Registration based compensation method based on adaptive subspace tracking

The registration based compensation (RBC) method is an effective method to compensate the range-dependence of the main-lobe clutter and side-lobe clutter in the same time. However, the compensation performance of the RBC degrades because of the mismatch of prior information and the loss of degree of system freedom. Moreover, the RBC is not very suited for real-time implementation because of the enormous computational complexity and memory usage of eigenvalue decomposition. In this paper, a novel clutter range-dependence compensation method using the modified maximum likelihood adaptive subspace estimation algorithm, which is named the MRBC method for short, is proposed. The eigenvectors matrix and eigenvalues matrix of the clutter covariance matrix are estimated by iterative tracking instead of temporal and spatial smoothing, spectrum calculation and eigenvalue decomposition. Compared with the traditional RBC method, the proposed method can reduce the computational complexity significantly and maintain the performance of clutter range-dependence compensation. In addition, the proposed method can also achieve good performance when the system error exists because of no use of prior information. Experimental simulations demonstrate the validity of this method.     

降维STAP中稀疏恢复的角度多普勒通道选择方法

在机载雷达信号处理中,高强度的地杂波严重影响信号检测性能,而空时自适应处理(STAP)是一种有效抑制杂波的技术。实际处理中,由于杂波的非均匀性,空时自适应处理往往面临着可用有效样本数较少的问题,同时机载雷达处理的信号维度极为庞大。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于稀疏恢复的降维STAP通道选择方法。利用少量样本通过稀疏恢复的方法估计出全维度的杂波协方差矩阵(CCM),并以此为依据评估各个通道的重要性,选择合适的通道构造出降维后的杂波协方差矩阵并进行STAP处理,解决了有效样本较少的问题,同时保证了降维算法的性能。数值仿真验证了算法有效且比典型的稀疏STAP算法效果更好,讨论了在不同样本数下,输出性能与通道数的关系,结论具有工程应用意义。     

Fast space-time adaptive processing method by using the sparse representation

One of the key problems of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is how to estimate the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) accurately with a small number of samples when the clutter environment is heterogeneous. The CCM estimation methods based on sparse representation (CCM-SR) can achieve a good estimation performance with only one or a few samples, which significantly improves the convergence rate of the STAP. By using the sparsity characteristic of the clutter spectrum, the CCM-SR method estimates the clutter spectrum and yields a good estimation of the CCM. However, there are often many pseudo-peaks in the clutter spectrum estimated by the sparse representation (SR), which will cause a CCM estimation error. By exploiting the special relationship of the clutter ridge curve between space domain and Doppler domain, we can eliminate the pseudo-peaks in the clutter spectrum effectively via fitting the curve of the clutter ridge and improve the estimation accuracy of the CCM. In addition, a byproduct of our method is the estimation of the flying parameters (the velocity of the radar platform, the crab angle and so on). Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the performance of conventional STAP based on sparse representation (STAP-SR) and obtain a good estimation of the flight parameters.     

基于分数低阶归一化匹配滤波的目标检测方法

在非高斯相关杂波背景下,基于归一化匹配滤波检测方法的性能随着非高斯特性增强而下降.为消除非高斯性的影响,提出一种基于分数低阶归一化匹配滤波的雷达目标检测方法.首先对观测数据进行分数低阶幂运算处理,然后基于杂波分数低阶统计量给出了检测模型,该模型的杂波散斑分量协方差矩阵通过对杂波分数低阶协方差矩阵进行归一化而得到.仿真结果表明,在非高斯杂波背景下该方法的检测性能优于归一化匹配滤波方法及传统MTD方法.     

DOA estimation of coexisted noncoherent and coherent signals via sparse representation of cleaned array covariance matrix

A new direction finding method is presented to deal with coexisted noncoherent and coherent signals without smoothing operation. First the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation task is herein reformulated as a sparse reconstruction problem of the cleaned array covariance matrix, which is processed to eliminate the affection of the noise. Then by using the block of matrices, the information of DOAs which we pursuit are implied in the sparse coefficient matrix. Finally, the sparse reconstruction problem is solved by the improved M-FOCUSS method, which is applied to the situation of block of matrices. This method outperforms its data domain counterpart in terms of noise suppression, and has a better performance in DOA estimation than the customary spatial smoothing technique. Simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed method.     

机载稀疏阵天线空时杂波谱的深入研究

针对机载稀疏阵列天线雷达的空时杂波谱特性进行了研究,发现不同的稀疏方法和时域脉冲数都对杂波协方差矩阵的秩以及杂波谱有影响。提出在稀疏后的阵列中如果在任意两个阵元间所含的半波长的个数小于等于时域脉冲的个数,且同时保持总的阵列孔径不变,那么无论稀疏后阵列中还剩余多少个有效阵元,杂波协方差矩阵的秩都保持不变。用数值仿真对多种稀疏方法下的阵列空时杂波谱进行了分析,数值结果与所提理论相一致。     

一种新的稀疏重构的DOA估计算法

为提高低信噪比和较少快拍数条件下远场窄带信号波达方向的估计精度,提出一种新的基于加权l₁范数的稀疏重构波达方向的估计算法．该算法首先采用前后向空间平滑技术获得阵列输出数据协方差矩阵;其次构造出改进Capon算法空间谱函数中的倒谱系数矢量,设计得到符合加权l₁范数的权值矩阵;最后通过奇异值分解对接收数据进行降维处理,获得基于稀疏重构的加权l₁ 范数约束问题模型．仿真结果表明,在低信噪比或快拍数较少的情况下,该算法能够有效地抑制空间谱伪峰和保证较强的稳健性,且信源不需要进行相关处理,仍能获得很高的估计精度．     

Novel angle Doppler compensation method

In a non-side looking airborne radar system, the clutter of different range cells is not independently and identically distributed, which is caused by the severe clutter range-dependence. The clutter range-dependence can be compensated by the angle Doppler compensation (ADC) method simply and quickly. Although the ADC is widely applied, the compensation performance of the ADC is affected by the system error significantly because of the mismatch between Doppler frequency and spatial frequency. In this paper, a novel method to compensate the clutter range-dependence, namely ADC using sparse recovery (SR-ADC), is proposed. Firstly, the clutter spectral distribution estimation of the test cell and training cells are obtained by using sparse recovery. Then, the spatial frequencies and Doppler frequencies of the clutter spectrum center are determined. Finally, transform matrixes of different training cells are designed so that the clutter of training cells could be nearly stationary with respect to that of the test cell. Compared with the traditional angle Doppler compensation method, the proposed method improves greatly the compensation performance, especially that of main-lobe clutter. In addition, this method can also achieve good performance when the system error exists.     

基于nested阵列的高分辨DOA估计

针对nested阵列对邻近信号的分辨力受信噪比和快拍数等因素限制的问题,提出了基于nested阵列的加权子空间平滑M USIC算法.该算法对协方差矩阵向量化以提高整个阵列的自由度,使用空间平滑恢复新接收数据矢量阵的秩,采用校正的噪声特征值对噪声子空间进行加权,并对信号子空间进行空间谱合成,得到新算法的空间谱函数.通过搜索空间谱函数极大值实现DOA估计.结果表明,该算法在低信噪比及小快拍数条件下,对间隔较近的信号具有高分辨力.     

Two-Dimensional Direction Finding via Sequential Sparse Representations

The problem of two-dimensional direction finding is approached by using a multi-layer L-shaped array.The proposed method is based on two sequential sparse representations,fulfilling respectively the estimation of elevation angles,and azimuth angles.For the estimation of elevation angles,the weighted sub-array smoothing technique for perfect data decorrelation is used to produce a covariance vector suitable for exact sparse representation,related only to the elevation angles.The estimates of elevation angles are then obtained by sparse restoration associated with this elevation angle dependent covariance vector.The estimates of elevation angles are further incorporated with weighted sub-array smoothing to yield a second covariance vector for precise sparse representation related to both elevation angles,and azimuth angles.The estimates of azimuth angles,automatically paired with the estimates of elevation angles,are finally obtained by sparse restoration associated with this latter elevation-azimuth angle related covariance vector.Simulation results are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

利用空间平滑的协方差秩最小化DOA估计方法

针对传统波达方向角估计算法在相干信号及非均匀噪声下估计精度差、分辨率低的问题,基于空间平滑方法,提出一种接收信号协方差矩阵秩最小化波达方向估计方法．在传统空间平滑方法的基础上,所提算法将接收信号协方差矩阵分别左右乘交换矩阵以得到空间后向平滑协方差矩阵;而后基于平滑矩阵的低秩性,将协方差矩阵重构为无噪声协方差矩阵;最后利用传统MUSIC算法实现波达方向估计．仿真结果表明,与传统MUSIC算法、基于矩阵补全理论的MUSIC算法和秩迹最小化算法相比,所提算法能较好地抑制非均匀噪声影响,且在相干条件下具有较好的波达方向估计性能．     

双基机载雷达的杂波谱补偿方法

双基机载雷达结构中杂波多普勒频率是随距离和双基结构发生变化的,使杂波谱在距离上呈现严重的非平稳性,导致杂波协方差矩阵估计困难．针对此问题提出一种基于最小二乘的空域导向矢量拟合的杂波谱补偿方法,先将训练单元上的空域导向矢量向待检单元的空域导向矢量投影得到一个变换矩阵,用这个矩阵对训练单元上的数据进行预处理,消除杂波谱的非平稳性,得到足够的统计数据,从而构造新的杂波协方差矩阵,最后利用空时自适应算法对补偿后的数据进行杂波抑制．仿真结果表明该方法能够有效地抑制地杂波的非平稳性,提高雷达杂波抑制的性能．     

Detection of the airborne MIMO radar moving target in the non-Gaussian clutter

Due to the moving platforms, the clutters in distributed airborne MIMO radar are non-Gaussian and non-homogeneous, which leads to having no independent and identically distributed training data to estimate the clutter covariance matrix. To solve the problem, we propose that the covariance of the clutter should be modeled as an inverse complex Wishart distribution whose average value is a Hadamard product of the covariance matrix taper (CMT) and the clutter Doppler spectrum component. Based on this clutter model, a novel detector combing the Bayesian approach and the generalized likelihood ratio test(GLRT) is proposed. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed detector has a better detection performance compared with two current commonly used non-Bayesian detectors.     

基于Toeplitz矩阵初值的协方差估计方法

随着雷达分辨率的提高海杂波的分布已经不符合高斯分布,传统的检测器在非高斯环境下的性能也大幅下降.通过非高斯海杂波概率密度函数的似然函数推导出一个海杂波协方差矩阵的原始构型,通过解该协方差矩阵,提出了在非高斯海杂波环境下采用初值为Toeplitz矩阵的固定点协方差矩阵估计方法(T-FP),经过实测海杂波数据下的性能仿真结...     

贝塞尔级数展开的机载前视阵雷达杂波谱补偿方法

提出了基于级数展开的杂波谱补偿方法,首先采用贝塞尔函数对每个距离环实现方位和俯仰角的分离;接着将训练单元的俯仰矢量向待检单元进行投影,得到一个变换矩阵.再使用变换矩阵对给定的多普勒门的数据进行处理,减轻杂波谱对距离的依赖性;最后,从变换后的数据中估计杂波协方差矩阵,再利用空时自适应算法对补偿后的数据进行杂波抑制.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效改善杂波的非平稳性,提高了系统抑制杂波的性能.     

严重拖尾杂波中距离扩展目标的自适应极化检测

为了解决统计特性未知的严重拖尾杂波背景下距离扩展目标的信号检测问题,提出了一种基于广义似然比检验(GLRT)的自适应极化检测器．该检测器利用了雷达回波的极化信息,并使用辅助数据估计杂波的协方差矩阵．推导了其虚警概率表达式,理论分析验证了该检测器对于杂波能量和杂波协方差矩阵具有恒虚警特性．仿真结果表明,该自适应极化检测器在较低信杂比下就可以获得好的检测性能,且相比于点目标自适应极化检测器和单极化自适应检测器,具有更优的检测性能．     

DOA estimation method based on the covariance matrix sparse representation

The performance of the L₁-norm-based sparse representation of array covariance vectors(L₁-SRACV) algorithm significantly degrades with the number of samples decreasing. This paper analyzes the essential cause of this performance degradation and proposes a new direction of arrival(DOA) estimation method based on the fast maximum likelihood(FML) algorithm. Firstly, the FML algorithm is employed to estimate the covariance matrix, which attenuates the instability of the small eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. Then the sparse representation model based on the FML is formulated for DOA estimation and finally, optimized by removing the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix to obtain better performance. Simulation results indicate that our method outperforms the L₁-SRACV with a higher accuracy and detection possibility, particularly under small samples support.     

New method for estimating 2-D DOA in the coherent source environment based on data matrix reconstruction

The performance of classical two dimensional (2-D) Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms degrade substantially in the presence of coherent environment. A new DOA matrix method——DOA matrix method based on data matrix reconstruction (DMR-DOAM) is proposed for 2-D DOA estimation in the coherent source environment. The proposed algorithm reconstructs two Toeplitz equivalent covariance matrices by using cross-correlation information among receiving data from arrays. Decorrelation and 2-D DOA estimation can be realized via the eigen-decomposition of the new DOA matrix. The algorithm can retain the advantages of the traditional DOA matrix method, such as automatical parameter alignment and no need of 2-D search spectrum peak. The equivalent covariance matrices only use the middle column of classical covariance matrices, so the calculation amount is reduced, and the algorithm can be realized easily. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the estimation performance and influencing factors of the proposed algorithm. Theoretical analyses and simulation results both show that the proposed algorithm is effective.     

基于特征值矩阵的循环平稳检测算法

分析循环平稳检测算法,发现循环自相关函数向量在循环统计量计算过程中,信号之间的相关信息未得到充分利用,信息有一定的损失.提出基于特征值矩阵的统计量计算方法,用自相向量的协方差矩阵的特征值矩阵替代协方差矩阵.该方法使循环自相关函数中的信息得到充分利用,计算复杂度降低.仿真结果表明,该算法的检测性能在较低信噪比下优于经典的循环平稳检测算法的检测性能.     

一种采用协方差矩阵稀疏表示的DOA估计方法

提出一种新的基于样本协方差矩阵稀疏表示的联合波达方向估计方法.该方法对传统的基于协方差矩阵稀疏表示的模型进行改进,仅利用协方差矩阵的部分信息来进行波达方向估计,无须已知噪声功率,以极小的孔径损失换取算法的稳健性.虽然是基于样本统计信息(即协方差矩阵)的波达方向估计方法,但是其原理与传统的角度高分辨估计方法(MUSIC,CAPON)不同,该算法对具有任意相关性的信号源能进行有效的波达方向估计,不需要进行去相关处理,且具有很高的分辨力及估计精度.