共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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棉籽油间歇式酯交换反应动力学的研究 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
生物柴油(棉籽油甲酯)可以由棉籽油与甲醇在催化剂KOH存在下通过酯交换反应制得。故对棉籽油间歇式酯交换反应动力学进行了研究,并考察了反应温度和催化剂浓度对产物棉籽油甲酯浓度的影响。用液相色谱法分析棉籽油的组成;用气相色谱法分析产物中棉籽油甲酯的含量。由实验数据绘制的动力学曲线得到酯交换反应在开始阶段为准二级反应,以后紧接转为一级反应和零级反应,与文献报导的棕榈油酯交换反应动力学结果一致。由实验数据求出酯交换反应在开始阶段的动力学参数,35℃、45℃时的反应速率常数分别为0.9179Lmol-1min-1和1.049Lmol-1min-1,酯交换反应的活化能为10.88kJmol-1。根据实验结果得到棉籽油酯交换反应的最佳反应温度为45℃,最佳催化剂为1.1%KOH。 相似文献
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酯交换反应制备生物柴油催化剂的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物柴油是一种环境友好型的可再生资源,本文介绍了生物柴油的制备技术,并综述了采用酯交换反应制备生物柴油所使用的催化剂的研究进展,简述了各种催化剂的优缺点。 相似文献
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在碳达峰、碳中和的目标背景下,生物柴油被认为是替代化石燃料最有前途的新型能源之一。作为新型的加热方式,微波强化技术克服了传统加热方式下受热不均等缺点,在与不同催化体系偶联的过程中显著促进了酯交换反应的效率,较大幅度地提高了生物柴油的产率。本文归纳了微波技术强化酯交换反应制备生物柴油的优势,介绍了微波强化技术偶联均相催化、非均相催化、离子液体催化以及酶催化技术在生物柴油制备领域的研究进展,阐述了微波强化技术偶联各催化体系的利弊。从催化效率和环保等方面考虑,微波强化偶联非均相催化和酶催化具有更优的研究前景。最后,就该领域的研究方向提出几点展望与建议。 相似文献
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Hanif A. Choudhury Pulkit Srivastava Vijayanand S. Moholkar 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2014,60(5):1572-1581
A novel single‐step process with chlorosulfonic acid catalyst for ultrasonic biodiesel synthesis using feedstock with high free fatty acid content is investigated.Jatropha curcas oil has been used as the model feedstock with methanol as alcohol. The distinct merit of chlorosulfonic acid is that it catalyzes both esterification and transesterification reactions. Moreover, chlorosulfonic acid also counteracts inhibition caused by water formed during esterification, which is the cause for very slow kinetics of acid catalyzed transesterification. In addition, sonication of the reaction mixture also causes strong micromixing and emulsification that enhances the transesterification kinetics. Statistical optimization of the process shows 93% yield for 8.5 wt % catalyst, 20:1 alcohol to oil molar ratio and temperature of 333 K. Peculiar feature of this process is that high yield is seen at moderate temperature and molar ratio, which are much smaller than that for conventional sulfuric acid catalyzed processes. The activation energy for the process (57 kJ/mol) is at least 3× lower than the energy for sulfuric acid catalyzed transesterification. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that the net Gibbs energy change for the single‐step process is almost same as that for sulfuric acid catalyzed process. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1572–1581, 2014 相似文献
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以潲水油(WCO)为原料,探讨了酯化-酯交换两步法制备生物柴油的反应动力学。以活性炭负载硫酸铁[Fe2(SO4)3/AC]为负载型催化剂,通过测定不同反应温度、不同甲醇/脂肪酸(FFA)摩尔比条件下WCO中游离脂肪酸的转化率,以此确定酯化反应的动力学控制步骤及动力学方程中的待定参数,从而建立了在实验温度范围内酯化反应的动力学方程,并根据碱催化酯交换反应机理,在简化的动力学模型基础上,推导出了WCO中甘油三酯(TG)与甲醇发生酯交换反应的宏观动力学方程。结果表明,酯化反应和酯交换反应的动力学方程在实验条件范围内都能较好地描述各自的反应过程。 相似文献
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The kinetics of simultaneous transesterification and esterification with a carbon-based solid acid catalyst was studied.Two solid acid catalysts were prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized vegetable oil asphalt and petroleum asphalt.These catalysts were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis,acidity site concentration,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area and pore size.The kinetic parameters with the two catalysts were determined,and the reaction system can be described as a pseudo homogeneous catalyzed reaction.All the forward and reverse reactions follow second order kinetics.The calculated concentration values from the kinetic equations are in good agreement with experimental values. 相似文献
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生物柴油生产中酯交换反应的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
酯交换反应是酯交换法生产生物柴油的关键步骤,综述了酸、碱、酶等催化条件下和超临界条件下酯交换反应制备生物柴油的研究进展,重点介绍了一些有工业前景的过程。 相似文献
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采用等体积浸渍法制备了纳米K2CO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并研究了该催化剂的制备条件对酯交换反应的影响。用TEM表征催化剂颗粒的大小,用TG-DSC表征催化剂的热性能。结果显示:催化剂粒径分布在30-50nm之间;催化剂的最佳制备条件是K2CO3负载率(K2CO3占γ-Al2O3质量分数)50%,焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间4h。利用此催化剂,当醇油物质的量之比为12:1、催化剂用量为油质量的3%、反应时间3h 、反应温度70℃时,生物柴油的得率达到97.90%。生物柴油质量指标符合国家标准。 相似文献