基于比特查询的多进制树标签防碰撞识别协议

多标签碰撞问题被认为是射频识别系统中的一个关键问题.近来,许多基于比特追踪技术的查询树算法被提出用于有效的解决标签碰撞问题,然而由于无用的碰撞比特信息和空闲时隙的存在,这些查询树算法的性能都有待进一步提升.本文提出了一种基于比特查询的查询方法,该算法使得标签返回一个映射过比特串来取代原始的ID序列.同传统的ID查询相比较,比特查询不仅可以消除空闲查询还可以将碰撞标签分成更多子集并充分利用碰撞比特信息.基于该比特查询方法,我们提出了一种基于比特查询的多进制树（Bit query based M-ary tree,BQBMT）新型查询树算法,它通过多进制树迭代的分离碰撞,并通过比特查询模式和ID查询模式之间的最佳切换来快速识别标签.理论分析和仿真结果显示,BQBMT算法的的系统效率接近0.89,超过了现有的QT算法和混合防碰撞算法.     

自调整混合树RFID多标签防碰撞算法

在RFID系统中,阅读器读取标签的效率与解决标签发生碰撞的方法密切相关.目前采用多叉树查询是一种较好的多标签防碰撞方法.它能减少碰撞时隙,再通过额外的查询来减少空闲时隙.但额外的查询也增加了新的开销.本文提出了一个自调整混合树RFID多标签防碰撞算法,该算法根据最高两个碰撞位的特征,在不增加额外查询的条件下,自调整搜索树的叉数,从而避免了一些碰撞时隙和空闲时隙.通过对算法的性能分析和仿真结果可以看到,自调整混合树RFID多标签防碰撞算法具有较少的时间复杂度和通信复杂度,识别效率也明显高于其他多叉树算法.     

基于分组机制的位仲裁查询树防碰撞算法

提出了一种基于分组机制的位仲裁查询树(GBAQT, bit arbitration query tree based on grouping mechanism)算法。该算法根据标签ID自身特征分组,采用3位仲裁位来取代传统1位仲裁识别标签的方式,通过碰撞位信息得到传输数据,从而能避免一些空闲时隙。算法的性能分析和仿真结果表明,GBAQT防碰撞算法具有较少的总时隙数,系统效率和时隙利用率也明显优于其他算法。     

基于空闲时隙消除的超高频RFID防碰撞算法

标签防碰撞是射频识别系统中的一项重要研究课题.为了进一步提高射频识别系统的性能和降低复杂度,提出了一种基于空闲时隙消除的二进制分裂算法.该算法在二进制分裂算法中引入了单比特状态标识位,在识别过程中,标签在ID数据传输之前先发送单比特随机信号,用于判定时隙是否碰撞,从而避免了冗余的信息传输.由于该算法彻底消除了传统二进制随机数分裂方法中的空闲时隙,因此节省了识别过程中的协调时间开销.最后通过理论分析和仿真结果证明：ISE-BS算法的吞吐率稳定在40.65%左右,时间效率稳定在32.46%左右,ISE-BS算法相比于现有的防碰撞算法性能更优.从实现的角度,比较了各个算法的浮点运算成本,结果显示提出的算法可以极大的降低系统复杂度.     

基于二进制树分解的动态防碰撞算法

针对现有的无线射频识别系统（RFID）二进制树防碰撞算法所需的搜索时隙较多,系统识别速率较低,提出了一种基于二进制树分解的动态防碰撞算法。该算法利用标签EPC的唯一性,对发生碰撞的比特位进行深度分解,根据碰撞位调整搜索状态,从而进一步减少搜索时隙数并提高了系统的呑吐量。通过对算法的分析和仿真结果表明：基于二进制树分解的动态防碰撞算法相对于动态二进制搜索算法有明显的优势。     

一种基于碰撞位指示的射频识别标签防碰撞算法

多标签碰撞是射频识别(RFID)技术在推广应用中必须克服的一个问题。针对目前RFID标签防碰撞算法存在识别效率低的不足,该文提出一种基于碰撞位指示的RFID标签防碰撞的碰撞位指示算法(CBIA)。通过跟踪待识别标签的碰撞位,采用碰撞位编解码技术,对待识别标签进行重复分组,直到所有标签都被正确识别。算法通过确定性分组,避免了空闲时隙的产生。仿真结果表明,采用CBIA算法的多标签识别系统,吞吐率可以达到每时隙0.7个标签,CBIA算法识别效率优于优化查询跟踪树算法(OQTT)和碰撞跟踪树算法(CTTA)算法。     

改进型自适应多叉树防碰撞算法研究

 文章在自适应多叉树防碰撞算法的基础上,通过优化阅读器所发送前缀的方法,提出了一种改进型自适应多叉树(IAMS)防碰撞算法.该算法通过计算碰撞因子来动态地选择搜索树的叉数,并对四叉树的查询前缀进行优化,从而避免了大量的空闲时隙.文章通过数学分析,准确地描述了IAMS算法识别标签所需的时隙数.仿真结果表明,改进型自适应多叉树防碰撞算法具有更快的识别速度和更高的系统吞吐率.     

RFID系统防碰撞算法的研究及其改进

射频识别技术中,防碰撞问题是提高系统读取效率的关键问题。文章在传统防碰撞算法的基础上,提出一种优化的基于动态帧时隙ALOHA的防碰撞（Improved dynamic framed slotted ALOHA,IDFSA）算法。实验结果表明：IDFSA算法大幅度地提高了系统的时隙利用率和读取效率。     

基于信息位编码的自适应搜索RFID防碰撞算法研究

无线射频识别（RFID）技术可实现对目标物体的自动识别.为了减少对物体标签识别时间,提出一种基于信息位编码的自适应搜索的防碰撞（AS）算法.读写器充分利用碰撞位信息,要求标签返回碰撞位编码信息,进而自适应地生成有效查询前缀,对标签进行无空闲时隙识别,以减少查询次数,提高算法的性能.此外,AS算法也解决了读写器与标签通信中传输信息冗余等问题.本文通过理论分析证明了该算法的有效性,其中吞吐率的理论值与实验值的误差不超过5%,还从时间复杂度和通信复杂度对该算法进行了详细地分析.仿真结果表明：AS算法不仅提高了系统的性能,而且还降低了标签能量的消耗.特别是当标签数为1000时,该算法的吞吐率仍保持在61%左右,比查询树算法和自适应多叉树算法的系统效率分别提高了72%和20.1%左右.     

按需时隙分配RFID防碰撞协议研究

为进一步提高射频识别阅读器的标签识别效率,提出一种按需时隙分配高效防碰撞协议.该协议将识别循环分为预约帧时隙阶段和在帧时隙内读取标签两个阶段,通过帧前预约机制消除读取阶段的空闲时隙,采用预约冲突捕获机制有效地减少了读取阶段的碰撞时隙数.在此基础上,通过选择最优预约时隙随机码位数和最优预约时隙数,实现了该防碰撞协议的识别效率最优化,分析了该协议标签电路复杂性,并给出了适用于本协议的标签数估计方法.性能评估表明:该防碰撞协议的平均识别效率达到91.28%,在通信复杂性和识别速度方面明显优于现有典型防碰撞协议.     

改进型动态时隙冲突跟踪树标签防碰撞算法

射频识别RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)系统内的读卡器在识别大数量标签时常因信号的碰撞而导致系统识别效率降低.动态时隙冲突跟踪树算法DSCTTA(Dynamic Slots Collision Tracking Tree Algorithm)采用动态时隙应答机制可减少前缀开销和迭代开销,但会产生大量空闲时隙.本文将DSCTTA和比特转换方式(BCM)相结合,得到改进型动态时隙冲突跟踪树标签防碰撞算法(IDSCTTA)以防止标签冲突,加快标签识别速度.理论分析及仿真结果表明,IDSCTTA不仅具有DSCTTA的全部优点,而且能够有效地减小识别时延和提高时隙效率,并且标签数目越大,算法性能越优越.     

Gen2‐Based Tag Anti‐collision Algorithms Using Chebyshev's Inequality and Adjustable Frame Size

Arbitration of tag collision is a significant issue for fast tag identification in RFID systems. A good tag anti‐collision algorithm can reduce collisions and increase the efficiency of tag identification. EPCglobal Generation‐2 (Gen2) for passive RFID systems uses probabilistic slotted ALOHA with a Q algorithm, which is a kind of dynamic framed slotted ALOHA (DFSA), as the tag anti‐collision algorithm. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the Q algorithm used in Gen2, and analyze the methods for estimating the number of slots and tags for DFSA. To increase the efficiency of tag identification, we propose new tag anti‐collision algorithms, namely, Chebyshev's inequality, fixed adjustable framed Q, adaptive adjustable framed Q, and hybrid Q. The simulation results show that all the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional Q algorithm used in Gen2. Of all the proposed algorithms, AAFQ provides the best performance in terms of identification time and collision ratio and maximizes throughput and system efficiency. However, there is a tradeoff of complexity and performance between the CHI and AAFQ algorithms.     

A new anti‐collision protocol based on information of collided tags in RFID systems

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has recently become an integral part of a wide range of applications. One of the challenges in RFID systems is the tag anti‐collision issue, for which several anti‐collision tag identification protocols have been proposed. This paper proposes a novel slotted ALOHA‐based RFID tag anti‐collision algorithm which can be employed for tag identification. The main idea of this algorithm is to use the information available in collision slots, called collided data, to identify tags uniquely. For this purpose, the collision slots that include only two tags are selected. Then, the non‐conflict bits in these slots are used to possibly identifying the tags. Because in the proposed algorithm readers use both single slots and also the collision slots for tag identification, the performance is increased significantly compared with other protocols. Results of the study indicate that in the proposed algorithm, the optimal frame size for an individual tag number is equal to the half of tags number and the efficiency of the proposed protocol is improved to about 73%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进型RFID自适应标签识别算法

基于碰撞识别算法系列,提出改进型自适应标签识别算法(Improved Adaptive Collision Tree Algorithm,IACT).算法通过优化查询前缀,消除了自适应碰撞标签识别算法在四叉树搜索产生的空时隙查询,从而减少了算法的时间复杂度,提高识别效率.通过理论推导和计算机仿真可知,该算法比自适应标签识别算法(Adaptive Collision Tree Algorithm,ACT)有着明显的优化.     

Multi-branch query tree protocol for solving RFID tag collision problem

The technology of anti-collision is a key point in radio frequency identification （RFID） system. To avoid data collision, there are two approaches： ALOHA based algorithm and binary tree （BT） based algorithm. However, these cannot solve the collision problem completely, especially when the tag quantity is big and the tag ID is long. In this article, we present a multi-branch query tree （MBQT） protocol based on balanced incomplete block design （BIBD） code, and use 16-bit vectors derived from the BIBD as query prefix symbols of RFID reader. Compared with the conventional anti-collision algorithm, the theoretic analysis and simulation show that the proposed protocol improves the identification efficiency.     

A fast tag identification anti‐collision algorithm for RFID systems

In this work, we propose a highly efficient binary tree‐based anti‐collision algorithm for radio frequency identification (RFID) tag identification. The proposed binary splitting modified dynamic tree (BS‐MDT) algorithm employs a binary splitting tree to achieve accurate tag estimation and a modified dynamic tree algorithm for rapid tag identification. We mathematically evaluate the performance of the BS‐MDT algorithm in terms of the system efficiency and the time system efficiency based on the ISO/IEC 18000‐6 Type B standard. The derived mathematical model is validated using computer simulations. Numerical results show that the proposed BS‐MDT algorithm can provide the system efficiency of 46% and time system efficiency of 74%, outperforming all other well‐performed algorithms.     

A Collision Arbitration Protocol Based on Specific Selection Function

Fast and eff ective identifications of a large number of items are required in many Radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications. Simultaneous responses from multiple tags are corrupted by collisions and thus re-sult in low identification efficiency. To address the prob-lem of low identification eifficiency, many existing tag anti-collision algorithms try to schedule the identification pro-cess to avoid collisions. A novel anti-collision scheme based on specific selection function is presented, in which tags pick a slot according to a selection function instead of be-ing randomly assigned to slots within a frame. If collision occurs, the reader sends the custom command SETBM ac-cording to the collision information. When probed by the SETBM, the tags apply the selection function to its partial ID and send the mapped result to the reader. According to the mapped result, the reader assigns the time slot to the tags. All tags collided in the same slot will be identified by the tree traversal scheme. Compared to the most of exist-ing anti-collision algorithms, simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve better performance in terms of identification efficiency, time efficiency, and en-ergy consumption.