Ni(OH)_2修饰对α-Fe_2O_3薄膜光电化学性能的增强效应

利用一种简便的电沉积方法制备氧化铁薄膜,并在过程中引入Ni(OH)_2进行修饰,对具体电沉积实验参数进行优化,从而建立最佳制备条件。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射对Fe_2O_3/Ni(OH)_2光电极膜的结构进行表征。利用循环伏安和计时电流测量析氧过电位和光电流密度。结果表明,Ni(OH)2修饰的α-Fe_2O_3薄膜可提高光生电子与空穴的分离效率,从而显著提高光电催化活性。     

柔性Yb(OH)3@Ni(OH)2/CC纳米复合电极材料的制备及性能研究

以柔性碳纤维(CC)作为基底材料,分别采用化学镀镍、电化学氧化和电化学沉积的方法制备出Yb(OH)₃复合Ni(OH)₂碳纤维纳米电极材料(Yb(OH)₃@Ni(OH)₂/CC)。以X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试材料的结构和组成成分;利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对材料的微观形貌进行表征;利用线性循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)、恒流充放电法(GCD)对材料的电化学性能进行测试研究。实验结果表明,当电流密度为10mA/cm²时,该复合材料的面积比电容高达1216mF/cm²;循环充放电1000次后的容量保持率为90%,比Ni(OH)₂/CC材料的容量保持率提高14%。     

氮掺杂Pd-Cu/Al2O3催化剂富氢气氛下CO优先氧化性能

以Al₂O₃为载体，采用共浸渍法制备Pd-Cu/Al₂O₃和Pd-Cu-N/Al₂O₃催化剂。利用连续流动微反应装置考察氮掺杂对Pd-Cu/Al₂O₃催化剂低温富氢气氛下CO优先氧化性能的影响，结合XRD、FT-IR、H₂-TPR和XPS等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明，相较于Pd-Cu/Al₂O₃,Pd-Cu-N/Al₂O₃具有更好的CO优先氧化性能。氮掺杂促进了表面Cu₂Cl(OH)₃的分散，增强了Pd和Cu之间的相互作用，提高了Pd和Cu₂Cl(OH)₃的氧化还原能力。同时，氮掺杂也有利于生成更多的表面活性Cu⁺物种，并且部分进入Pd晶格，抑制了反应过程中PdHx的形成，从而使催化剂催化性能...     

混合物相Co(OH)2/Co3O4催化剂的制备及其费托反应性能研究

在还原过程中,非负载型钴基催化剂堆积孔结构容易坍塌,从而使金属钴的比表面积大幅降低,活性中心暴露的数量减少。作者采用简单的水热法制备了Co(OH)₂/Co₃O₄混合物相的非负载型钴纳米颗粒催化剂,用于费托合成反应性能研究。结果表明:相比于单一物相的Co(OH)₂或Co₃O₄催化剂,混合物相的催化剂显示出更高的费托合成反应活性。XRD、TEM、BET、H2-TPR等表征方法揭示出Co(OH)₂与Co₃O₄具有不同的还原性质,两者紧密结合有利于催化剂在还原后维持更大的比表面积,进而有利于更多活性位点暴露,显著提高催化剂的反应活性。     

镍源对Ni/Al2O3结构及其1,4-丁炔二醇加氢催化性能构效关系的影响

本文通过溶液燃烧法,分别以Ni(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O、Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O、NiCl₂·6H₂O和NiSO₄·6H₂O为镍源制备系列Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等表征手段,进一步揭示了镍源对合成Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂结构与其催化加氢性能间的构效关系的影响,结果表明,以Ni(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O为镍源制备的Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂比表面积最大,达到225m²·g^-1,最大孔容0.39c...     

三维Y(OH)3@Ni(OH)2/CC复合材料的制备及其作为柔性超级电容器电极性能的研究

以碳布(CC)为基底，采用化学沉积、恒电位极化及电化学沉积法制备出Ni(OH)₂/CC复合材料和Y(OH)₃@Ni(OH)₂碳纤维复合材料(Y(OH)₃@Ni(OH)₂/CC)。以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试研究样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成；利用电化学工作站的循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等技术对样品的电化学性能进行研究。实验结果表明，该复合材料经恒电流50 mA/cm²充放电测试，其面积比电容为1 017 mF/cm²,CV循环1 000圈其面积比电容相对于初始面积比电容的保持率为167%。     

Ni(OH)2基复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器方面的进展

超级电容器是一种很有前途的电化学储能系统,合理设计和构建高比电容材料,对于超级电容器技术的发展至关重要。具有高化学稳定性、高理论容量、高速率性能等优点的Ni(OH)₂材料在近年引起了广泛关注。然而,其实际测试性能(尤其是速率能力)通常远低于理论值,这可能归因于活性位点的可接近性受限、反应动力学缓慢或电子转移能力不足,严重阻碍了其的实际应用。研究人员试图打破Ni(OH)₂固有结构的限制,探索提升其性能的方法。本文综述了Ni(OH)₂及其复合材料的制备方法：溶剂热法、电沉积法、化学沉积法、微波水热合成法等,并将其应用于超级电容器方面的进展进行了总结。此外,本文指出了Ni(OH)₂及其复合材料应用于超级电容器所面临的挑战和前景,以满足现代社会的应用需求。     

H2O2/Fe2(MoO4)3体系中H2O2吸附分解及NO氧化行为的DFT研究

为阐明H₂O₂/Fe₂(MoO₄)₃体系脱硝过程中H₂O₂吸附分解及NO氧化行为，基于DFT方法首次计算了H₂O₂和NO分子单独及二者同时在Fe₂(MoO₄)₃表面的吸附构型，并通过考察吸附能、Mulliken电荷及氧化路径等特性揭示H₂O₂催化分解和NO氧化的微观机制。结果表明：H₂O₂在Fe₂(MoO₄)₃表面易分解为活性自由基，而NO则以分子形式吸附；H₂O₂和NO共吸附时，H₂O₂优先吸附于催化剂表面并随后分解，NO则分别被H₂O₂分解产...     

(NH4)2S2O8/AC氧化改性电极材料的制备及性能表征

以煤质活性炭(AC)为研究对象,通过(NH₄)₂S₂O₈氧化改性提高其电吸附性能。将活性炭材料制备成电极并在电容去离子技术(EST)下进行实验,对改性前后活性炭的表面形貌、表面官能团、孔结构变化进行对比分析。结果表明,活性炭经过1.5 mol/L的(NH₄)₂S₂O₈改性后比电容最大;改性后的活性炭电极比电容增大,改性后相比改性前孔容、平均孔径均下降;改性后的材料表面光滑、杂质较少、孔隙结构发达、含氧官能团增多;利用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面法得到改性后材料制备的最佳工艺为：1.59 g的AC在54.22℃下氧化改性4.93 h,电极比电容为259.850 F/g,改性后电极的CV曲线证明由于其含有赝电容从而使电化学性能得到提高。     

La2O3的添加方式对Al2O3热稳定性的影响

采用3种不同添加方式制备La₂O₃改性的Al₂O₃材料La-Al₂O₃。La-Al₂O₃分别经500 ℃、1 000 ℃和1 200 ℃焙烧,采用物理吸附、X射线衍射和荧光光谱等对高温处理的La-Al₂O₃进行比表面积和结构表征。结果表明,La₂O₃的添加能有效抑制Al₂O₃在高温条件下向热力学稳定态α-Al₂O₃转变,同时提高高温处理后La-Al₂O₃比表面积,使Al₂O₃热稳定性得到明显提高。在3种La₂O₃添加方式中,La(NO₃)₃浸渍法效果最为显著,制得的La-Al₂O₃(N)材料经1 200 ℃焙烧4 h的比表面积为30 m²·g^－1,是未经改性的Al₂O₃样品经同等温度焙烧比表面积的2.2倍。     

Fabrication of Fe-, Ni- and FeNi-coated Al2O3 core-shell microspheres by heterogeneous precipitation

The precursors with NiCO₃·2Ni(OH)₂·2H₂O-, Fe₂O₃·nH₂O-, or both of NiCO₃·2Ni(OH)₂·2H₂O- and Fe₂O₃·nH₂O-coated alumina microspheres were prepared, respectively, by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation using metal salts, ammonium hydro-carbonate and -Al₂O₃ micropowders as the starting materials. Subsequently, magnetic metallic Ni-, -Fe- and γ-FeNi-coated alumina core-shell structural microspheres were successfully obtained by thermal reduction of the as-prepared precursors at 700 °C for 2 h, respectively. Optimized precipitation processing parameters of the concentration of alumina micropowders (15 g/L), the rate of adding reactants (5 mL/min) and pH value were determined by a trial and error method. Powders of the precursors and the resultant metal (Ni, -Fe, γ-FeNi alloy)-coated alumina micropowders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that it is possible to adjust metal coating thicknesses and fabricate multilayer structured metal/ceramics core-shell microspherical powder materials and these materials may be applied for high performance of functional materials and devices.     

Novel hierarchical yolk-shell α-Ni(OH)2/Mn2O3 microspheres as high specific capacitance electrode materials for supercapacitors

For high performance supercapacitors, novel hierarchical yolk-shell a-Ni(OH)₂/Mn₂O₃ microspheres were controllably synthesized using a facile two-step method based on the solvothermal treatment. The unique a-Ni(OH)₂ based yolk-shell microstructures decorated with numerous interconnected nanosheets and the hetero-composition features can synergistically enhance reactive site exposure and electron conduction within the microspheres, facilitate charge transfer between electrolyte and electrode materials, and release structural stress during OH⁻ chemisorption/desorption. Moreover, the Mn₂O₃ sediments distributed over the a-Ni(OH)₂ microspheres can serve as an effective protective layer for electrochemical reactions. Consequently, when tested in 1 mol·L⁻¹ KOH aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors, the yolk-shell a-Ni(OH)₂/Mn₂O₃ microspheres exhibited a considerably high specific capacitance of 2228.6 F·g⁻¹ at 1 A·g⁻¹ and an impressive capacitance retention of 77.7% after 3000 cycles at 10 A·g⁻¹. The proposed a-Ni(OH)₂/Mn₂O₃ microspheres with hetero-composition and unique hierarchical yolk-shell microstructures are highly promising to be used as electrode materials in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.     

Preparation and characterization of a PMMA/Ce(OH)3, Pr2O3/graphite nanosheet composite

An easy process for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/graphite nanosheet (PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG) composite was developed. Graphite nanosheets (NanoG) were prepared by treating the expanded graphite with sonication in aqueous alcohol solution. The PMMA/Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃/NanoG composites were prepared via in situ polymerization of MMA monomer in the presence of graphite nanosheets and Ce(OH)₃, Pr₂O₃ through reverse micelle template, in which the methyl methacrylate was designated as the oily phase. The composites were then dispersed with chloroform and coated on glass slides to form films. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and dispersion of the graphite nanosheets and the composites. The results showed that the high-aspect-ratio structure of the nanosheets played an important role in forming a conducting network in the PMMA matrix. From thermogravimetric analysis, the introduction of graphite nanosheets and inorganic nanopartices exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of PMMA.     

Hydrogen-storage properties of a Mg-based mixture prepared by reactive mechanical grinding with ultrafine Fe2O3 particles and Ni

The sample Mg-10 wt.% (Fe₂O₃, Ni) was prepared by grinding Mg mechanically under H₂ (reactive mechanical grinding) with ultrafine Fe₂O₃ particles and Ni particles. The sample Mg-10 wt.% (Fe₂O₃, Ni) as milled absorbed 4.24 wt.% hydrogen at 593 K under 12 bar H₂ for 60 min. Its activation was accomplished only by one hydriding–dehydriding cycle. The activated sample absorbed 4.05 wt.% hydrogen at 593K, 12 bar H₂ for 60 min and desorbed 3.05 wt.% hydrogen at 593 K, 1.0 bar H₂ for 60 min. After hydriding–dehydriding cycling, Fe₂O₃ was reduced, Mg₂Ni was formed by the reaction of Mg with Ni, and a small fraction of Mg was oxidized.     

Catalytic reduction of SO2 over supported transition-metal oxide catalysts with C2H4 as a reducing agent

This work investigates performances of supported transition-metal oxide catalysts for the catalytic reduction of SO₂ with C₂H₄ as a reducing agent. Experimental results indicate that the active species, the support, the feed ratio of C₂H₄/SO₂, and pretreatment are all important factors affecting catalyst activity. Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ was found to be the most active catalyst among six γ-Al₂O₃-supported metal oxide catalysts tested. With Fe₂O₃ as the active species, of the supports tested, CeO₂ is the most suitable one. Using this Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ catalyst, we found that the optimal Fe content is 10 wt.%, the optimal feed ratio of C₂H₄/SO₂ is 1:1, and the catalyst presulfidized by H₂+H₂S exhibits a higher performance than those pretreated with H₂ or He. Although the feed concentrations of C₂H₄:SO₂ being 3000:3000 ppm provide a higher conversion of SO₂, the sulfur yield decreases drastically at temperatures above 300 °C. With higher feed concentrations, maximum yield appears at higher temperatures. The C₂H₄ temperature-programmed desorption (C₂H₄-TPD) and SO₂-TPD desorption patterns illustrate that Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ can adsorb and desorb C₂H₄ and SO₂ more easily than can Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃. Moreover, the SO₂-TPD patterns further show that Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ is more seriously inhibited by SO₂. These findings may properly explain why Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ has a higher activity for the reduction of SO₂.     

Fe2O3掺杂对氧化锌线性电阻的影响

利用固相烧结法制备出基础配方为ZnO–A1₂O3–MgO–TiO₂–SiO₂–Fe2O3的ZnO线性电阻。研究了Fe₂O₃掺杂量对ZnO线性电阻微观结构、阻温特性和阻频特性的影响。结果表明:当Fe₂O₃掺杂量为0.75%(质量分数)时,氧化锌线性电阻的非线性系数为1.1₂,阻温系数取得–8.23×10^–3/℃,此时样品的综合性能最好。     

Ethylene dimerization over NiSO4 supported on Fe2O3-promoted ZrO2 catalyst

The NiSO₄ supported on Fe₂O₃-promoted ZrO₂ catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. Fe₂O₃-promoted ZrO₂ was prepared by the coprecipitation method using a mixed aqueous solution of zirconium oxychloride and iron nitrate solution followed by adding an aqueous ammonia solution. No diffraction line of nickel sulfate was observed up to 20 wt.%, indicating good dispersion of nickel sulfate on the surface of Fe₂O₃–ZrO₂. The addition of nickel sulfate (or Fe₂O₃) to ZrO₂ shifted the phase transition of ZrO₂ (from amorphous to tetragonal) to higher temperatures because of the interaction between nickel sulfate (or Fe₂O₃) and ZrO₂. 15-NiSO₄/5-Fe₂O₃–ZrO₂ containing 15 wt.% NiSO₄ and 5 mol% Fe₂O₃, and calcined at 500 °C exhibited a maximum catalytic activity for ethylene dimerization. NiSO₄/Fe₂O₃–ZrO₂ catalysts was very effective for ethylene dimerization even at room temperature, but Fe₂O₃–ZrO₂ without NiSO₄ did not exhibit any catalytic activity at all. The catalytic activities were correlated with the acidity of catalysts measured by the ammonia chemisorption method. The addition of Fe₂O₃ up to 5 mol% enhanced the acidity, surface area, thermal property, and catalytic activities of catalysts gradually, due to the interaction between Fe₂O₃ and ZrO₂ and due to consequent formation of Fe–O–Zr bond.     

Hydrothermal transformation of the calcium aluminum oxide hydrates CaAl2O4·10H2O and Ca2Al2O5·8H2O to Ca3Al2(OH)12 investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

The hydrothermal transformation of calcium aluminate hydrates were investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction in the temperature range 25 to 170 °C. This technique allowed the study of the detailed reaction mechanism and identification of intermediate phases. The material CaAl₂O₄·10H₂O converted to Ca₃Al₂(OH)₁₂ and amorphous aluminum hydroxide. Ca₂Al₂O₅·8H₂O transformed via the intermediate phase Ca₄Al₂O₇·13H₂O to Ca₃Al₂(OH)₁₂ and gibbsite, Al(OH)₃. The phase Ca₄Al₂O₇·19H₂O reacted via the same intermediate phase to Ca₃Al₂(OH)₁₂ and mainly amorphous aluminum hydroxide. The powder pattern of the intermediate phase is reported.     

基于氧化铁/生物质碳复合材料的高性能超级电容器研究

为改善碳材料比电容低的问题以及氧化铁（Fe₂O₃）导电性和循环稳定性差的问题,采用氧化铁修饰生物质衍生碳（ATC）表面制备氧化铁/生物质碳（Fe₂O₃/ATC）复合材料,通过氧化铁和生物质衍生碳的协同效应使复合材料获得更高的比电容和更好的稳定性。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、拉曼（Raman）光谱等技术手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明,制备的复合材料存在一定的孔隙结构,氧化铁纳米粒子被锚定在碳表面。当氧化铁和生物质衍生碳的质量比为1:1时,制备的复合材料具有最优的电化学性能,在3.0 mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中显示出430.8 F/g（电流密度约为1.0 A/g）的高比电容,电流密度增大20倍时电容保持率大于60%。将其作为负极构建的不对称超级电容器具有较高的电压窗口（0~1.6 V）,并且实现了39.1 W·h/kg的高能量密度;同时表现出优异的循环稳定性,在电流密度为10 A/g下循环5 000次后拥有111%的电容保持率。     

功能性Fe3O4@SiO2核-壳纳米复合材料应用研究进展

Fe_3O_4@SiO_2是一种研究非常广泛的核壳纳米复合材料,为了拓展其应用范围,常采用化学键合、浸渍、沉积沉淀等方法对其表面进行修饰制备功能性Fe_3O_4@SiO_2。综述功能性Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核-壳纳米复合材料在药物缓释、催化、吸附、以及传感等相关应用领域中的最新研究进展。