含缺陷海洋井架承载能力及剩余寿命分析北大核心

为掌握某在役海洋修井机井架的实际承载能力和剩余寿命情况,结合ANSYS APDL命令流和井架承载能力评估方法,建立井架承载能力可视化有限元模型;利用等效截面法建立含缺陷井架模型,分析腐蚀、杆件初弯曲、应力集中3种缺陷对井架承载能力的影响;通过加载应力测试结果对模型进行验证,并在此基础上提出基于年腐蚀率的井架剩余寿命预测方法。结果表明:采用无缺陷井架模型分析井架实际承载能力存在较大误差,不能准确反映井架的实际受力和变形情况;含缺陷井架模型分析结果同加载应力测试结果吻合,模型准确,3种缺陷中腐蚀缺陷对井架实际承载能力影响最大。经分析,该井架实际承载能力为865 kN,剩余寿命为13a,分析结果可为井架安全作业提供参考。     

航空发动机液压管路疲劳寿命预测模型研究

为较为准确地评估航空发动机液压管路的疲劳寿命,提出一种疲劳寿命预测模型。该模型重点计算一个循环周期内载荷对液压管路造成的损伤,在此基础上,建立液压管路危险点处的应力与疲劳寿命之间的解析关系式。将该模型用于某型航空发动机外部液压管路疲劳寿命的计算,并将该理论计算结果与有限元仿真结果进行对比,验证了该疲劳寿命预测模型的有效性。     

应力控制下的Q345钢疲劳寿命预测研究

基于Gerber模型和Goodman模型这两个考虑平均应力对疲劳寿命的影响的经典模型,提出了一个修正的疲劳寿命预测模型。在室温下,选取3个应力比R=-1、-0.75和-0.5,每个应力比下选取5个最大应力,对Q345钢进行单轴拉压疲劳实验。运用Gerber模型、Goodman模型和修正模型对Q345钢在不同应力比和最大应力组合工况下的疲劳寿命进行预测,并与试验结果进行比较分析。结果表明:修正模型预测寿命和试验寿命的相对误差绝对值平均值、相对误差绝对值最大值、标准差都较明显的小于Gerber模型、Goodman模型。修正模型比Gerber模型和Goodman模型更适合于Q345钢在不同应力比和最大应力组合工况下疲劳寿命的预测。     

锻压设备橡胶隔振器疲劳寿命研究

针对锻压设备橡胶隔振器的疲劳寿命问题,测试了锻压设备工作过程中的冲击载荷,进行了橡胶材料的力学特性试验,构建了橡胶隔振器的有限元模型,研究了最大静载工况下橡胶隔振器的应力分布规律。并根据橡胶材料的S-N曲线,预测了橡胶隔振器的疲劳寿命。结果表明:在最大静载工况下,橡胶隔振器的最大应力为4.35 MPa,主要集中在球墨铸铁承压板的上表面,承压板屈曲应力为250 MPa,远大于橡胶隔振器的最大应力,不会发生疲劳破坏。橡胶部分的应力值相对较小,其最大应力主要集中在上下边缘位置,约为1.44 MPa。橡胶隔振器首先在静应力较大的位置发生疲劳破坏,其疲劳寿命为3589219次,疲劳寿命大于橡胶隔振器使用要求的300万次。     

考虑成形与循环滞后的波纹管疲劳寿命研究

为提高波纹管疲劳寿命计算精度,建立了一种综合考虑成形影响和材料循环特性的波纹管疲劳寿命计算有限元模型。基于ABAQUS平台计算获得了波纹管成形后的实际轮廓和壁厚,利用FE-safe软件提取了材料稳态循环滞后应力应变曲线,计算出波纹管疲劳寿命,并与理论计算值、理想模型结果和实验结果进行了对比。结果表明：考虑成形与循环滞后影响的波纹管疲劳寿命仿真模型可以有效提高计算精度,其与实验结果误差在12%以内;理想模型误差范围为14%～62%;理论计算值结果误差最大。     

深切口椭圆柔性铰链疲劳寿命预测方法与模型

针对深切口椭圆柔性铰链疲劳失效难以准确预测的难题,提出了一种应力-寿命模型的方法。该方法首先采用有限元对柔性铰链进行结构与受力分析,发现缺口薄弱处的应力最大处易发生失效,并给出最大应力计算公式;然后建立应力-寿命模型,利用经验估算法获取柔性铰链材料的疲劳强度估计值;最后通过引入Marin方法来修正疲劳强度精度,进而获取寿命预测值。实例表明该方法可以为柔性铰链疲劳寿命预测提供一种新途径。     

热循环加载条件下PBGA叠层无铅焊点可靠性分析

建立了塑料球栅阵列(plastic ball grid array,PBGA)器件叠层焊点应力应变有限元分析模型,基于该模型对叠层无铅焊点在热循环载荷条件下的应力应变分布进行了分析,计算其热疲劳寿命,分析焊点材料、焊点高度和焊点最大径向尺寸对叠层焊点热疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,与单层焊点相比,焊点叠加方式能有效提高焊点热疲劳寿命;采用有铅焊料Sn62Pb36Ag2和Sn63Pb37的叠层焊点比采用无铅焊料Sn-3.5Ag和SAC305的叠层焊点热疲劳寿命高;叠层焊点的高度由0.50 mm增加到0.80 mm时,焊点的热疲劳寿命随其高度的增加而增加;叠层焊点的最大径向尺寸由0.30 mm增加到0.45 mm时,焊点的热疲劳寿命随焊点的最大径向尺寸增加而减小.     

应力比对WC-Co硬质合金疲劳寿命及裂纹生长行为的影响(英文)

通过两种疲劳试验:旋转弯曲疲劳试验和3-或4-点弯曲疲劳试验测试细晶WC-Co硬质合金的裂纹生长行为和疲劳寿命。疲劳试验结果表明:所测试的大部分WC-Co硬质合金的疲劳寿命取决于裂纹生长周期。利用断裂力学基本方程推导出疲劳裂纹生长速率(da/dN)和最大应力强度因子(Kmax)的关系。根据此关系,获得材料的强度因子阈值(Kth)和疲劳断裂韧性值(Kfc)。基于修正的线性弹性断裂力学方程,对WC-Co硬质合金材料的疲劳寿命进行计算,疲劳寿命的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

铸造起重机主梁焊缝疲劳寿命的分析与研究

以某钢厂450 t/80 t铸造起重机为例,通过对起重机主梁焊缝的有限元法分析,得出起重机主梁结构的应力情况,重点采用子模型技术对铸造起重机主梁腹板焊缝的应力情况进行研究,并对该位置疲劳寿命进行了计算。借助Minner线性累计损伤理论完成焊缝位置疲劳寿命分析研究,计算得出主梁下盖板与筋板焊缝疲劳寿命为41.6年。     

焊接结构模态结构应力法程序开发及工程应用

主S-N曲线法作为疲劳计算的新方法在焊接结构疲劳分析中被广泛采用.为了实现该方法在试验载荷下基于稳态动力学计算结果开展焊接结构疲劳寿命预测,首先引入台架模型作为边界条件,实现将试验载荷作为仿真分析的输入,基于模态叠加法的稳态动力学理论获得较准确的焊缝动态响应.其次在主S-N曲线法的准静态计算流程基础上,扩展其内涵,提出基于模态结构应力叠加的动态结构应力计算方法,该方法将稳态动力学计算的模态坐标与焊缝的模态结构应力进行叠加,实现动态结构应力计算及动态等效结构应力计算,再采用主S-N曲线进行寿命评估预测.进一步开发了焊接结构模态结构应力法疲劳评估软件,基于该软件开展了车体疲劳评估和疲劳试验对比.结果表明,该方法比传统方法更能有效地识别出动态加载下车体的疲劳破坏部位,验证了该方法在试验动态载荷加载下开展焊接结构疲劳评估的有效性和优越性,为研究焊接结构疲劳寿命评估理论和拓展主S-N曲线法提供了技术基础.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.