CH_4/C_2H_6/C_3H_8在MOF-505@5GO上吸附相平衡和选择性

应用溶剂热法合成了不同氧化石墨烯(GO)负载量的MOF-505@GO复合材料,分别采用全自动表面积吸附仪、P-XRD、SEM和Raman对材料进行了性能表征,测定了CH_4、C_2H_6和C_3H_8在MOF-505@GO上的吸附等温线,并进行Langmuir-Freundlich方程拟合,依据IAST理论模型计算了C_2H_6/CH_4和C_3H_8/CH_4二元混合气在MOF-505@5GO上的吸附选择性。研究结果表明,随着GO负载量增大,MOF-505@GO复合材料的孔容及BET比表面积先增大后减小,当GO负载量为5%(质量)时,复合材料MOF-505@5GO的孔容及BET比表面积达到最大,当GO负载量进一步增大至8%(质量)和10%(质量)时,复合材料的孔容及BET比表面积逐渐降低。在0.1 MPa和298 K条件下,MOF-505@5GO对CH_4、C_2H_6和C_3H_8的吸附容量分别为0.88、4.81和5.17 mmol·g~(-1),相比MOF-505分别提高了14.9%、30.7%和13.1%。MOF-505@5GO对C_2H_6/CH_4和C_3H_8/CH_4的吸附选择性分别为40.1和3056.1,其对C_2H_6/CH_4和C_3H_8/CH_4具有极高的吸附选择性。     

温度对MOF-74(Ni)吸附分离丙烯丙烷机理和选择性的影响

采用水热法成功制备了MOF-74(Ni),使用PXRD、孔径分析对材料进行了表征,测定了材料在不同温度下的C₃H₆和C₃H₈吸附等温线,应用程序升温脱附技术估算了脱附活化能,并使用IAST理论预测了材料对C₃H₆/C₃H₈二元体系的吸附选择性。讨论了温度对吸附机理和吸附选择性的影响。结果显示,MOF-74(Ni)的BET比表面积高达1306 m²·g^-1。在298 K下,C₃H₆的吸附量高达7.4 mmol·g^-1。随着温度升高,C₃H₈的吸附量大幅降低,而C₃H₆的吸附量下降程度较小,导致材料对C₃H₆/C₃H₈吸附选择性升高。当温度为328K时,MOF-74(Ni)对C₃H₆/C₃H₈二元气体混合物的吸附选择接近12。程序升温脱附的实验结果显示,C₃H₆在MOF-74(Ni)上的脱附活化能大于C₃H₈,分别为68.92 kJ·mol^-1和50.80 kJ·mol^-1。C₃H₆是通过与MOF-74(Ni)的不饱和金属位点Ni²⁺以p络合作用方式吸附,作用力较强,而C₃H₈与Ni²⁺之间的作用力较弱。根据吸附机理不同的特点,适当提高温度,将有助于提高MOF-74(Ni)吸附分离C₃H₆/C₃H₈混合物体系的吸附选择性。     

低碳烷烃烯烃在超微孔柔性Cu(Qc)2上的吸附行为

采用实验研究与分子模拟相结合的方法研究了低碳烷烃烯烃在超微孔柔性Cu(Qc)₂上的吸附热力学、动力学和吸附分离机理。用常温合成方法制备了超微孔金属-有机骨架材料Cu(Qc)₂,测定了低碳烷烃烯烃（CH₄/C₂H₄/C₂H₆/C₃H₆/C₃H₈）在Cu(Qc)₂上的吸附相平衡和吸附动力学。使用Materials Studio中的Fortcite模块模拟低碳烷烃烯烃在超微孔柔性Cu(Qc)₂上的吸附机理以及材料的结构形变。结果表明Cu(Qc)₂具有优良的C₂H₆ /C₂H₄吸附选择性和吸附动力学,而对C₃H₈ /C₃H₆的吸附选择性很低。273 K和0.1 MPa下,C₂H₆/C₂H₄在Cu(Qc)₂上的IAST选择性达4.6。298 K和0.05 MPa下C₂H₆/C₂H₄在Cu(Qc)₂上的扩散时间常数分别达1.42×10^-3和1.48×10^-3_{s^-1,扩散活化能分别为16.62 和16.43 kJ/mol。应用装填Cu(Qc)2的固定床可在常温条件下实现C2H6 /C2H4二元混合气的完全分离。模拟结果显示Cu(Qc)2为二维堆叠结构,材料会由于吸附不同分子而发生不同程度的结构形变。甲烷易从变大的层间扩散脱附,导致其在材料上的吸附量很低;C2H6/C2H4两者都能稳定吸附在层中的孔道中,其分离推动力主要来源于两种气体在材料上明显的吸附热差异;C3H8/C3H6会分别吸附在两种不同的环境,吸附热差异小导致Cu(Qc)2对C3H8 /C3H6的吸附选择性低。}     

反应吸附强化C2/C3烃水蒸气重整制氢反应热力学计算

为拓宽反应吸附强化水蒸气重整制氢（ReSER）原料的应用范围,采用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus,针对包括C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈ 的C2/C3轻烃 ReSER制氢反应可行性和优化条件进行热力学分析计算。在选择的反应压力0.1～5 MPa,温度200～800℃,水碳摩尔比（S/C）1～8和吸附剂中氧化钙和原料碳摩尔比（Ca/C）0～5条件下进行热力学分析计算。计算结果表明：在优选的水碳比（S/C）4,钙碳比（Ca/C）2.5,温度200～650℃,压力0.1～1.8 MPa的条件下, C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈均可分别通过ReSER反应获得H₂含量在95%以上的产物,产物中H₂浓度均随着水碳比和钙碳比的增大而提高。在假设的水碳比4,钙碳比2.5条件下,当CO₂脱除率达到0.9以上,C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈的反应温度分别高于250、400、250、350℃时,产物中H₂摩尔分数均可达到95%以上,产物中的H₂浓度随着反应温度的升高和CO₂脱除率的增加而提高。当CO₂脱除率低于0.9,产物H₂摩尔分数要达到95%时,C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈的反应温度均需升高50℃。在相同长度C链的烃类中,烯烃比烷烃更容易发生ReSER反应。而原料的碳链越长,则越容易发生ReSER制氢反应。     

C2H6/C3H8影响CH4爆炸极限参数及动力学特性研究

为研究C₂H₆/C₃H₈对甲烷爆炸极限参数及动力学特性的影响,采用标准的可燃气体爆炸极限测定装置测定了不同配比的C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体对甲烷爆炸极限的影响规律,同时得出了氮气惰化条件下甲烷爆炸临界参数的变化规律。此外,利用Chemkin软件模拟了C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体对甲烷爆炸过程中中间产物浓度的影响情况,并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,C₂H₆/C₃H₈的存在降低了甲烷的爆炸上下限,增大了甲烷的爆炸危险度;在氮气惰化过程中甲烷的爆炸上限下降,爆炸下限上升,最终爆炸上下限重合,重合点处甲烷浓度和氮气临界浓度均随C₂H₆/C₃H₈的添加而逐渐减小;此外,C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体使甲烷爆炸过程中CO和·H的生成量逐渐增大,而CO₂、·O和·OH的生成量则有下降趋势,通过对爆炸过程中甲烷体积的敏感性分析,发现C₂H₆/C₃H₈的存在在某种程度上促进了甲烷爆炸。对比不同配比的C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体,发现C₃H₈含量越高,其对甲烷爆炸过程中相关参数的影响越大,这可为工矿企业的安全生产提供一定的理论依据。     

真实吸附溶液理论预测CH4-C2H6在活性炭上的吸附平衡

采用容积法测试了纯CH₄和C₂H₆在204-Ⅱ活性炭上的吸附等温线,温度为293 K,压力范围为0～4 MPa。采用捕集法测试了CH₄-C₂H₆混合体系293 K、0～1.1 MPa条件下在204-Ⅱ活性炭上的吸附平衡数据,其中CH₄浓度范围34.0%～95.2%。引入描述吸附相自身非理想性的真实吸附溶液模型(RAST),结合描述吸附剂表面势场不均一的孔径分布模型(MPSD),建立了MPSD-RAST模型,其中RAST模型中的活度因子使用Wilson方程和NTRL方程计算。采用MPSD-RAST模型对CH₄-C₂H₆吸附平衡数据进行了预测,并与理想吸附溶液模型(IAST)和MPSD-IAST模型进行了对比分析。结果表明,对于轻组分CH₄,MPSD-RAST模型预测平衡吸附量和摩尔分数的精度明显优于IAST和MPSD-IAST模型;对于重组分C₂H₆,IAST、MPSD-IAST和MPSD-RAST 3种模型的预测偏差均低于5%。研究结果表明,预测混合气体的吸附平衡,吸附相自身非理想性是必须考虑的重要因素。     

MOF-199@GO改性PVDF荷电纳滤膜的制备及其性能

采用原位生长法制备了MOF-199@氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米复合材料,并对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）支撑膜进行表面改性,以克服PVDF膜表面疏水性。通过界面聚合反应,制备了基于MOF-199@GO改性PVDF的聚酰胺复合荷电纳滤膜。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、AFM和zeta电位等手段表征了MOF-199@GO复合材料及MOF-199@GO改性PVDF聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的结构及微观形貌,并测试了MOF-199@GO改性PVDF聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的脱盐性能。结果表明：通过MOF-199@GO复合材料对PVDF支撑膜的表面改性,有效克服了PVDF支撑膜的疏水性,实现了表面聚酰胺薄层的均匀连续生长,荷电纳滤膜表面荷负电性能显著增强,其中经MOF-199@GO充分改性的复合荷电纳滤膜表现出优异的脱盐性能,对MgSO₄、Na₂SO₄、NaCl和MgCl₂四种盐的截留率分别达到了93.56%、93.04%、87.48%和87.11%。     

葡萄糖基多孔碳材料对CO2/CH4的分离性能

以淀粉糖（主要成分为葡萄糖）为碳前体,制备了一系列多孔碳材料（C-GLCs-800）,对其进行孔隙结构分析,并应用FT-IR、SEM、TGA对其进行了表征,测定了材料在288、298和308 K下的CO₂和CH₄吸附等温线,根据IAST理论预测了材料对CO₂/CH₄二元体系的吸附选择性。实验结果显示,活化条件对材料的孔隙结构有明显影响,随着KOH/C质量比的增加,所制备的C-GLCs-800比表面积和总孔容先增加后降低。其中C-GLC-800-4的BET比表面积高达3153 m²·g^-1,总孔容为2.056 cm³·g^-1。C-GLC-800-2的窄微孔（V_d<1 nm,孔容0.3538 cm³·g^-1）含量最高,为30.63%。C-GLC-800-2在298 K和10⁵ Pa下对CO₂吸附量高达3.96 mmol·g^-1,明显高于许多传统吸附材料和MOFs材料在相同条件下对CO₂的吸附容量。应用Clausiuse-Clapeyron方程计算了CO₂和CH₄在材料上的吸附热,应用IAST理论计算了CO₂/CH₄的吸附选择性,结果显示C-GLC-800-2对CO₂/CH₄的吸附选择性为8.35。     

联合发射光谱与动力学计算的非热等离子体重整CO2-CH4机理

非平衡等离子体重整CO₂-CH₄制合成气是实现2种温室气体资源化利用的新兴技术途径。综合采用发射光谱分析、反应动力学计算和连续质谱对常温常压介质阻挡放电(DBD)非热等离子体重整CO₂-CH₄反应途径进行探索。比功率S_EI为52 J/cm³时,可得到CH₄和CO₂转化率最大分别为22.8%和9.4%。稳态气相产物连续质谱在线分析表明,C₂H₄为C₂烃生成重要中间体,CH₄比例越高C₂烃生成量越大,且按C₂H₆2H₄2H₂顺序升高。发射光谱检测到·CH、·C₂自由基和CO、CO■特征谱线,·CH相对强度随比功率增加明显降低,CO■相对强...     

焦炉煤气常量含碳气氛对加氢脱硫催化剂活性、选择性和积炭的影响

利用微型固定床反应装置对工业Fe-Mo预加氢脱硫催化剂进行加氢脱硫(HDS)评价，研究焦炉煤气中不同常量含碳原料组分(CH₄、C₂H₄、C₂H₆、CO、CO₂)对催化剂加氢活性、选择性以及积炭的影响，并采用红外碳硫分析仪、N₂吸附-脱附、Raman以及TPRS-MS对催化剂进行表征。结果表明：在N₂气氛下，COS、CS₂和C₄H₄S加氢转化由易到难顺序为：COS>CS₂>C₄H₄S，但COS加氢转化受含碳气氛影响最明显，致使焦炉煤气加氢脱硫中COS难以完全脱除；不同气氛对硫化物加氢选择性都会产生影响，其中C₂H₄气氛对选择性影响最明显，而对H₂S收率影响最明显的是CO₂和CO；不同含碳...     

A pillared-layer metal-organic framework for efficient separation of C3H8/C2H6/CH4 in natural gas

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potentials as adsorbents for natural gas purification. However, the trade-off between selectivity and adsorption capacity remains a challenge. Herein, we report a pillared-layer metal-organic framework Ni(HBTC)(bipy) for efficiently separating the C₃H₈/C₂H₆/CH₄ mixture. The experimental results show that the adsorption capacity of C₃H₈ and C₂H₆ on Ni(HBTC)(bipy) are as high as 6.18 and 5.85 mmol·g^-1, while only 0.93 mmol·g^-1 for CH₄ at 298 K and 100 kPa. Especially, the adsorption capacity of C₃H₈ at 5 kPa can reach an unprecedented 4.52 mmol·g^-1 and for C₂H₆ it is 1.48 mmol·g^-1 at 10 kPa. The ideal adsorbed solution theory predicted C₃H₈/CH₄ selectivity is as high as 1857.0, superior to most of the reported materials. Breakthrough experiment results indicated that material could completely separate the C₃H₈/C₂H₆/CH₄ mixture. Therefore, Ni(HBTC)(bipy) is a promising material for separation of natural gas.     

Boosting selective C2H2/CH4, C2H4/CH4 and CO2/CH4 adsorption performance via 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymers

Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers have shown great potentials in gas adsorption/separation, photocatalysis, electrochemistry, sensing and so on. Herein, 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymers (TT-POPs) have been synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Cu-AAC) polymerization reactions of 1,3,5-tris(4-azidophenyl)-triazine with 1,4-diacetylene benzene and 1,3,5-triacetylenebenzene, respectively. The characterizations of N₂ adsorption at 77 K show TT-POPs possess permanent porosity with BET surface areas of 666 m²·g^-1 (TT-POP-1) and 406 m²·g^-1 (TT-POP-2). The adsorption capacities of TT-POPs for CO₂, CH₄, C₂H₂ and C₂H₄, as well as the selective separation abilities of CO₂/N₂, CO₂/CH₄, C₂H₂/CH₄ and C₂H₄/CH₄ were evaluated. The gas selective separation ratio of TT-POPs was calculated by the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) method, wherein the selective separation ratios of C₂H₂/CH₄ and C₂H₄/CH₄ of TT-POP-2 was 48.4 and 13.6 (298 K, 0.1 MPa), which is comparable to other adsorbents (5.6-120.6 for C₂H₂/CH₄, 10-26 for C₂H₄/CH₄). This work shows that the 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymer has a good application prospect in natural gas purification.     

Phase transitions in R2 SnCl6-type crystals (R = NH3 C2H3, NH3C2H5 and N(CH3)4)

The thermal dilatation in (NH₃ ·CH₃) SnCl₆, (NH₃ · C₂H₅) SnCl₆ and [N(CH₃)] SnCl₆ was measured, and as the results it has turned out that (NH₃ ⁶·C₂H₅) SnCl₆ and [N(CH₃)₄]₂ SnCl₆ undergo the first order transitions at 128 K and 158 K, respectively. The low temperature phases of (NH · C₂H₅) SnCl₆ and [N(CH₃)₄]₂ SnC1₆ are found to be monoclinic and tetragonal, respectively, No phase transition was observed in (NH₃ ·CH₃)₂ SnCl₆ down to 77 K.     

Synthesis of C2H4 by partial oxidation of CH4 over LiCl/NiO

Alkali halide added transition metal oxides produced ethylene selectively in oxidative coupling of methane. The role of alkali halides has been investigated for LiCl-added NiO (LiCl/NiO). In the absence of LiCl the reaction over NiO produced only carbon oxides (CO₂ + CO). However, addition of LiCl drastically improved the yield of C₂ compounds (C₂H₆ + C₂H₄). One of the roles of LiCl is to inhibit the catalytic activity of the host NiO for deep oxidation of CH₄. The reaction catalyzed by the LiCl/NiO proceeds stepwise from CH₄ to C₂H₄ through C₂H₆ (2CH₄ → C₂H₆ → C₂H₄). The study on the oxidation of C₂H₆ over the LiCl/NiO showed that the oxidative dehydrogenation of C₂H₆ to C₂H₄ occurs very selectively, which is the main reason why partial oxidation of CH₄ over LiCl/NiO gives C₂H₄ quite selectively. The other role of LiCl is to prevent the host oxide (NiO) from being reduced by CH₄. The catalyst model under working conditions was suggested to be the NiO covered with molten LiCl. XPS studies suggested that the catalytically active species on the LiCl/NiO is a surface compound oxide which has higher valent nickel cations (Ni^(2+δ)+ or Ni³⁺). The catalyst was deactivated at the temperatures>973 K due to vaporization of LiCl and consumption of chlorine during reaction. The kinetic and CH₄---CD₄ exchange studies suggested that the rate-determining step of the reaction is the abstraction of H from the vibrationally excited methane by the molecular oxygen adsorbed on the surface compound oxide.     

Stable mixed metal-organic framework for efficient C2H6/C2H4 separation

In view of lacking efficient ethane-selective adsorbent for ethane/ethylene separation, a highly stable microporous mixed metal-organic framework, termed as MUV-10(Mn), was synthesized by the solvothermal method and it could efficiently separate C₂H₆/C₂H₄ mixture. The structure and morphology of synthesized material was confirmed by XRD, SEM, TGA and BET, etc. Selectivity and corresponding adsorption heat of C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ were calculated based on single component adsorption results measured in details. The results show that MUV-10(Mn) features C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivity about 1.42 and can absorb more C₂H₆ than C₂H₄ at room temperature. And it has high acid, alkali and water vapor stability. Addtionally, dynamic breakthrough experiment showed MUV-10(Mn) could extracted low concentration of C₂H₆ from C₂H₆/C₂H₄ mixture (V_{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{6}}}\text{?}/\text{?}{V}_{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}}=1∶9 and 1∶15) to collect C₂H₄ gas with high purity, which indicates the promising future of MUV-10(Mn) in C₂H₄ purification.     

高稳定双金属MOF材料用于低浓度乙烷的高效分离

针对乙烷/乙烯分离过程中,缺乏高效稳定的乙烷选择吸附剂,采用溶剂热法合成了一种具有高稳定性的双金属微孔MOF材料MUV-10(Mn),通过吸附分离的方式,实现了乙烯中低浓度乙烷的高效分离。采用XRD、SEM、TGA、比表面分析等表征手段对所制备材料的结构及形貌进行了确认和分析,详细测试了MUV-10(Mn)对乙烷和乙烯单组分气体的吸附性能,并进行了选择性和吸附热的计算。结果表明,MUV-10(Mn)在室温下的乙烷吸附量高于乙烯对于乙烷/乙烯混合气的选择性为1.42,且具有高的酸、碱和水蒸气稳定性。混合气体穿透实验表明,MUV-10(Mn)能够高效去除乙烯中的低浓度乙烷,得到高纯乙烯气体,在乙烯提纯方面显示出良好的应用前景。     

The homogeneous gas phase oxidation of methane and the retarding effect of basic/inert surfaces

The homogeneous gas phase O₂-based oxidation of methane was studied in the temperature range, from 500°C to 750°C at methane partial pressures ranging from 3 bar to 40 bar. At the lower end of the temperature range methanol, formaldehyde, and CO represent the main products, while at temperatures exceeding 650° C/C-coupled products, C₂H₆, C₂H₄, C₃H₆ and C₃H₈ predominate. The change in selectivity as function of the temperature is well explained based on a free radical chain mechanism with degenerate branching, initiated by the gas phase reaction, CH₄+O₂→CH^·₃+HO^·₂. Bringing in basic catalysts known to catalyze the system at low methane partial pressures, in the reactor e.g. SrCO₃, BaCO₃, and 7% Li/MgO resulted in reduced rates of methane and oxygen conversions, and only minor changes in the selectivity to coupled products were observed.