MgFeMn-HTLcs的制备、改性及其CO加氢性能

采用沉淀-水热法制备了系列不同Mg/Fe/Mn配比的Mg Fe Mn-HTLcs类水滑石前体,经焙烧、浸渍法K改性用于CO加氢制烯烃反应。采用XRD、SEM、TG、N2吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,制备的Mg-Fe-Mn前体均具有类水滑石层状结构,Mn的添加使结晶度下降;焙烧后,Mg-Fe样品主要生成Mg O,Mg-Fe-Mn样品生成Mg_2Mn O_4、Mg O和Mg Fe_2O_4物相;反应后主要为Mg CO_3和Fe CO_3混合物相,伴随Fe O-Mn O和Fex Cy的生成;与K/Mg-Fe样品相比,Mn的加入进一步促进了Fe的分散,使得Fe_2O_3到Fe_3O_4还原度增加,其供电子效应促使Fe电子结合能向低偏移。在CO加氢反应中,K/Mg-Fe-Mn催化剂均表现出较高的反应活性和烯烃选择性。其中,K/3Mg-1Fe-2Mn催化剂的效果较好,CH4含量较低,O/P值达5.20,C_2~=C_4~=质量分数为43.03%。     

K/Mg-Fe催化剂的制备及其催化CO加氢性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了不同Mg/Fe配比的MgFe-HTLcs类水滑石前驱体,经焙烧、浸渍法K改性制得K/Mg-Fe催化剂并用于CO加氢反应。采用XRD、SEM、N2物理吸附-脱附、H2-TPR和CO-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,合成的样品均具有类水滑石结构,且热稳定性良好;反应后物相以MgCO3、Fe3O4为主,伴随Fe5C2的生成。在CO加氢反应中,K/Mg-Fe催化剂具有较高的活性和烯烃选择性,产物分布得到改善;K/5Mg-1Fe催化剂上,C=2~C=4含量达45.81wt%。     

不同氧化锰载体对费托钴基催化剂合成低碳烯烃的影响

制备不同的Co/MnO_x (Co/MnO、Co/MnO₂、Co/Mn₂O₃、Co/Mn₃O₄) 催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、TPR、DRIFTS、XPS表征手段分析催化剂的理化性质,比较不同氧化锰载体对催化性能的影响,考察催化剂对低碳烯烃(C₂⁼～C₄⁼)的选择性影响。结果表明催化剂Co/MnO和Co/Mn₃O₄更容易还原,并且CO的吸附量较大,有利于实现较高的CO转化率;Co/Mn₂O₃和Co/Mn₃O₄中CO桥式吸附更高,有利于生成更多的-CH₂-物种。综合考虑催化剂的活性和C₂⁼～C₄⁼选择性,Co/Mn₃O₄的费托合成(FTS)性能最好,其中C₂⁼～C₄⁼选择性为50.91%,烯烷比(O/P)为3.40。     

MnOx助剂对Fe/SiO2催化剂费-托合成制低碳烯烃动力学的影响

探讨了MnO_x助剂对Fe/SiO₂催化剂经由费-托反应(Fischer-Tropsch)制备低碳烯烃(FTO)的影响。通过浸渍法制备了Fe₂₀/SiO₂和Fe₂₀-Mn_1.0/SiO₂催化剂,结果表明MnO_x助剂显著提升了CO转化率和C₂～C₄烯烃的时空收率。程序升温吸附实验表明MnO_x助剂增加了Fe基催化剂表面碱性,促进了CO的解离吸附。运用幂指数模型,研究了Fe₂₀/SiO₂和Fe₂₀-Mn_1.0/SiO₂催化剂上FTO反应动力学,得到了各产物生成活化能与H₂/CO反应级数。最后,结合动力学研究与程序升温表征结果,对Fe基催化剂FTO反应机理,尤其是MnO_x助剂提高Fe₂₀/SiO₂催化剂上低碳烯烃选择性的作用进行了讨论。     

Fe/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO同时还原NO和SO2研究

研究了不同载体(γ-Al₂O₃、HZSM-5、TiO₂、SiO₂和MgO)负载Fe催化剂上CO还原NO反应及CO同时还原NO和SO₂反应。结果表明,Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对CO与NO反应具有良好的催化活性,但随着反应时间的延长,催化剂很快失活;在CO和NO反应中加入SO₂,可以明显改善Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对CO还原NO反应的活性稳定性;O₂和H₂O对催化剂活性的影响较大,CO₂对催化剂的影响较小。XRD结果表明,FeS₂是催化剂的活性中心,在CO与NO反应后,FeS₂转变为催化惰性的Fe₇S₈而导致催化剂活性下降;在CO与NO及SO₂反应体系中引入O₂后,Fe/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的活性组分FeS2被氧化为Fe₂O₃,导致催化剂失活。     

金属氧化物对油页岩热解产物收率及组成分布的影响

通过固定床反应器,对4种金属氧化物（Al₂O₃、MgO、CaO、Fe₂O₃）对油页岩热解所得油、气产率及成分的影响进行了研究。结果显示,碱性CaO对油、水、气、焦产率分布影响较为突出,可提高页岩油与半焦产率,并降低热解气产率;而酸性较强的Al₂O₃可同时提高页岩油、热解气和热解水的产率,有利于促进挥发分的析出;比较而言,MgO和Fe₂O₃的作用相对较弱。4种金属氧化物均可提高热解气中H₂、CH₄和C₂的产率;CaO作用下CO₂含量降低,而其他金属氧化物对CO₂的产生有不同程度的促进作用;Fe₂O₃可促进H₂产生;Al₂O₃作用下CH₄含量有所增加。4种金属氧化物均可促进页岩油中芳香烃的产生,并且CaO和MgO两种碱土金属氧化物作用下,短链（C₆~C₁₂）烷烃和烯烃含量均增加,而掺混Al₂O₃时页岩油中仅短链（C₆~C₁₂）烷烃含量增加。对此机理进行推测认为,碱性CaO和MgO首先与以脂肪酸形式存在的有机质进行酸碱反应,得到脱羧活性更高的羧酸盐,后者脱羧所得中间产物具有生成烷烃或烯烃两条可能路径,同时得到碳酸盐;而在具有Lewis酸特征的Al₂O₃作用下,脱羧产物为CO₂,并同时得到饱和烃产物。     

活化气氛对CO2加氢制取低碳烯烃Fe-K催化剂构-效关系

CO₂加氢直接制取低碳烯烃是实现其资源化利用的重要途径。通过热分解法制备了5种不同K含量（1%、3%、5%、7%、9%）的Fe-K催化剂用于CO₂加氢反应,结果表明Fe95-K5（95% Fe-5% K,质量分数）催化剂具有最优的活性及C₂～C₄烯烃选择性;随后对Fe95-K5催化剂进行了10% H₂/Ar、10% CO/Ar及5% CO/5% H₂/Ar 3种不同气氛活化处理以及CO₂加氢反应。结果发现,10% CO/Ar活化的催化剂具有最高的C₂～C₄烯烃选择性（38.1%）及链增长能力（α=0.644）。此外,还通过X射线衍射、Raman、程序升温等表征技术揭示了催化剂在不同活化气氛下的结构演变历程。研究发现,10% CO/Ar与5% CO/5% H₂/Ar活化的催化剂会生成γ₁型碳化铁结构,而10% H₂/Ar活化的催化剂则会在反应过程中生成γ₂型碳化铁结构,两种碳化铁结构对CO₂解离均有促进作用。     

Fe2O3-Co3O4异质结的熔盐法制备及其析氢性能

氧化物在电催化析氢反应中具有广阔的应用前景。以Na F和KNO₃的混合盐为反应介质，以Co Cl₃和Fe Cl₃为原料，通过熔盐法于350℃煅烧2 h便可制得Fe₂O₃-Co₃O₄异质结构，并将其用于绿色制氢。借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析样品的微观形貌、物相结构和电子结构信息，验证了Fe₂O₃和Co₃O₄之间存在有效耦合。Fe₂O₃可使催化剂表面粗糙，大幅增加活性比表面积。此外，Fe₂O₃和Co₃O₄之间存在电子相互作用，Fe₂O₃向Co₃O₄提供电子，降低Co原子的价态，大大提升了Fe     

不同粒径Pd/Al2O3催化乙炔加氢反应微观动力学分析

采用等量浸渍法制备了α-Al₂O₃负载的系列Pd催化剂,运用BET、XRD、ICP-AES、CO化学吸附、TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征;根据部分析因实验设计方案进行动力学实验,采用微观反应动力学方法模拟和分析了所获稳定期本征动力学实验结果。结果发现,制备所得催化剂Pd颗粒的平均粒径分别为1.6、3.4、5.5 nm,CO化学吸附所测定达到活性稳定期后的催化剂表面Pd原子数与Hardeveld模型计算的Pd（111）表面原子数一致;模拟结果表明该微观动力学模型可以很好地模拟不同粒径催化剂上的动力学结果,在所研究范围内表面最丰物种为C₂H₄^*和C₂H₃^*,通过微观与宏观动力学的特征判断3种催化剂上乙炔加氢的速率控制步骤为乙烯基加氢生成乙烯。     

Al、K和Ca助剂对FeSi催化剂的CO2加氢反应性能影响

对于CO₂合成烃,采用SiO₂作Fe基催化剂强度增强剂,利用Al、K和Ca促进催化剂的CO₂加氢反应性能。Al可以增加Fe基催化剂的强酸性位,提高C₅⁺烃选择性,K能增加Fe基催化剂表面碱性,增强CO₂吸附和加氢反应,Ca助剂可以提高Fe基催化剂碱性,采用共沉淀法制备FeSi催化剂母体,利用浸渍法添加Al、K和Ca助剂,考察Al、K和Ca助剂对FeSi 催化剂的CO₂加氢性能影响。结果表明,3种助剂被单独添加时,均引起催化剂比表面积减小和CO₂转化率降低,Ca助剂具有扩孔作用;同时添加3种助剂时,每种助剂的含量变化均引起催化剂性能改变,Al、K和Ca助剂添加质量分数分别为7%、5%和0.25%时,催化剂合成烃的性能较佳,通过配合调整Al和K的添加量,可以进一步提高催化剂的CO₂加氢性能。在提高烃收率方面,Ca的促进作用优于K。     

Effect of Fe content on FeMn catalysts for light alkenes synthesis

The effect of Fe content on FeMn/MgO catalysts for light alkenes synthesis through CO hydrogenation was investigated. Catalysts were prepared by a conventional co-impregnation method, characterized using BET, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) techniques. High activity was obtained over the catalyst with 9 wt-% Fe content, over which CO conversion and the selectivity of C₂⁼–C₄⁼ reached 91.36% and 58.48%, respectively. With the increase of Fe content, both the conversion and the selectivity were improved within a certain range and then decreased. The results show that the surface area of the catalyst played an important role in the catalytic reaction. With the increase of Fe loading, the interaction action between Fe and Mn was enhanced and FeMn solid solution was formed.     

Catalytic reduction of SO2 over supported transition-metal oxide catalysts with C2H4 as a reducing agent

This work investigates performances of supported transition-metal oxide catalysts for the catalytic reduction of SO₂ with C₂H₄ as a reducing agent. Experimental results indicate that the active species, the support, the feed ratio of C₂H₄/SO₂, and pretreatment are all important factors affecting catalyst activity. Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ was found to be the most active catalyst among six γ-Al₂O₃-supported metal oxide catalysts tested. With Fe₂O₃ as the active species, of the supports tested, CeO₂ is the most suitable one. Using this Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ catalyst, we found that the optimal Fe content is 10 wt.%, the optimal feed ratio of C₂H₄/SO₂ is 1:1, and the catalyst presulfidized by H₂+H₂S exhibits a higher performance than those pretreated with H₂ or He. Although the feed concentrations of C₂H₄:SO₂ being 3000:3000 ppm provide a higher conversion of SO₂, the sulfur yield decreases drastically at temperatures above 300 °C. With higher feed concentrations, maximum yield appears at higher temperatures. The C₂H₄ temperature-programmed desorption (C₂H₄-TPD) and SO₂-TPD desorption patterns illustrate that Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ can adsorb and desorb C₂H₄ and SO₂ more easily than can Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃. Moreover, the SO₂-TPD patterns further show that Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ is more seriously inhibited by SO₂. These findings may properly explain why Fe₂O₃/CeO₂ has a higher activity for the reduction of SO₂.     

一种新γ相氧化铝负载的铁铝双金属催化剂用于反向水煤气转化反应(英文)

In reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction CO₂ is converted to CO which in turn can be used to produce beneficial chemicals such as methanol. In the present study, Mo/Al₂O₃, Fe/Al₂O₃ and Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts were synthesised using impregnation method. The structures of catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), CO chemisorption, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Kinetic properties of all catalysts were investigated in a batch reactor for RWGS reaction. The results indicated that Mo existence in structure of Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst enhances its activity as compared to Fe/Al₂O₃. This enhancement is probably due to better Fe dispersion and smaller particle size of Fe species. Stability test of Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst was carried out in a fixed bed reactor and a high CO yield for 60 h of time on stream was demonstrated. Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ phase was found in the structures of fresh and used catalysts. TPR results also indicate that Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ phase has low reducibility, therefore the Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ phase signifificantly inhibits the reduction of the remaining Fe oxides in the catalyst, resulted in high stability of Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Overall, this study introduces Fe-Mo/Al₂O₃ as a novel catalyst with high CO yield, almost no by-products and fairly stable for RWGS reaction.     

Cu-based spinel catalysts CuB2O4 (B = Fe, Mn, Cr, Ga, Al, Fe0.75Mn0.25) for steam reforming of dimethyl ether

Cu-based spinel-oxides CuB₂O₄ (B = Fe, Mn, Cr, Ga, Al, or Fe_0.75Mn_0.25) were synthesized via a sol–gel method and subsequent solid-state reaction. The spinels mechanically mixed with γ-Al₂O₃ were evaluated for production of hydrogen from dimethyl ether steam reforming (DME SR). The reduction behavior and crystal property of these spinel-oxides, and the Cu oxidation state in spinel catalysts were investigated by temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The reduced phases of the Cu-based spinel catalysts that strongly affected the catalytic activity and durability were composed of metallic copper with metal oxides (MnO (B = Mn), Cr₂O₃ (B = Cr), and Al₂O₃ (B = Al)) or with spinels (CuGa₂O₄ (B = Ga), Fe₃O₄ (B = Fe), and MnFe₂O₄ (B = Fe_0.75Mn_0.25). The stability of B metal oxides and the interaction between copper species and B metal oxides significantly contributed to the reforming performance.     

铁氧化物在流化床温度和CO气氛下的形态迁移及其对NO催化还原

利用小型固定床实验台实验研究了铁氧化物在典型流化床温度和CO还原性气氛下的形态迁移及其生成物对NO的催化还原作用,采用分级还原结合X射线衍射（XRD）表征分析,确定铁氧化物与CO和NO反应后生成物的价态及各种铁氧化物对NO的还原机制。结果表明,Fe₂O₃在实验条件下可依次被CO还原为Fe₃O₄、FeO和单质铁,反应过程中随着还原度的增加,还原速率逐级下降,从Fe₂O₃还原到Fe₃O₄的速率最高,FeO还原到Fe速率最低,在实验温度范围内,床温升高有利于提高Fe₂O₃到Fe₃O₄的还原速率和还原度。不同形态的铁氧化物对NO的催化还原特性不同,Fe₂O₃及其部分还原后生成的Fe₃O₄都不能直接与NO反应,Fe₂O₃对CO催化还原NO的效果很弱,而Fe₃O₄对CO还原NO的反应却有很强的催化作用,而进一步还原生成FeO与单质铁还可直接与NO反应。     

不同Pd/Ag配比Pd-Ag/Al2O3催化乙炔加氢微观反应动力学分析

乙炔加氢是乙烯工业中的重要精制反应。以α-Al₂O₃作为载体,采用分步等量浸渍法制备了不同Pd/Ag配比的加氢催化剂,使用N₂物理吸附、XRD、ICP、XPS、TEM和CO化学吸附等手段表征催化剂的结构和组成,根据正交实验设计方案进行动力学实验,建立了微观反应动力学模型,并根据动力学模拟结果和动力学参数值的变化分析了Ag助剂含量对乙炔加氢反应动力学的影响。研究结果表明,以Pd-Ag催化剂上碳二加氢的DFT计算结果为基础参数来源,经过吸脱附步骤活化能的优化,微观反应动力学模型可以很好地模拟不同Pd/Ag配比催化剂上的乙炔加氢反应动力学结果;在所研究范围内,各催化剂上加氢反应的表面最丰物种皆为C₂H₄^*,速率控制步骤为乙烯基加氢,不会随着Ag含量的不同发生变化;但是Ag含量的增加显著降低了氢气脱附活化能,提高了乙烯的选择性,这可能与Ag含量的提高增加了催化剂表面Ag和Pd之间的电子转移现象有关。     

Performance and characterization of Ru/Al2O3 and Ru/SiO2 catalysts modified with Mn for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Mn effect and characterization on γ-Al₂O₃-, -Al₂O₃- and SiO₂-supported Ru catalysts were investigated for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis under pressurized conditions. In the slurry phase Fischer–Tropsch reaction, γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts showed higher performance on CO conversion and C₅⁺ selectivity than -Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ catalysts. Moreover, Ru/Mn/γ-Al₂O₃ exhibited high resistance to catalyst deactivation and other catalysts were deactivated during the reaction. From characterization results on XRD, TPR, TEM, XPS and pore distribution, Ru particles were clearly observed over the catalysts, and γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts showed a moderate pore and particle size such as 8 nm, where -Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ showed highly dispersed ruthenium particles. The addition of Mn to γ-Al₂O₃ enhanced the removal of chloride from RuCl₃, which can lead to the formation of metallic Ru with moderate particle size, which would be an active site for Fischer–Tropsch reaction. Concomitantly, manganese chloride is formed. These schemes can be assigned to the stable nature of Ru/Mn/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.