黄酒灌装车间环境微生物的监控和预防

黄酒通过煎酒来杀灭酒体中的微生物确保产品品质,但灌装车间环境微生物控制不当会影响煎酒效果。本研究通过对热灌装车间加工过程中动态环境空气、生产用水、与酒体直接/间接接触设备及员工手部、工作服的菌落总数进行了检测和分析。结果表明,黄酒热灌装车间动态环境空气菌落总数为2.33 lg(CFU/m3),与酒体可直接接触设备消毒前菌落总数为灌装机头2.97 lg(CFU/m3),管道2.58 lg(CFU/m3),储酒管壁1.98 lg(CFU/m3),生产用水1.21 lg(CFU/mL),经过热水消毒之后菌落总数呈数量级下降。而与酒体非直接接触设备在生产作业中的菌落总数指标普遍较高。为确保产品品质,有必要对灌酒车间环境菌落总数进行监控,同时加强灌装车间的卫生管理和规范操作。     

火腿肠加工过程中微生物风险研究

目的开展火腿肠加工过程中微生物污染风险研究,掌握卫生指示菌、主要食源性致病菌的分布特征和污染途径,为火腿肠加工过程中微生物污染风险控制提供依据。方法 2015—2017年对4家企业的712份产品相关样品(原辅料、中间产品和终产品)和环境样品(包括生产用水、空气沉降菌、人员、工具等)进行监测,选择传统分离培养方法对卫生指示菌和主要食源性致病菌进行检验,并对沙门菌进行血清学鉴定。结果原辅料中菌落总数10~5 CFU/g和大肠菌群10~3 CFU/g的样品比例分别为33.00%(33/100)和29.00%(29/100);中间产品中菌落总数10~5 CFU/g和大肠菌群10~3 CFU/g的样品比例分别为62.86%(66/105)和36.19%(38/105);终产品未检出菌落总数10~4 CFU/g的样品,大肠菌群均10 CFU/g。结论火腿肠加工过程存在微生物污染风险,本研究对掌握火腿肠加工过程的污染分布,确定关键控制点,为制定相关生产质量管理规范、确保终产品的食品安全具有重要意义。     

北京市餐饮业食用冰块微生物污染水平调查

评估北京市餐饮业食用冰块微生物污染的风险。方法 在北京市场抽检了63份餐饮业食用冰块样品,冰块独立分装在无菌采样袋中,2 h内完成采样到检测的过程。按照国家标准方法检测其中的菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌、志贺菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。结果 63份餐饮业食用冰块样品均未检出沙门菌、志贺菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌。连锁快餐店和咖啡店食用冰块的菌落总数和大肠菌群等指示菌计数较低,部分饮品甜品店食用冰块菌落总数和大肠菌群较高。结论 检测的食用冰块样品均是安全的。部分饮品甜品店用食用冰块指示菌较高,提示生产过程中可能存在微生物污染,需要严格执行卫生操作规范的程序。     

贮存温度对原料羊乳中微生物的影响

对不同贮存温度下原料羊乳中微生物变化规律进行研究,研究表明,原料羊乳在3℃下贮存36h,乳样中菌落总数、大肠菌群、嗜热菌、蛋白分解菌和脂肪分解菌变化不显著(p＞0.05),嗜冷菌变化差异显著(p＜0.05);在10℃下贮存24h后,乳样中菌落总数、大肠菌群、嗜冷菌变化差异显著(p＜0.05),嗜热菌、蛋白分解菌和脂肪分解菌变化不显著(p＞0.05);当贮存温度为37℃和25℃时,分别贮存6h和12h以后乳样中的菌落总数、大肠菌群、嗜热菌、蛋白分解菌和脂肪分解菌变化差异显著(p＜0.05),而嗜冷菌变化差异不显著(p＞0.05).随着贮存温度的升高和贮存时间的延长,原料羊乳中微生物数量增加.在原料羊乳的贮存和运输过程中,应尽可能将贮存温度控制在3℃,贮存时间不应该超过36h,以提高原料羊乳的卫生质量.     

鸡肉调理制品生产过程中污染微生物的调查研究

针对目前鸡肉调理制品货架期短的问题,对鸡肉调理制品在生产过程中的微生物污染状况进行调研。以菌落总数为测定指标探讨肉鸡屠宰分割生产线和鸡肉调理制品生产线及各车间生产环境的微生物污染状况。结果表明：屠宰车间环境污染严重,分割车间环境较好,屠宰结束后的鸡胴体和其分割产品菌落总数在2.12～3.95(lg(CFU/cm2))范围内,处在国标规定范围内,属于合格产品;肉鸡副产品(内脏)菌落总数达到3.87～4.31(lg(CFU/cm2)),显著高于分割产品;鸡肉调理制品生产环境存在严重微生物污染问题,处在不可接受水平内;鸡肉调理制品生产存在严重的微生物污染问题,鸡肉丸生产过程中菌落总数高达4.27～5.55(lg(CFU/g)),而鸡柳菌落总数则达到4.32～5.78(lg(CFU/g)),终产品属于超标产品。     

肉鸡胴体分割过程中污染微生物分析及不同冲淋条件对产品减菌影响

目的:为防制肉鸡屠宰分割环节产品的微生物污染。方法:调查肉鸡胴体分割车间环境的菌落总数和分割后鸡腿产品表面的菌落总数、假单胞菌、大肠菌群、肠球菌数量以及检测其金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌污染情况;通过正交实验优化淋洗条件。结果:在分割前、中、后期,分割车间的加工用水、空气中细菌数均未超过国家标准,但接触面污染较为严重,大多处于不可接受水平;分割后鸡腿产品表面污染的菌落总数、假单胞菌、大肠菌群和肠球菌数量分别为3.85~4.17、3.14~3.87、2.86~3.68、1.07~1.82lg(cfu/cm2),金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌的检出率分别为46.67%、14.17%;减菌的最适宜条件为乳酸浓度0.5%(w/v)、柠檬酸浓度1.0%(w/v)、冲淋时间30s,可减少菌落总数1.97lg(cfu/cm2),且减菌处理对其色泽、气味以及加热后肉汤滋味几乎无影响,最终鸡腿产品中菌落总数为2.20lg(cfu/cm2)。结论:肉鸡胴体分割车间环境以及分割后鸡腿细菌污染较严重,且存在致病菌污染;乳酸结合柠檬酸冲淋可明显减少分割后鸡腿表面的菌落总数。     

拉萨地区牦牛屠宰过程中的微生物污染

为探明拉萨地区牦牛胴体屠宰过程中的微生物污染程度,明确微生物关键控制点,对拉萨地区某具有代表 性的规范屠宰企业屠宰前车间空气中的微生物、各屠宰工艺环节牦牛胴体表面以及人员用具的菌落总数和大肠菌群 数量进行测定。结果表明：屠宰前车间微生物污染严重;随着剥皮和去内脏工艺的进行,牦牛胴体的菌落总数和大 肠菌群数量显著增加;斧劈四分体后胴体的菌落总数和大肠菌群数量均显著高于剥皮和去内脏后;牦牛屠宰过程中 微生物的主要来源是垫板和斧头。     

鸡精调味料加工过程中微生物检测及安全控制

为提高鸡精调味品卫生质量,根据生产工艺特点分别对鸡精生产原辅料、加工流程及主要加工设备进行了微生物检测。食用玉米淀粉和葱姜混合物是鸡精生产原辅料中的主要微生物来源,水分含量是直接影响玉米淀粉微生物污染的主要因素,当水分含量10%时,100 g玉米淀粉大肠菌群70 MPN;葱姜混合物经30%质量分数的食用盐处理后可控制微生物的数量。鸡精生产工序过程中的搅拌后、造粒前后及流化干燥前微生物污染严重,其中搅拌后菌落总数最高,为1.2×104CFU/g,造粒前大肠菌群最高,为167 MPN/100g,搅拌和造粒是鸡精生产过程中的关键控制环节。另外,造粒机筛网及侧槽的菌落总数达到908 CFU/cm2,高于食品车间卫生标准,表明造粒岗位是鸡精生产的一个关键控制点。     

2017～2019年三亚市县冷冻饮品微生物检测结果分析

目的 分析近三年三亚市县冷冻饮品的检测结果,微生物污染是制约冷冻饮品质量安全的主要因素。方法 根据国家食品安全监督抽检和风险监测工作实施要求,从4个市县10家生产企业抽取50批冷冻饮品,按国标GB 2759-2015食品安全国家标准 冷冻饮品和制作料检测。结果 3批菌落总数超标;5批大肠菌群超标;菌落总数和大肠菌群不合格率分别是6.0%和10%,说明冷饮饮品指示菌超标问题较严重。结论 微生物污染是影响产品质量合格的主要因素,建议企业加强卫生管理,对制作过程卫生及储运条件把控,确保冷冻食品安全,建议监管部门对不合格产品继续加强监管力度,以确保食品安全。     

白酒企业微生物控制的验证方案

对生产用水、酒精度低于20%vol的成品酒及其生产过程中的生产环境空气洁净度、食品接触面、食品容器、无菌室灭菌效果等的菌落总数、大肠菌群的控制验证活动,确保产品质量、保证食品安全。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the