氧化微晶纤维素交联壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能

目的 制备氧化微晶纤维素交联壳聚糖复合膜,并探索交联改性对壳聚糖复合薄膜性能的影响。方法 首先采用高碘酸钠氧化法对微晶纤维素进行氧化处理,制备氧化微晶纤维素,再通过溶液共混流延法制备不同质量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%)的氧化微晶纤维素交联壳聚糖复合薄膜。通过对复合薄膜组分、形貌、力学性能、光学性能、热稳定性及阻隔性能的表征,考察不同含量的氧化微晶纤维素对壳聚糖薄膜各性能的影响。结果 氧化微晶纤维素表面的醛基能与壳聚糖中的氨基发生交联反应,氧化微晶纤维素的加入可以改善壳聚糖薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大分别达到了43.07 MPa和19.42%;随着氧化微晶纤维素含量的增大,复合薄膜的紫外屏蔽性能增强,水蒸气透过系数增高,但热稳定性未见明显变化。结论 采用氧化微晶纤维素交联改性壳聚糖可以有效改善壳聚糖薄膜的力学性能和紫外屏蔽性能,有助于进一步扩大其包装应用范围。     

负载纳米银/石墨烯复合物的海藻酸钠水凝胶薄膜的制备及应用

海藻酸钠(SA)是一种天然高分子聚合物,而纳米银(Ag)具有良好的抗菌性,因此利用二者制备的水凝胶敷料在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先将Ag纳米颗粒负载于氧化石墨烯(GO)片表面得到Ag/石墨烯复合物(Ag-GO),然后再将其添加到SA中,通过溶胶-凝胶法获得负载Ag-GO的双层海藻酸钠水凝胶薄膜(Ag-GO/SA)。利用FTIR、XRD和SEM等技术对Ag-GO/SA的组成结构和微观形貌进行了表征,并评价了其溶胀性、抗菌性、力学、体外细胞毒性和体内伤口愈合能力等性能。结果表明Ag-GO/SA具有良好的溶胀性、力学强度和抗菌性等性能,与医用纱布相比,Ag-GO/SA可促进SD大鼠的伤口愈合,伤口愈合率高达98%,作为新型伤口敷料具有很大的应用潜力。      

绿茶提取物对聚乙烯醇/微晶纤维素薄膜性能的影响

为了研究绿茶提取物不同含量对聚乙烯醇/微晶纤维素薄膜性能的影响,通过流延法制备得到绿茶提取物不同含量的聚乙烯醇/微晶纤维素薄膜,测定分析不同含量绿茶提取物对薄膜的颜色、透明性、力学性能、疏水性能和气体阻隔性能的影响。结果表明:随着绿茶提取物含量的增加,薄膜亮度稍有变暗,颜色趋于红色、黄色;透明性显著降低;薄膜抗拉强度显著增加,断裂伸长率显著降低;薄膜的疏水性能提高,薄膜的溶胀率、持水率降低;薄膜的水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率降低。因此,绿茶提取物的加入,提高了薄膜的力学性能、疏水性和气体阻隔性,为薄膜在食品包装中的应用提供了基础。     

氧化纤维素/壳聚糖复合海绵的制备及性能研究

以壳聚糖与氧化纤维素为原料,采用冷冻干燥法制备了氧化纤维素不同用量的复合海绵。通过吸水性、水蒸汽透过率、降解性等测试研究了其性能。研究表明,与纯壳聚糖海绵相比,复合海绵机械性能得到很大改善,还具有良好的吸水性、降解性及抑菌性。在氧化纤维素用量为5%(wt,质量分数)条件下,制得的复合海绵性能相对最佳,吸水率高达1243%,孔隙率为86. 51%,水蒸汽透过率为4. 13kg/(24h·m2),拉伸强度为0. 28MPa,降解28d的降解率为22. 8%,对大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌圈宽度分别为2. 50mm、1. 50mm,是一种潜在的止血材料。     

纤维素增强壳聚糖/普鲁兰多糖包装材料的研究

目的研究纤维素增强壳聚糖/普鲁兰多糖包装材料的制备及性能改善。方法采用溶液流延的方法,在壳聚糖和普鲁兰多糖溶液中,加入不同比例的微晶纤维素用于增强复合薄膜的力学、阻氧及阻湿性能。通过电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段对复合膜进行结构表征,并对复合材料的阻隔性能、拉伸性能进行测试。结果经过微晶纤维素增强的复合薄膜的拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率得到了很好的增强,阻隔性能也得到了提高。结论微晶纤维素对于PET/壳聚糖/普鲁兰多糖复合包装薄膜具有较好的增强效果。     

纤维素纳米纤维接枝聚丙烯酸pH响应水凝胶的制备及性能

以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,将具有pH响应的聚丙烯酸(PAA)接枝到电纺纤维素(Cell)纳米纤维膜上,制备了pH响应纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸(Cell-g-PAA)纳米纤维水凝胶。研究了接枝单体丙烯酸(N)与纤维素(c)质量比对Cell-g-PAA形貌、接枝率和溶胀性的影响。结果表明:m(N)∶m(c)值从5增加到10,接枝率从11%急剧增加到28%,然后趋于平稳;而m(N)∶m(c)值从5增加到15,溶胀率从(15.2±1.6)g/g增加到(46.1±4.9)g/g,然后下降。同时,研究了pH值和离子强度对水凝胶溶胀率的影响,pH值从2.2增加到7.8时,水凝胶的溶胀率从(31.3±2.5)g/g增加到(42.7±3.2)g/g,pH值进一步增大,溶胀率降低;溶液中离子强度从0mol/L增加到0.15mol/L,水凝胶溶胀率从(36.2±2.6)g/g降低到(21.4±1.4)g/g。本研究为制备快速响应pH水凝胶提供了一种新方法。     

壳聚糖/纤维素生物质发泡复合材料多孔结构的表征

以壳聚糖微粒为增强体,离子液体为纤维素溶剂,采用冷冻干燥法成功制备了壳聚糖/纤维素生物质发泡复合材料。利用SEM、XRD和TGA表征多孔复合材料微观结构、结晶性能以及热稳定性,测试了其孔隙率和吸水性能。实验结果表明:壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料具有三维相互贯通的微孔结构,壳聚糖粉体有助于孔洞结构的形成,TGA结果显示纤维素多孔材料的热稳定性能得以提高。XRD结果显示纤维素经离子液体溶解再生后晶型结构由纤维素I转化为纤维素II。纤维素含量较低(≤4wt%)时,随1wt%壳聚糖粉体的加入,孔隙率明显提高。壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料的力学性能随纤维素含量的增加而不断提高,而吸水性能有所下降。壳聚糖与纤维素质量比为1∶3时,壳聚糖/纤维素多孔复合材料孔隙率为72.7%,吸水率和相对保湿率分别为28.0g/g和17.6g/g,断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别为0.32 MPa和25.4%,能够作为一种优良的吸附材料用于制备高性能的医用敷料。     

再生纤维素/胶原蛋白复合伤口敷料的制备及其性能评价

用高碘酸钠将再生纤维素膜(RC)部分氧化,得到具有醛基的2,3-二醛纤维素膜(DARC,醛基含量为6.11%),再通过席夫碱反应将胶原蛋白固定到DARC膜上,制备得到DARC-Col复合敷料。SEM结果显示DARC-Col复合敷料具有多孔网络结构。该材料具有良好的机械性能(拉伸强度78.09MPa,断裂伸长率9.59%),溶胀性能(182%),透湿性(703.72g/m2·d)和保水性(20%)。NIH-3T3小鼠成纤维细胞实验结果表明,该材料能有效促进细胞的生长和增殖,具有作为理想的伤口敷料应用于伤口修复治疗的巨大潜能。     

木质纳米纤维素增强聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以自制含木质素纳米纤维素纤丝(LCNFs)为增强相，聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体，通过一次冻融制备LCNFs/PVA复合水凝胶。研究LCNFs添加量对复合水凝胶微观结构及含水量、吸水溶胀率、抗压缩性能的影响，以及载药复合水凝胶的药物释放模型及抑菌效果。结果表明，复合水凝胶呈多孔网络结构；其含水量及溶胀率随LCNFs添加量的增加而降低，抗压缩性能LCNFs随添加量的增加而增加。载药水凝胶药物释放模型符合Korsmeyer-Peppas模型，药物释放率可达95%以上，且对测试细菌有良好的抑制作用，在伤口创面敷料等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

医用聚氨酯敷料研究进展

医用聚氨酯材料具有细胞毒性低、生物相容性好、力学性能优异等特性,已经成为药物、抗菌剂、抗炎剂等的良好载体。然而,传统的聚氨酯材料对石油资源的依赖程度较高,合成路线不利于绿色可持续发展。聚氨酯材料由于缺乏固有的抗菌活性和适宜的湿润性,在伤口敷料的应用中容易出现伤口感染、伤口过度润湿等问题。此外,多数研究者对伤口敷料作用效果的评估局限于小型动物模型(小鼠、兔子等),对该材料性能的研究不够深入。主要围绕医用聚氨酯材料在创面敷料方面的发展现状和问题进行了讨论与总结,并针对不同形态的聚氨酯如纳米纤维、薄膜、水凝胶、海绵及泡沫等展开了分析。提出了关于医用聚氨酯敷料的多个发展方向,包括生物质聚氨酯、多功能性聚氨酯、双层结构敷料等,期望为聚氨酯材料在医学领域中的发展提供理论依据。     

纳米纤维素晶须/明胶复合膜的制备与结构及性能

明胶作为一种生物质材料,具有良好的成膜性能、阻氧性能。然而,明胶韧性差,遇水易溶胀等缺点在很大程度上限制其应用。文中以明胶为基体,纤维素晶须(CW)作为分散相,制备纳米纤维素/明胶生物基复合膜。采用透射电镜、扫描电镜、紫外分光光度计、溶胀及力学性能测试研究复合膜的结构与性能。结果表明,当晶须加入量为15%时,复合膜的溶胀度降低为纯明胶膜的1/4,表明纤维素晶须可改善明胶膜在水中的稳定性;当纤维素晶须含量为9%左右,不仅能改善明胶基体韧性,还提高了明胶基体的强度。     

新型CO2可逆离子液体体系制备纤维素膜的结构与性能

以新型CO2可逆离子液体CO2/DBU/DMSO体系经溶解、沉积制备出纤维素膜,系统探究了沉积浴的种类、溶剂组成及溶解时间对纤维素膜结构与性能的影响。研究表明,经该体系充分溶解并水沉积得到的纤维素膜具有Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型结晶并存的结构,与原纤维素的固有结晶结构相近。所得纤维素膜具有良好的力学性能,拉伸强度达到55.9MPa,断裂伸长率为9%。因此,新型CO2可逆离子液体体系的运用,为简便易行制备性能良好的纤维素膜提供了重要的技术途径。     

Bioactive electrospun silver nanoparticles-containing polyurethane nanofibers as wound dressings

Nanofibrous membrane (NFM) intended as wound dressing was prepared by electrospinning polyurethane (PU) solution containing silver ion, followed by reduction of silver ion to silver nanoparticles. The electrospun PU membrane has high surface area-to-volume ratio, controlled evaporative water transmission rate, good fluid drainage ability, and excellent antimicrobial activity. With an aim to promote wound healing, collagen was grafted to fiber surface by low temperature oxygen plasma treatment, which could improve surface hydrophilicity and facilitate covalent binding of collagen molecules to the plasma-treated PU surface. A NFM with no bead formation was obtained with fiber diameters around 159 nm. The presence of embedded silver nanoparticles and surface-grafted collagen was confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively. After modification, the NFM's antimicrobial activity improved to approximately 100% inhibition of bacterial growth with concomitant increase of membrane water absorption ability, which facilitates its use as a functional wound dressing. From animal studies, the NFM was better than gauze and commercial collagen sponge wound dressing in wound healing rate.     

聚乳酸/茶多酚复合包装膜的制备及性能

目的 对比不同制备方法对复合包装膜性能的影响,以获取具有优良保鲜性能的食品包装膜及其制备方法.方法 以可降解生物材料聚乳酸(PLA)为基材,掺杂茶多酚(TP)活性物质,分别采用静电纺丝法和流延法制备不同质量比的PLA/TP复合包装膜,通过扫描电镜、接触角测试、溶胀性测试、水蒸气透过性测试及抗氧化性测试分析薄膜的形貌和理化性能,并对2种方法制备的复合膜的TP释放行为和草莓保鲜性能进行对比分析.结果 流延膜呈致密多孔结构,纺丝膜呈多层纳米纤维叠加结构;2种复合膜的接触角均随TP质量分数的增加而减小,当TP质量分数从0％增加至20％时,流延膜的接触角从62.70°±3.09°减小至44.08°±2.24°,呈亲水性,纺丝膜的接触角从124.39°±1.69°减小至112.90°±2.42°,呈疏水性,且流延膜的水蒸气透过量随TP质量分数增加而增大,当TP质量分数为20％时,水蒸气透过量增大至(396.93±16.36)g/(m2·d);纺丝膜的溶胀性远高于流延膜,当TP质量分数为20％时,纺丝膜的溶胀率高达347.63°±5.36°,流延膜的溶胀率仅为13.36°±0.56°;随着TP质量分数增加,流延膜和纺丝膜的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率均逐渐提高,最高分别达(89.76±1.4)％和(97.26±1.25)％;2种膜中TP的释放行为均符合先快后慢的规律,且随着TP质量分数增加而增大,不同流延膜在720 h后累积释放百分比范围为50％～85％,纺丝膜在240 h后基本释放完全,累积释放百分比为75％～95％;流延膜比纺丝膜对草莓的保鲜效果更优,分别将草莓的货架寿命延长至18 d和9 d.结论 流延法制备的复合膜具有亲水性、高水蒸气透过性、高抗氧化性能和优异缓释性能,能有效延长草莓的货架寿命至18 d;纺丝膜制备的复合膜具有疏水性、高溶胀率、优异抗氧化性能,但释放速率快,能有效延长草莓的货架寿命至9 d.     

Dissolution properties of direcet compression tablets containing an agglomerated cellulose powder

In previous studies a novel agglomerated cellulose powder was shown to own advantageous properties for direct compression. Due to the favourable particle and powder properties this material has good binding and disintegration ability in direct compression tablets. In this study the dissolution properties of direct compression tablets containing the agglomerated cellulose powder as a fillerbinder were evaluated. Especially the effect of the amount of cellulose, the porosity of tablets, the solubility of drug material and the amount and the amount and mixing method of lubricant, magnesium stearate were studied.

Tablets containing different amounts of cellulose with dicalcium phosphate as a filler and 10 wt % of water soluble sodium tolmetin as a drug were compressed at a constant pressure of 150 MPa. The breaking strength of tablets increased with increasing amounts of agglomerated cellulose powder. However, the dissolution of drug accelerated up to cellulose amount of 50 wt %. This was due to the ability of the agglomerated cellulose powder to enhance the water penetration into powder compact and the loosening of tablet structure, i.e. formation of cracks.

Tablets containing 20 wt % of cellulose material and 10 wt % of drug material were compressed to different porosities. Tablet porosity had no effect on dissolution of poorly water soluble tolfenamic acid. Also the dissolution of water soluble sodium tolmetin was only slightly affected by the porosity of tablets. This supports the suggested disintegrant mechanism of the agglomerated cellulose powder. The expansion of cellulose agglomerates, which have been deformed, under compression, is widely responsible for the disintegration of the tablets. An increase in the amount as well as in the mixing intensity of magncsium stearate decreased the dissolution of sodium tolmetin from tablets containing 20 wt % of agglomerated cellulose. However, the intrinsic wetting and dissolution phenomens were practically unchanged when the amount of magnesium stearate was below 2 wt %. Thus, the retardation of drug dissolution was acceptable at low lubricant concentrations.

The properties of tablets containing the agglomerated cellulose were compared to those containing microcrystalline cellulose. In all cases tablets containing the agglomerated cellulose powder liberated drug clearly faster and more properly than corresponding microcrystalline cellulose tablets.     

Effect of Some Excipjents and Compression Pressure on the Adhesion of Aqueous-Based Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Film Coatings to Tablet Surface

The adhesion between aqueous-based hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films and tablet surface was evaluated using a Lloyd LRX materials testing machine. Special attention was paid to the effects of compression pressure and the excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and a commercial combination of lactose and cellulose (Cellactose^R)) on the adhesion properties of the film.

The adhesion of HPMC films was the lowest for the tablets containing lactose as a diluent and the highest for the tablets containing microcrystalline cellulose. The adhesion to Cellactose^R-based tablets increased with increasing compression pressure. With microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose, the effect of compression pressure on film adhesion was not so clear. The increase in concentration of a hydrophopic lubricant, magnesium stearate, decreased the adhesion between the films and tablets cores. The greatest decrease was observed with the MCC tablets.

Furthermore the results showed that, the film coating increased clearly the mechanical strength of the tablets, depending on the excipient, the compression pressure and amount of magnesium stearate.     

海藻酸钙海绵的结构与性能

以海藻酸钠为原料,氯化钙/甘油/酒精溶液为凝固浴,采用冷冻干燥方法制备了海藻酸钙海绵,通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对其结构进行了表征,并对其物理和力学性能、孔隙率、透气率、吸液量和保液量进行评价和测定。结果表明,海藻酸钙海绵的弹性和柔韧性好,具有均匀、连通的孔隙结构,孔径大小为100μm～500μm,孔隙率为84.37%,透气率为44.75%,拉伸强度为0.21 MPa,初始模量为7.72 N/mm,对伤口渗出液的吸液量和保液量为30.48 g/g和5.13 g/g,各项性能均优于或接近海藻酸钙无纺布医用敷料。