建筑外表面对流传质系数的测量方法

建筑外表面对流传质系数是围护结构热湿耦合计算和建筑能耗模拟中的重要参数。为直接准确得到该参数,提出了建筑物壁面对流传质系数的测量方法,该方法通过测量萘试件的质量通量和表面温度,即可计算得到壁面传质系数。为验证该方法的准确性及可靠性,在风洞内设置6组不同风速工况,分别采用了萘升华法与传统热平衡法进行对比。结果表明:随风速的增加,萘试件表面温度随之降低,而对流传质系数逐渐增加。两种方法测试结果接近,二者所得对流传质系数相差在10%以内,不同风速条件下平均偏差小于5%,认为该测量方法可行。该研究可为室外真实条件下建筑外表面对流传质系数提供测试方法指导,对热湿耦合计算和墙体蒸发换热的研究也具有重要意义。     

粘弹性流体层流自然对流传质的研究

本文以求解微分方程组为手段,得到了此问题的近似解,其中选用Oldroyd三参数模型作为流体的本构方程.其理论结果已经电化学实验数据验证,经拟合发现两者较好地吻合,并且发现粘弹性流体的弹性对传质过程肯定有影响.     

多孔介质内复合对流传热传质的数值分析

采用数值方法分析了具有非均匀内热源的竖直套管中复合对流传热传质,考查内热源分布系数M和热质二浮力比N对速度、温度、浓度分布以及Nusselt数和Sherwood数的影响。结果表明：当N〉1时速度V为正,其值随N的增加而增大;当N〈-1.5时,V则先负后正。随着M增大,等温线和等浓度线分布更加密集,传热和传质过程更加明显。     

螺旋管内对流传质场协同强化模拟

通过计算流体力学方法对层流直管内浓度场的模拟,发现大部分区域浓度梯度在径向比轴向高2个数量级。为了强化传质,应降低浓度梯度矢量和速度矢量的夹角,在径向产生一定的流动。对螺旋管内浓度场和速度场的计算表明,二次流横穿浓度等值线,提高了两场的协同。两种螺旋结构的比较表明,二次流随着Reynolds数的增大而增强,传质增强效果也越显著,正是二次流显著提高了速度场和浓度场的协同。所研究的螺旋结构在Re=1000~2400时,平均二次流速度最大达到主流速度的6.5%~6.8%,Sherwood数增大了4.99~6.43倍。     

不同椭圆管形状对平片换热芯片传热性能影响的试验研究

利用萘升华传质/传热比拟实验原理,研究了在椭圆管面积相等条件下,雷诺数在500～3500,不同椭圆管形状对平片换热芯片传热特性的影响;分析了同一椭圆管形状在不同片间距下以及在同一片间距下不同椭圆管形状平片换热芯片的传热特性.结果表明,对给定的雷诺数 Re,Sh数随着片间距的增大而增大;对不同椭圆管形状的换热芯片,在同一片间距及雷诺数 Re 下,椭圆管长短轴之比b/a=1.5时传热特性最好.     

硅橡胶复合膜用于渗透蒸发的膜传质动力学(Ⅰ)膜面上的对流传质

利用自制的硅橡胶平板复合膜对低浓度乙醇水溶液进行渗透蒸发分离乙醇实验 ,研究了过程的传质动力学。基于液 -膜的串联传质阻力模型 ,通过实验测定了膜的总传质系数 ,采用对比差值方法将总传质系数拆分为膜面上的液膜传质系数和膜内的扩散传质系数两部分 ,分析了液相边界层阻力和膜扩散阻力对总传质系数的影响。特别针对膜面上液体流动状况对膜传质的影响进行了探讨 ,得出了液膜传质系数与Reynolds数及温度的关联式。     

具有质热源的方腔内对流传热传质及其非线性特性

以火灾为背景,对一个带有质热源的方腔进行了研究。针对不同Ra,浮升力比Nc,S_r和D_f,探讨了腔内流体的传热传质规律及其非线性特性。结果表明,存在临界R{a}_{\mathrm{c}}使流体流动由导热驱动流动转变为对流驱动流动,随着Ra增大质热源表面传热传质强度增加,流体由稳态流动转为振荡流动。当Nc>-1时,对流传热系数和对流传质系数增大,流体由稳态转化为倍周期振荡,最后转化为混沌。增大S_r和D_f可增强传热传质能力。     

泰勒流传质机制研究进展

微通道内气液两相泰勒流具有周期性、停留时间短以及比表面积大等优点,使其具有广泛的应用前景.全文阐述了气泡生成过程中的传质,介绍了泰勒流传质研究的模拟计算模型,以及相关实验得到的经验式.最后概括了目前泰勒流传质的研究进展并展望了泰勒流以后的研究方向.     

传热与电化学反应测量同时进行的自然对流传热、传质的实验方法

本介绍了一种电化学测量和传热直接测定同时进行的实验方法，该实验方法可用于自然对流情况下传热和传质系数的测定，并可验证Colbum类比原理的可靠性。将该实验方法用于化学工程专业本科教学实验，获得了良好的教学效果。本浅谈了该实验教学的体会。     

滚动轮胎表面对流换热的萘升华模拟研究

根据热质比拟的基本原理 ,采用萘升华技术 ,在风洞中利用直线运动的旋转圆盘模拟研究了滚动轮胎表面的对流换热系数。当风速为 14m·s- 1 时 ,轮胎表面对流换热系数与汽车行驶速度呈线性关系 ,随着汽车行驶速度的增大 ,轮胎表面对流换热系数也增大 ,其经验式为h =5 2 99+1 2 43 8v。     

Nonbuoyancy density‐driven convective mass and heat transfer: Scaling analysis and solution methodology

Density change during mass or heat transfer can cause convection in the absence of buoyancy forces. Prior studies have shown that this convection can be significant in the determination of diffusion coefficients and in the casting of polymeric membranes. Including this effect is challenging even for advanced numerical codes. A general methodology for obtaining the mass‐average velocity for unsteady‐state, one‐dimensional, multicomponent mass and/or heat transfer circumvents the problem of numerically solving the coupled continuity equation. Scaling analysis permits assessing the importance of this convection for a generic equation‐of‐state. Numerical predictions for evaporation from a liquid layer for components having density ratios of 1:1 and 0.7:1 indicate that ignoring convection results in errors of 34% and 24% in the evaporation time and final thickness, respectively. This convection also influences the evaporation in the percutaneous application of cosmetics, medications, and insecticides, curing of paints, varnishes, and lacquers, and formation of thin films. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Natural convective heat transfer from open vertical tubes

Natural convection heat transfer in vertical tubes is described by a one-dimensional dispersion model similar to that used previously for fluid mixing in the presence of an unstable density gradient. Temperature profiles have been measured in air in 2 m high insulated vertical tubes (21.3, 24.5, 27.7 cm internal diameter), closed at the bottom and open at the top, and heated at the bottom with a known heat flux. The effective mixing lengths for eddy heat transport are of the same order as the tube diameters.     

Heat and mass transfer during microwave‐convective drying

The article presents a mathematical model of drying that describes the kinetics of combined microwave‐convective drying for the process as a whole. Based on this model, the drying curves and the temperature evolutions of the drying body were constructed by a number of computer‐simulated drying programs, which were chosen to follow the respective experimental processes carried out on a cylindrical sample made of kaolin. The experimental data allowed both the estimate of material coefficients arising in the model and the validation of the theory. A very satisfactory correlation of the theoretical predictions with the experimental data is found. The main novelty of this article is the mathematically complete drying model that describes all periods of the microwave‐convective drying process. Application of such a complete model is necessary if we want to optimize drying processes with respect to drying time and consumption of energy via computer simulations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

表面张力对传质过程的影响

表面张力对传质过程的影响主要是影响传质界面积,当物系为正物系时,对板式塔有较小较稳定的汽泡,对填料塔和湿壁塔,有较稳定的液膜,结果使二者均有较大的传质界面积,传质效果较好;负物系的情况相反。当液体混合物的平均表面张力较小时,也有利于形成较小较稳定的汽泡,从而有利于传质。表面张力对传质过程的影响机理相当复杂,这方面的研究工作有待深入开展。     

Free convective mass transfer at horizontal single screens and arrays of horizontal screens in relation to electrochemical reactor design

Rates of free convection mass transfer at horizontal screens made of woven cylindrical wires were studied by measuring the limiting current of copper deposition from acidified copper sulphate solutions for a horizontal screen surrounded by a cylindrical counter‐electrode. Variables studied were screen characteristic parameters and the physical properties of solutions. The data were correlated by a new mass transfer correlation. Mass transfer measurements at arrays of separated horizontal screens revealed that screen spacing has a little effect on the rate of array mass transfer. On the other hand, increasing the number of screens per array was found to decrease the rate of array mass transfer. Implications of the present results for the design and operation of electrochemical reactors suitable for heavy metal removal from waste water and electrosynthesis are noted.     

On MHD heat and mass transfer over a moving vertical plate with a convective surface boundary condition

In this paper, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer over a moving vertical plate in the presence of magnetic field and a convective heat exchange at the surface with the surrounding has been studied. The similarity solution is used to transform the system of partial differential equations, describing the problem under consideration, into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential equations, and an efficient numerical technique is implemented to solve the reduced system. The results are presented graphically and the conclusion is drawn that the flow field and other quantities of physical interest are significantly influenced by these parameters.     

The effect of liquid film vaporization on natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical tube

A numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of film vaporization on natural convection heat and mass transfer in a vertical tube. Results for interfacial Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented for air-ethanol and air-water systems for various conditions. Predicted results show that heat transfer along the gas-liquid interface is dominated by the transport of latent heat in association with the vaporization of the liquid film. Additionally, the predicted results obtained by including transport in the liquid film are contrasted with those where liquid film transport is neglected, showing that the assumption of an extremely thin film made by Chang et al. (1986) and Yan and Lin (1990) is only valid for systems with small liquid mass flow rates. For systems with a high liquid film Reynolds number, Re₁₀, the assumption of an extremely thin film is seriously in error.