3D打印微通道液冷板设计及实验研究

机载电子设备集成度与功率越来越高,电子元器件的冷却及可靠性面临严峻的挑战.本文介绍了3D打印微通道液冷板的换热机理、结构设计、仿真优化过程,并进行了微通道液冷板的换热性能实验测试.实验结果表明微通道液冷板具有较强的换热性能,能够满足热流密度50 W/cm2器件的散热需求,3D打印出的微通道结构完整,污染度满足设计及系统...     

电场驱动喷射微3D打印的高性能纸基电路制造工艺研究

提出了一种基于电场驱动喷射沉积微尺度3D打印制造高分辨率纸基电子的新方法。阐述了该方法的基本原理与工艺流程,通过实验揭示了主要工艺参数（电压、气压、打印速度）对三种纸质基材上打印银线的质量和精度影响及其规律。利用自主研发的电场驱动喷射微3D打印机,使用含银量75%和动力黏度35 Pa·s（25 ℃）的低温纳米银浆,并结合优化工艺窗口,在纸质基材上通过多层堆叠打印实现了高分辨率、大高宽比微纳结构,其中在RC相纸上堆积15层后,其线宽可保持在10 μm、高宽比增至6.33,电阻下降了94.8%。最后,在不同纸质基材表面制作了柔性电磁驱动器、复杂导电图案等样件来证明其打印能力。结果表明,采用电场驱动射流沉积微尺度3D打印技术新方法,并结合高黏度低温烧结纳米银浆,可为高性能纸基电子制造提供有效途径。     

集成T形分液器的微通道散热器设计与实验

微通道散热器具有热阻低、效率高、可与芯片集成加工等诸多优良特性,在电子设备散热领域具有非常广阔的应用前景,但传统微通道散热器存在通道内部流量不均匀、温度均匀性差的缺点.针对这些问题,文中设计了一种具有倒T形冷却液分配器的新型结构微通道散热器,以解决传统微通道散热器温度均匀性问题.仿真结果表明,在相同条件下,新型微通道散...     

基于Bezier曲线生成3D打印分层路径

3D打印可实现高效无模成形,而在医疗、汽车、航空航天和建筑领域得到了广泛的应用.3D打印中分层路径精度影响着填充图和成型的精度.Bezier曲线具备光滑连接特性,被广泛应用于自由曲线曲面造型中.为了提高分层路径的精度,采用三次Bezier曲线生成切面层路径.首先通过3D打印切片算法得到单一闭合曲线有序散点,然后根据切片...     

熔融沉积式3D打印切片轮廓路径优化算法

在研究3D打印切片过程中,针对当前存在打印效率低、加工时间长等问题,提出一种熔融沉积式3D打印切片轮廓路径优化算法.该算法采用一种改进的最短距离法确定各个轮廓的打印起始点,并将蚁群算法与遗传算法有效结合,形成一种改进的蚁群算法模型,最后应用到3D打印切片轮廓路径规划中,求出单层轮廓的最优打印顺序.通过与传统切片软件Cu...     

基于DLP的珠宝树脂3D打印工艺研究

DLP(数字光处理技术)是一种以面曝光的方式逐层成型的3D打印技术.在DLP的3D打印工艺过程中,当分层厚度确定时,零件的打印精度主要取决于曝光时间和成型方向.设计一个测试试样,研究了采用DLP工艺打印珠宝树脂材料过程中的单层曝光时间和零件成型方向对不同特征打印精度的影响规律.研究结果表明:对于所采用的珠宝铸造树脂曝光...     

电场驱动喷射沉积微3D打印高分辨率氮化铝陶瓷基电路

现有技术在高分辨率高密度电路的低成本批量化制造上仍然面临巨大挑战，无法满足陶瓷基电路对高频、高速、高密度集成的要求。提出了一种结合牺牲层的电场驱动喷射沉积微3D打印高分辨率氮化铝陶瓷基电路的新方法，该方法利用牺牲层克服了因陶瓷表面粗糙导致的射流不稳定问题，并借助牺牲层表面疏水特性进一步缩小线宽，实现了高分辨率电路的制造。实验研究了打印参数(电压、气压、打印高度、打印速度)、牺牲层以及烧结工艺对打印银线线宽和形貌的影响并优化了工艺参数。最后，使用含银量70%(质量分数)的导电银浆结合优化的工艺参数，在氮化铝基材表面实现了多种复杂电路图案制造，包括线宽/线距为2/3的高密度高分辨率电路图案以及目前已报道的最小线宽为8.1μm的导电银线。研究结果表明，结合牺牲层的电场驱动喷射沉积微尺度3D打印氮化铝陶瓷基电路新方法可为小型化、高功率陶瓷基集成电路低成本批量化制造提供有效途径。     

3D打印电子产品技术发展现状探析

应用3D打印技术制造产品具有快速、结构形体复杂度无限制等技术特性,非常适用于电子产品的单件、多品种小批量研制生产,以及采用传统制造方式难以实现的机电结合、结构功能一体的复杂组件的制造,3D打印技术在电子产品制造中的应用研究意义重大.文中在介绍3D打印技术及其在电子产品制造中的应用发展现状的基础上,对3D打印电子产品技术的发展特点、趋势和需求进行了分析,并以3D打印多层PCB技术为例,对其技术发展难点和解决途径进行了探讨.     

基于邻层数据匹配的工业CT图像生成G代码方法

针对目前工业CT图像转换为3D打印G代码方法效率低的问题,提出一种基于邻层数据匹配的工业CT图像直接转换成G代码的方法.首先采用Canny算子提取工业CT图像的轮廓,然后处理轮廓分叉问题,实现邻层间几何信息数据匹配,其次进行邻层间轮廓插值以满足3D打印层间厚度要求,从而避免"阶梯效应",最后通过填充编码得到用于3D打印...     

基于电场驱动喷射微3D打印的大面积微透镜阵列制造研究

大面积圆形、柱状及梯度折射率微透镜阵列在裸眼3D、光学传感、仿生学、医疗内窥镜等领域具有非常广泛的需求,然而,如何实现大面积多类型微透镜阵列的简单化、低成本、高效率制造是学术界与产业界共同面临的一项挑战性难题。基于电场驱动喷射微3D打印技术,提出了一种可实现大面积多类型微透镜阵列制备的新方法,通过实验揭示了主要工艺参数（电压、气压,打印速度）对制备的不同类型微透镜形貌与质量的影响与规律,利用提出的方法并结合优化的工艺参数,在玻璃基底上分别实现了面积为120 mm×120 mm、100 cm×45 cm的圆形与柱状微透镜阵列的制造,在柔性PET基底上实现了面积为160 mm×160 mm的圆形微透镜阵列的制造,利用电场驱动喷射微3D打印的多层打印模式实现了折射率梯度变化范围为0.1的梯度折射率微透镜阵列的制造。实验结果表明,制备的微透镜阵列具有良好的几何与光学性能,基于电场驱动喷射微3D打印大面积、多类型微透镜阵列制造方法具有效率高、成本低、批量化的显著优势,为大面积多类型微透镜阵列制造提供了一种全新的解决方案。     

壁面粗糙度效应对微流体流动特性的影响

壁面粗糙度对微流道流动特性有重要影响。分别用矩形、三角形和圆顶形粗糙元对壁面粗糙度进行模拟,详细讨论了雷诺数、粗糙元高度、粗糙元间距等因素对流速、压降及流动阻力的影响。结果表明:与光滑流道相比,粗糙度使壁面附近的流动发生明显改变,从而导致微流道内流速、压降及流阻高于经典理论预测值;微流道内流动阻力随着雷诺数及粗糙元高度的增大而增大,而随着粗糙元间距的增大,流动阻力逐渐减小。三种粗糙元相比,矩形粗糙元的影响最大,圆顶形次之,而三角形粗糙元的影响最小,可见在实际应用场合,确立合适的粗糙元形状对分析结果非常重要。     

随机粗糙微通道内部流动与传质特性

为了研究微通道壁面随机粗糙度对流体流动和传质特性的影响,采用随机排布准则构建具有典型粗糙元类型的随机粗糙微通道壁面,利用有限元方法分析壁面随机粗糙度对流速、压降、流动阻力和传质性能的影响,并给出粗糙微通道内部Poiseuille数和分子传质扩散的近似变化规律。结果表明,流体在粗糙微通道近壁面区域和主流区的流速差异较大,近壁面区域流动分离现象明显;与光滑微通道相比,粗糙微通道内部各位置的压降和Poiseuille数沿着流动方向呈近似线性增大趋势;微通道壁面粗糙度的存在可以强化流体分子的传质扩散速率,但受粗糙度类型和相对粗糙度的影响较大。     

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS （CFD） SIMULATIONS OF DRAG REDUCTION WITH PERIODIC MICRO-STRUCTURED WALL

Computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations are adopted to investigate rectangular microchannel flows with various periodic micro-structured wall by introducing velocity slip boundary condition at low Reynolds number. The purpose of the current study is to numerically find out the effects of periodic micro-structured wall on the flow resistance in rectangular microchannel with the different spacings between microridges ranging from 15 to 60 pm. The simulative results indicate that pressure drop with different spacing between microridges increases linearly with flow velocity and decreases monotonically with slip velocity; Pressure drop reduction also increases with the spacing between microridges at the same condition of slip velocity and flow velocity. The results of numerical simulation are compared with theoretical predictions and experimental results in the literatures. It is found that there is qualitative agreement between them.     

基于仿生学的微通道耦合射流系统设计与研究

随着芯片热流密度的不断增长,散热问题日益严峻.文中以叶片脉络、斐波那契数列螺旋和雪花晶体结构为基础设计了3种由中心向四周拓扑的微通道耦合射流模型.通过仿真计算,分析了这3种仿生模型和典型肋柱模型的温度分布,并分析了这4种模型在不同雷诺数下的平均努塞尔数、在不同热流密度下的芯片温升和在不同泵功率下的综合性能.结果表明:3...     

百叶窗翅片车辆散热器性能研究

通过数值模拟方法对百叶窗翅片散热器流道中流体的流动和传热性能进行研究,将数值模拟结果与文献实验关联式计算结果进行对比,验证了数值模拟方法的正确性。将百叶窗翅片散热器的翅片间距与百叶窗间距两者关联起来,分析了其比值Fp/Lp和百叶窗倾角对于百叶窗翅片流道传热和压降性能的影响。而后分析了百叶窗翅片结构参数对于百叶窗流道间流体流动效率的影响。研究表明,百叶窗翅片的传热系数和压降随着Re数的增大而增大,随着百叶窗翅片间距与百叶窗间距比值Fp/Lp的增大而减小,随着百叶窗倾角的增大而增大。流动效率随着Re数的增大而增大,随着百叶窗翅片间距与百叶窗间距比值的增大而减小,随着百叶窗倾角的增大而增大。     

液冷式CPU散热器的传热强化及流阻性能

通过在液冷式CPU散热器蛇形流道内填充不同粒径的不锈钢珠,使液冷式CPU散热器流道形成类似多孔介质的复杂流道以提高其散热性能。通过对改进前后液冷式CPU散热器的试验研究,分析了各因素对液冷式CPU散热器的传热和流阻性能的影响规律。结果表明:在本试验范围内,相同Re和Pr下,改进后散热器的对流换热系数为改进前的1.2~4.8倍,阻力系数f是改进前的1.4~4倍;散热器填充Φ4mm开孔不锈钢珠的强化传热效果最佳,芯片表面温度较填充前降低了33,°对流换热系数增大4.8倍,而流动阻力仅增加了1.4倍。     

Investigation of empirical correlations on the determination of condensation heat transfer characteristics during downward annular flow of R134a inside a vertical smooth tube using artificial intelligence algorithms

The heat transfer characteristics of R134a during downward condensation are investigated experimentally and numerically. While the convective heat transfer coefficient, two-phase multiplier and frictional pressure drop are considered to be the significant variables as output for the analysis, inputs of the computational numerical techniques include the important two-phase flow parameters such as equivalent Reynolds number, Prandtl number, Bond number, Froude number, Lockhart and Martinelli number. Genetic algorithm technique (GA), unconstrained nonlinear minimization algorithm-Nelder-Mead method (NM) and non-linear least squares error method (NLS) are applied for the optimization of these significant variables in this study. Regression analysis gave convincing correlations on the prediction of condensation heat transfer characteristics using ±30% deviation band for practical applications. The most suitable coefficients of the proposed correlations are depicted to be compatible with the large number of experimental data by means of the computational numerical methods. Validation process of the proposed correlations is accomplished by means of the comparison between the various correlations reported in the literature.     

非均匀热流下功率模块微小通道热沉传热特性研究

针对飞行器大功率电动舵机伺服系统功率模块内各器件发热损耗不同引起温度不均的问题,开展非均匀热流下微小通道热沉传热特性分析。依据功率模块三相桥电路的实际构型和工作特点,在数值计算方法和网格无关性验证基础上,利用FLUENT建立多种结构微小通道热沉的数值模型,对冷却通道在高、低热流区的典型周向传热特性及热沉总体性能进行探讨。研究发现,相同通道截面下,各通道圆周方向壁温呈非均匀分布,但不同通道的相同位置处局部传热系数较为一致;对于等流通面积的变截面冷却通道,通道数量及结构对局部传热影响突出。非均匀热流分布和通道流向、通道构型相匹配有助于改善基底均温性,渐缩通道构型和小截面多通道构型强化传热优势明显,具有较低热阻和较好均温性。     

Analysis of the flow rate characteristics of valveless piezoelectric pump with fractal-like Y-shape branching tubes

Microchannel heat sink with high heat transfer coefficients has been extensively investigated due to its wide application prospective in electronic cooling. However, this cooling system requires a separate pump to drive the fluid transfer, which is uneasy to minimize and reduces their reliability and applicability of the whole system. In order to avoid these problems, valveless piezoelectric pump with fractal-like Y-shape branching tubes is proposed. Fractal-like Y-shape branching tube used in microchannel heat sinks is exploited as no-moving-part valve of the valveless piezoelectric pump. In order to obtain flow characteristics of the pump, the relationship between tube structure and flow rate of the pump is studied. Specifically, the flow resistances of fractal-like Y-shape branching tubes and flow rate of the pump are analyzed by using fractal theory. Then, finite element software is employed to simulate the flow field of the tube, and the relationships between pressure drop and flow rate along merging and dividing flows are obtained. Finally, valveless piezoelectric pumps with fractal-like Y-shape branching tubes with different fractal dimensions of diameter distribution are fabricated, and flow rate experiment is conducted. The experimental results show that the flow rate of the pump increases with the rise of fractal dimension of the tube diameter. When fractal dimension is 3, the maximum flow rate of the valveless pump is 29.16 mL/min under 100 V peak to peak （13 Hz） power supply, which reveals the relationship between flow rate and fractal dimensions of tube diameter distribution. This paper investigates the flow characteristics of valveless piezoelectric pump with fractal-like Y-shape branching tubes, which provides certain references for valveless piezoelectric pump with fractal-like Y-shape branching tubes in application on electronic chip cooling.     

Axial slit wall effect on the flow instability and heat transfer in rotating concentric cylinders

The slit wall effect on the flow instability and heat transfer characteristics in Taylor-Couette flow was numerically studied by changing the rotating Reynolds number and applying the negative temperature gradient. The concentric cylinders with slit wall are seen in many rotating machineries. Six different models with the slit number 0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 were investigated in this study. The results show the axial slit wall enhances the Taylor vortex flow and suppresses the azimuthal variation of wavy Taylor vortex flow. When negative temperature gradient exists, the results show that the heat transfer augmentation appears from laminar Taylor vortex to turbulent Taylor flow regime. The heat transfer enhancement become stronger as increasing the Reynolds number and slit number. The larger slit number model also accelerates the flow transition regardless of the negative temperature gradient or isothermal condition.