共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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采用布拉班德黏度仪、差示扫描量热仪等测定芒果皮粉的添加对玉米淀粉和大米淀粉黏度、热特性、透光率、沉降率、凝胶硬度与色泽的影响。结果表明,随芒果皮粉添加量(0%~15%)的增加,2种淀粉的起糊温度逐渐降低,玉米淀粉糊峰值黏度在添加15%芒果皮粉时显著升高,崩解值增大;大米淀粉糊峰值黏度呈降低趋势,崩解值先降低后升高,2种淀粉回生值都显著降低。芒果皮粉的添加显著降低了2种淀粉的糊化和老化焓值及贮藏中透光率与沉降率的下降程度,减小玉米淀粉凝胶的硬度,降低了2种淀粉凝胶色泽的变化程度。说明芒果皮粉的添加影响淀粉的糊化特性,且影响趋势随淀粉品种不同而异,但能有效抑制2种淀粉的老化。 相似文献
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以荔浦芋为原料制备芋头淀粉,将不同水分含量(10% ~ 30%)的芋头淀粉在110℃条件下湿热处理2 h,研究湿热处理 (HMT) 后芋头淀粉糊化特性和体外消化性能的变化。结果表明,HMT对芋头淀粉颗粒形貌影响不显著,但颗粒之间发生聚集现象,且随HMT水分含量的升高聚集体积增大,粒度也随之增加。随着水分含量增加,HMT使芋头淀粉的溶胀力和溶解度降低,糊化温度升高,糊化焓值降低,淀粉糊黏度降低,但淀粉糊稳定性增加。HMT也改变了淀粉的体外消化性能,增加了慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量。说明HMT可用于扩展芋头淀粉的应用范围,如制造需要在高温下加工的产品或制备低GI值食物。 相似文献
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追氮对夏玉米淀粉含量及其糊化特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以郑单958为材料,研究玉米随追氮量增加玉米籽粒淀粉含量、淀粉相关酶活性及其淀粉糊化特性的影响,研究结果表明玉米籽粒淀粉及直链淀粉含量随追氮量的增加先升高后略有下降;腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPG-PPase)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDPG-PPase)及束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)的活性随追氮量的增加先升高后降低。可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)的活性随追氮量的增加先降低后升高;随追氮量的增加淀粉的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度及崩解值先升高后降低,峰值时间以及糊化温度先降低后升高。 相似文献
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超高压处理对玉米淀粉结构及糊化特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用光学显微、X-射线衍射、差示扫描量热、快速黏度分析技术研究了超高压处理对玉米淀粉结构及糊化性质的影响。结果显示,超高压处理能使玉米淀粉糊化,处理压力为500 MPa及600 MPa时完全糊化所需保压时间分别为15 min和5 min,但400 MPa超高压处理30 min也不会使淀粉糊化。超高压糊化过程中,淀粉颗粒结构逐渐破坏膨胀,结晶结构由A型向V型转化,RVA黏度曲线峰值黏度逐渐消失。适宜条件的超高压处理对淀粉颗粒同时具有韧化和晶体破坏作用。其中,400 MPa超高压处理5~10 min时,淀粉颗粒内部韧化作用占优,因而表现为相对结晶度、糊化温度(T_o,T_p)及糊化焓增加,而RVA曲线峰值黏度降低。 相似文献
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高压对玉米淀粉糊化特性的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
本文采用DSC法研究了玉米淀粉经400MPa以下的高压处理后,其糊化特性的变化。处理压力越高,保压时间越长,则糊化温度降低越大。400MPa处理30min,糊化温度降低2.37℃,糊化焓则在300MPa,30min的出现最低点。 相似文献
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研究瓜尔豆胶对马铃薯淀粉消化性和糊化特性的影响,采用体外模拟消化性实验测定淀粉的消化性,比较与不同质量比(0:100、1:80、1:40、1:20)的瓜尔豆胶与马铃薯淀粉间糊化特性、热力学特性、结晶结构及微观结构的差异,从而探索瓜尔豆胶对马铃薯淀粉消化性影响的本质原理。研究结果显示:当瓜尔豆胶添加量较低时复配体系经糊化后冷却至37 ℃的体系较易被酶解,抗性淀粉含量低;随着瓜尔豆胶添加量的增大,瓜尔豆胶与淀粉颗粒缠结形成空间位阻从而抑制酶解,复配体系经糊化后冷却至37 ℃的体系不易被酶解,抗性淀粉含量较高。添加瓜尔豆胶增大了马铃薯淀粉的起始糊化温度和峰值温度,提升了马铃薯淀粉的吸热焓,延长糊化过程,增加吸热量。观察复配体系的结晶结构发现加入胶体后复配体系并没有新基团产生,胶体与淀粉间仅为物理作用,同时微观结构观察表明胶体与淀粉作用所形成空间位阻使得淀粉颗粒分布均匀,复配体系呈现出更加均一稳定的结构。 相似文献
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麦芽糖单酯的结构和浓度对淀粉糊化和老化特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以商品糖酯P1570为对照,运用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)探讨麦芽糖单酯结构和浓度对淀粉糊化和老化性能的影响.结果表明,淀粉悬浮液中添加麦芽糖单酯后,淀粉悬浮液的糊化温度显著升高(P<0.05),峰值黏度时间延长,即麦芽糖单酯可提高淀粉糊的热稳定性.麦芽糖单酯浓度为0.09%(w/w)时,麦芽糖单酯一淀粉复合物的稳定性最高,长链脂肪酸麦芽糖单酯可更有效地延缓淀粉糊的老化. 相似文献
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The availability of digestible energy from consumed starch depends on whether the starch is in an amorphous/digestible or ordered/less digestible form. The capacity of man to digest starch has been an evolutionary process where early hunter gatherers would have eaten crops with relatively low amounts of starch that is also not cooked. This requires a lot of digestive effort to extract calories and hence the efficiency in the body of the starch digestive process. Modern man, however, cooks (and has done for centuries) starchy crops. This, combined with the high starch contents of foods that are also readily available, has led to excess calories in the diet (from other nutrient sources too) and associated disease states. This article is designed to set the gelatinization of starch in the context of health and how starch processing needs to be regulated to control excess calories in the diet – many from starch. Key messages to gain from this review are that i) starch is a potential source of energy and depending on how and when it is processed and consumed it will impact on energy and health plus that ii) overall management of calories – including from digestible starch – is critical for optimal health. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Starch granule microstructure affects the digestion of starch and its nutritional impact; however, the exact relationship between both factors is not clear. This study reports quantitative relationships between granule size (length and polygonal area), degree of gelatinization ( DG ), in vitro digestibility (by enzymatic methods), and glycemic response of potato starch granules gelatinized to various extents by heating at several constant temperatures in the range of 55 to 65 °C. DG measured by differential scanning calorimetry was closely related with heating temperature ( R 2 = 0.997), size parameters of granules (measured by image analysis), in vitro digestion, and in vivo glycemic response ( R 2 of adjusted models > 0.9); shape parameters of granules (measured by image analysis) were not related with DG . Results demonstrate that DG of starch strongly affects its digestibility in vitro , and may influence the postpandrial glycemic response. Future studies should be performed to investigate the effect of potato starch gelatinization on the nutritional impact at other temperatures and in more complex matrices. 相似文献
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