%和50%时的热分解温度提高以及热分解温度为700 ℃时的质量保持率增大;各改性剂（棕榈酸、偶联剂KH-550、铝酸酯和硬脂酸）改性蓝晶石尾矿（粒径为2. 75 μm）的SBR硫化胶的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,其中偶联剂KH-550改性蓝晶石尾矿的SBR硫化胶的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大,分别为5. 8 MPa,7. 1 MPa和24 kN·m-1;偶联剂KH-550改性蓝晶石尾矿与SBR的粘结较好,其SBR硫化胶的撕裂断面较为粗糙、致密。     

蓝晶石尾矿对天然橡胶胶料性能的影响

研究蓝晶石尾矿粒径、用量及改性对天然橡胶（NR）胶料性能的影响。结果表明,当未改性蓝晶石尾矿粒径[D90（累计分布达到90%的粒径）]为2. 75 μm和用量为50份时,NR硫化胶的综合物理性能最佳;各改性剂（硬脂酸、铝酸 酯、棕榈酸和偶联剂KH-550）改性蓝晶石尾矿（粒径为2. 75 μm）的NR胶料的FL和Fmax增大,其中偶联剂KH-550改性蓝晶石尾矿的NR胶料的t10和t90缩短,NR硫化胶的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大,分别为9. 8 MPa,24. 3 MPa和42 kN·m-1;偶联剂KH-550改性蓝晶石尾矿与NR的粘结较好,其NR硫化胶的撕裂断面较为粗糙、致密。     

Refractory Castables: II, Some Properties, and Effects of Heat-Treatments

Differential thermal analyses were made and weight losses were determined up to 1000°C. for a domestic and an imported high-alumina hydraulic cement after hydrating. Refractory castables were prepared in the laboratory with these two cements and fire-clay brick and flintclay aggregates. Compressive, transverse, and tensile strengths of these castables were obtained after heating 4,8, and 12 months at 300°C. and at other temperatures up to 1350°C. for shorter periods of time. Sixteen commercial brands of castables were tested for sieve analysis, P.C.E., and flow, on the material "as received". The three types of strengths of the sixteen castables also were determined after treatments at 95% relative humidity and after heating at temperatures up to 1350°C. Some information on porosity and structural and linear changes after the heat-treatments was obtained.     

蓝晶石在炭砖中的原位分解及其对性能的影响

本文在炭砖中添加蓝晶石细粉,讨论了蓝晶石在炭砖中的反应过程及其对炭砖物相变化、显微结构与宏观性能的影响.结果表明,在高导热炭砖试样中添加蓝晶石,焙烧温度达到1300℃以上时发生莫来石化反应,其反应产物二氧化硅可与含碳组分发生碳化反应,有利于增加碳化硅晶须的生成量,改善试样微孔性能.     

耐火浇注料的干燥性能

对浇注料干燥性能的了解是帮助耐火材料生产商优化加热过程的一个重要因素，由此可将在生产过程中替代损毁砖所花费的时间和能源费用降至最低。     

SBS Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Dynamic Metal-Ligand Bond: Structure,Mechanical Properties,and Shape Memory Behavior

A Cooper(II) (Cu²⁺)-nitrogen coordination-crosslinked network is designed in poly(styrene-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (SBS) to change commercial elastomers into advanced soft materials. Herein, ligand groups into SBS molecular chains by the 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DPT) click reaction are first introduced. The results from fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are verified the successful modification of SBS. The DPT-grafted SBS could then coordinate with copper sulfate (CuSO₄) to form a Cu²⁺-nitrogen bond, which is further characterized using FT-IR, XPS, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, and geometric structure calculations. After modifying SBS to form an SBS-DPT/CuSO₄ composite (SBS-DPT2-Cu10), the tensile stress is improved from 11.43 to 23.25 MPa, while the elongation at break is remained almost unchanged, and the corresponding toughness is increased from 33.21 to 63.26 MJ m^–3. Moreover, the dynamic nature of the Cu²⁺-nitrogen coordination bonds enables the SBS-DPT/CuSO₄ composite to exhibit sustained thermoplastic performance and excellent shape memory behavior under an external thermal stimulus.     

耐火材料性能评述

耐火材料技术进步已持续几十年,开发了各种新型耐火材料,其使用寿命更长、安装更快速、实际使用费用更低。