IEC61850在故障信息处理系统中的应用

IEC 61850"变电站通信网络和系统"是关于变电站自动化的最新国际标准,本文首先简单论述了故障信息处理系统的现状及标准化建设的必要性,然后详细介绍了IEC 61850对于故障信息处理系统的指导作用.文中提出了将故障信息处理系统子站看作是一个特殊功能的智能电子装置IED,介绍了遵循IEC 61850的保护装置的对象建模方法.     

Picbreeder: a case study in collaborative evolutionary exploration of design space

For domains in which fitness is subjective or difficult to express formally, interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) is a natural choice. It is possible that a collaborative process combining feedback from multiple users can improve the quality and quantity of generated artifacts. Picbreeder, a large-scale online experiment in collaborative interactive evolution (CIE), explores this potential. Picbreeder is an online community in which users can evolve and share images, and most importantly, continue evolving others' images. Through this process of branching from other images, and through continually increasing image complexity made possible by the underlying neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (NEAT) algorithm, evolved images proliferate unlike in any other current IEC system. This paper discusses not only the strengths of the Picbreeder approach, but its challenges and shortcomings as well, in the hope that lessons learned will inform the design of future CIE systems.     

解析智能变电站IEC61850数据集模型

如今在智能变电站中IED间的通讯形式从相互连通到互操作都得到了标准化,而IEC61850就是这一标准化的重要成果。IEC61850着手解决的就是不同变电站和不同供应商的设备之间的互操作性,从而满足变电站的需求。本文描述IEC61850的面向对象技术、UML建模技术以及应用视图模型和数据集模型的实现。     

基于IEC61131-3标准的电梯控制系统设计

IEC61131-3是工业控制系统编程语言的第一套国际标准。介绍了IEC61131-3国际标准的产生、发展和特点,从程序组织单位组成及内容、编程语言等方面详细地阐述了IEC61131-3的软件开发平台,讨论了使用该标准构建控制系统的语言模式。最后以电梯控制为例阐述了使用IEC61131-3控制系统的组态和编程步骤。通过运行证明,系统较好地模拟了电梯的实际运行过程,体现了IEC61131-3标准的特点和优势。     

浅谈软件质量度量和软件产品评价

软件质量度量和软件产品评价系列标准是国际标准化组织ISO／IEC JTC1近年来在软件工程标准方面的研究重点之一,对于通过量化手段进行软件产品的度量和评价,规范软件产品的质量管理,这两个系列标准提供了一条可以参考的实施途径。本文在多年跟踪研究国际上软件工程标准和制定软件工程国家标准的基础上,对ISO／IEC JTC1近年推出的ISO／IEC 9126和ISO／IEC 14598系列,以及正在研制的ISO／IEC 25000系列标准进行综合介绍。     

Evaluation of the implementation of a subset of ISO/IEC 29110 Software Implementation process in four teams of undergraduate students of Ecuador. An empirical software engineering experiment

The competitiveness of software development companies depends on their ability to offer software products with quality attributes within approved budget and schedule. Most Very Small Entities (VSEs) that develop software do not see the benefits of implementing software standards. Consequently, they limit their potential to be recognised as quality software development entities. In this study, the authors present results obtained through the application of empirical software engineering in an experiment in which the ISO/IEC TR 29110–5–1–2 “Software engineering – Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) – Part 5–1–2: Management and engineering guide: Generic profile group: Basic profile” was used. The guide includes two processes: Project Management (PM) process and Software Implementation (SI) process. The objective of the project was the development of a software product for the scheduling of medical appointments for the Student Wellness Center of a university of Ecuador. Four teams of undergraduate students were involved. Two of them (controlled teams) implemented a subset of the SI process, while the other two (non-controlled teams) had freedom to choose development activities that were subsequently mapped with the activities of the standard. All teams developed the software product using the SCRUM framework within the same timeframe. Although the experiment was focused on the SI process, the teams also used a tailored version of the PM process defined by the professors. The experiment execution encountered several difficulties. For example, the timeframe of six weeks established in the design of the experiment was too short since students worked part time in the project. All the teams experienced this difficulty, especially when they had to construct and test the software components. Overall, the teams that used the ISO/IEC TR 29110–5–1–2 guide achieved better scores in the quality evaluation of their software processes.     

Challenges and research directions for heterogeneous cyber–physical system based on IEC 61850: Vulnerabilities,security requirements,and security architecture

IEC 61850, an international standard for communication networks, is becoming prevalent in the cyber–physical system (CPS) environment, especially with regard to the electrical grid. Recently, since cyber threats in the CPS environment have increased, security matters for individual protocols used in this environment are being discussed at length. However, there have not been many studies on the types of new security vulnerabilities and the security requirements that are required in a heterogeneous protocol environment based on IEC 61850. In this paper, we examine the electrical grid in Korea, and discuss security vulnerabilities, security requirements, and security architectures in such an environment.     

现场总线国际标准简介和铁路信号系统用现场总线的研究

文章首先介绍了现场总线的定义、现状、使用意义和国际标准的制定情况;然后简要介绍了现场总线国际标准IEC61158—2:物理层规范和服务定义;最后介绍了铁路信号消息传输现场总线的研究,提出了针对铁路信号系统的准故障安全概念。     

中国在ISO/ IEC JTC1/ SC2 的活动与中文编码的国际标准化

标准化是实现技术产业化的基础。中文信息处理技术是我国特有的、具有国际领先水平的技术。我国自 20 世纪80 年代参与ISO/ IEC J TC1/ SC2 的活动以来,在中文编码技术的国际标准化工作中取得了显著成绩。本文介绍了ISO/ IEC J TC1/ SC2 的工作领域、工作方式和组织结构;我国参与ISO/ IEC J TC1/ SC2 及其下属该组织活动的方式;国际标准ISO/ IEC 10646 的大致情况和我国在参与此国际标准研制工作中取得的成绩、当前的工作和未来工作的计划。本文论述了我国参与本文ISO/ IEC J TC1/ SC2 活动的意义,以及我国在ISO/ IEC J TC1/ SC2 活动中的作用、地位和影响。作者还提出了对未来工作的建议。     

An approach to evaluate and monitor RISAT-1 SAR from level-0 raw data

Data quality evaluation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) products is essential with respect to mission performance and reliability of the data products for users. The generation of any value-added SAR product starts with a level-0 raw data product, so it is vital firstly to analyse and monitor the raw data. In other words, any inconsistency or error occur because of data, the SAR processor requires to ‘quality evaluate’ the raw data first to ensure that the higher level of data products meets the user specifications. Many parameters can be evaluated from the raw data per se before SAR processing. Here, an independent approach is formulated to evaluate the long-term stability and performance of the SAR system from raw data. Quality parameters such as echo data statistics in terms of bias in the mean of Inphase (I) and Quadrature in phase (Q), power imbalance, phase imbalance, antenna pattern in elevation for the qualified swath, Doppler centroid estimation, and chirp phase and amplitude stability were evaluated and monitored for various scenes of an orbit and characterized in detail for different beams covering the near to far range. In the Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1), the SAR beam is formed by a number of transmit/receive modules (TRMs) (total number of active TRMs depends on the look angle), and the consolidated effect of TRMs can be observed from the raw data instead of individual TRMs, which enables examination of the overall behaviour of beams, from near to far range in different orbits, for temporal stability. In this article, for the first time, a novel approach is taken to observe and evaluate the antenna pattern for the 3 dB qualified swath from range-uncompressed raw data and to relatively monitor the different beams from level-0 raw data for the qualified swath, for both extended homogeneous and non-homogeneous targets. Furthermore, the approach is justified in that it is not necessary to perform range compression, and also one can use scenes with heterogeneous targets to estimate and monitor the beamwidth parameter of the antenna pattern. This article focuses on the results obtained from RISAT-1 level-0 raw data from various beams covered in strip-map mode. The methodology to evaluate the RISAT-1 SAR system from raw data is discussed. Analysis is carried out with respect to different beams (60 beam data of different orbits either side, covering near to far nadir swath coverage) of fine resolution strip-map-1 (FRS-1) mode in circularly transmitted and linearly received polarization, with a defined swath of 25 km with 3 m × 2 m (azimuth × range) resolution. The results of evaluation and monitoring analysis show consistency in the identified parameters observed over time for different beams, and they are within specifications.     

Performance Competitions as Research Infrastructure: Large Scale Comparative Studies of Multi-Agent Teams

Performance competitions (events that pit many different programs against each other on a standardized task) provide a way for a research community to promote research progress towards challenging goals. In this paper, we argue that for maximum research benefit, any such competition must involve comparative studies under closely controlled, varying conditions. We demonstrate the critical role of comparative studies in the context of one well-known and growing performance competition: the annual Robotic Soccer World Cup (RoboCup) Championship. Specifically, over the past three years, we have carried out annual large-scale comparative evaluations—distinct from the competition itself—of the multi-agent teams taking part in the largest RoboCup league. Our study, which involved 30 different teams of agents produced by dozens of different research groups, focused on robustness. We show that (i) multi-agent teams exhibit a clear performance-robustness tradeoff; (ii) teams tend to over-specialize, so that they cannot handle beneficial changes we make to their operating environment; and (iii) teams improve in performance more than in robustness from one year to the next, despite the emphasis by RoboCup organizers on robustness as a key challenge. These results demonstrate the potential of large-scale comparative studies for producing important results otherwise difficult to discover, and are significant both in the lessons they raise for designers of multi-agent teams, and in understanding the place of performance competitions within the multi-agent research infrastructure.     

How to get mature global virtual teams: a framework to improve team process management in distributed software teams

Managing global software development teams is not an easy task because of the additional problems and complexities that have to be taken into account. This paper defines VTManager, a methodology that provides a set of efficient practices for global virtual team management in software development projects. These practices integrate software development techniques in global environments with others such as explicit practices for global virtual team management, definition of skills and abilities needed to work in these teams, availability of collaborative work environments and shared knowledge management practices. The results obtained and the lessons learned from implementing VTManager in a pilot project to develop software tools for collaborative work in rural environments are also presented. This project was carried out by geographically distributed teams involving people from seven countries with a high level of virtualness.     

Service discovery for GRID computing using LCAN-mapped hierarchical directories

Hierarchical Directories were introduced to provide Service Address Routing (Scherson, Valencia in: Proceedings of the international symposium on parallel architectures, algorithms and networks (I-SPAN), Las Vegas, USA, 2005) embedded in a class of Hierarchical Interconnection Networks known as Least Common Ancestor Networks (LCANs). The algorithms for service discovery in SAR are shown to extend to the GRID when the LCAN is effectively mapped onto the loosely coupled Internet connected computing cluster. In SAR, nodes (programs) communicate by invoking services from the network itself. It is the network-embedded service discovery and addressing mechanism that provides the physical binding. Even though the SAR concept was conceived for tightly coupled interconnection networks, it can also be applied to an Internet GRID system by mapping the SAR network directory (considered to be LCAN-embedded) onto the loosely coupled GRID. Once the network is successfully mapped to the subjacent network, all scalability, fault-tolerance, functionality, and every other advantage of an LCAN-SAR system are automatically available in the resulting implementation. We present a novel way to perform a completely distributed and dynamic service discovery that not only performs faster lookups by avoiding well known bottlenecks in centralized systems, but has inherent fault tolerance mechanisms.     

Documentation in the ISO/IEC 27701 Standard

The author proposes a set of possible documents that an organization must develop and demonstrate during the certification of its information privacy management system to comply with the international ISO/IEC 27701 standard 2019 “Security techniques. Extension to ISO/IEC 27001 and 27002 for privacy information management. Requirements and guidelines.”

     

Managing Problems for Global Software Production – Experience and Lessons

With the increase in size and complexity of current software projects, many large companies have established global software production lines over the world to develop and deliver software products with collaborative software development processes involving multiple teams located at different sites. Supporting global software production needs an effective software-engineering environment to meet the special requirements of the collaborative software development process, diverse management methods and engineering practice. WWW technology provides powerful means to set up an enterprise-oriented software engineering environment for global software production due to its advantages in networking, global access, internationalization, and communication. Although there are many articles addressing the methods and experience in building web-based applications systems and tools, very few papers discuss the real-world problems and solutions in the development and deployment of web-based software tools to support a collaborative software development process for global software production. This paper discusses the real world issues, and reports our experience and lessons in building and deploying a web-based problem information management system (PIMS) to support global software development processes at Fujitsu. It focuses on the real issues and needs of current collaborative development process involving multiple teams, and highlights the benefits and impact of the PIMS on global software production. Moreover, it discusses our technical solutions and trade-offs in the development of PIMS, and shares our experience and lessons. Furthermore, it introduces a new data-centered conceptual process model to support diverse collaborative processes for project and problem management in global software production. Finally, the paper shares our key successes and weaknesses, and reports our experience and lessons in the deployment of the system.     

PLC国际标准编程语言探析

本文根据传统PLC编程语言的不足和局限,阐述了IEC 61131-3国际标准的5种编程语言的结构、编程以及转换,利用IEC 61131-3国际标准编程语言,可以解决PLC应用中出现的诸多问题,为全球PLC制造商和客户所接受。     

符合IEC 61499标准的分布式控制系统设计新方法

IEC61499是即将颁布的如何使用功能块进行分布式控制系统设计的国际标准，本文阐述了这一标准的基本概念，重点论述了符合IEC61499标准的分布式控制系统的设计新方法，最后给出了一个使用应用程序设计方法进行系统设计的实例。     

IEC101/104规约在生态小水电一体化LCU中的应用

随着电力系统自动化与计算机网络通讯的不断发展,远动规约也在不断变化和发展,根据国际电工委员会制定的IEC60870-5-101和IEC60870-5-104远动规约,我国已经制定了相应的配套标准DL/T634-1997和DL/T634.5104-2002。其中IEC-60870-5-104作为采用标准传输协议子集的IEC60870-5-101的网络访问。文章讨论了采用IEC60870-5-101/104的必要性,介绍了一体化LCU的通讯结构,详细叙述了规约在生态小水电一体化LCU中的通讯实施过程,说明IEC60870-5-101/104两个国际标准,是能满足各种数据类型的传输和保证通信可靠性的方案,给通信数据的处理带来极大的方便。     

基于EPA的一致性测试方法及硬件设计

EPA是我国工业自动化领域第一个拥有自主知识产权并被国际电工委员会(IEC)认可的国际标准.该测试系统是以EPA标准为基准,以高速的测试系统为平台来对实际产品中的EPA协议进行一致性测试,通过以标准的EPA模块作为模拟测试对象,测试系统在测试速度和测试可靠性上达到了EPA标准中所规定的要求.重点介绍EPA协议一致性测试中同步时间精度和确定性调度的测试方法以及EPA测试系统的硬件设计.     

Analyses of optical radiation safety standards for laser illuminated products

The high energy density of optical radiation from laser illuminated products may cause eye injury, so it is necessary to study the optical radiation safety standards for these products. The relations of related international and Chinese organizations, such as IEC/TC76, IEC/TC108, IEC/TC110, Chinese technical committee SAC/TC284, and so on, are introduced. The related standards and the relations are surveyed, especially the safety of laser products (IEC 60825) series, the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (IEC 62741) series, and audio/video, information and communication technology equipment—part 1: safety requirements (IEC 62368‐1:2018). As application examples of standards, some specific laser illuminated products, including the laser projector, the laser headlamp and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) used in the vehicle, as well as the evaluation methods for the blue light effect of the display are discussed and analyzed. On the basis of the analyses of the optical radiation safety standards, it is necessary to select or develop appropriate standards for different types of laser illuminated products.