基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的CO检测仪设计

为了能够实时检测出矿井下一氧化碳(CO)浓度,减少煤矿中毒事件,设计了采用可调谐半导体激光器的CO检测仪。采用波长调制光谱(WMS)与可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)相结合的气体检测技术,将检测信号从低频区域搬到高频区域,然后采用相关技术完成谐波信号的提取,从而检测出CO浓度。实验结果表明,检测下限达到12ppm,能够检测矿井下CO浓度。     

基于EMD的中红外TDLAS检测低浓度NO优化方法研究

为了实现低浓度NO的高灵敏检测,选用中心波长位于5.18μm的量子级联激光器(QCL)和光程为25 cm的单光程气体池,设计并搭建了NO的可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)检测系统.为降低系统噪声的影响,以提高NO的检测灵敏度,并降低检测下限,研究了对波长调制光谱(WMS)的二次谐波(2 f)信号进行滤波降噪的经验...     

纳秒级红外量子级联激光器驱动电源的设计

为了使量子级联激光器(QCL)应用于中红外气体检测,设计了一种纳秒级脉冲型的QCL驱动电源。本系统基于压控恒流源的原理,以S3C2410A芯片为主处理器,实现周期、占空比、幅值均可调的驱动电流。硬件电路主要包括控制电路、脉冲调节电路和恒流源电路。同时具备延时软启动电路、过流保护电路、过压保护电路、静电防护电路等,以确保激光器的长期稳定工作。利用该驱动电源对中心波长为7.71μm的QCL进行驱动实验。结果表明,脉冲上升时间小于8ns,脉冲下降时间小于12ns,最大电流幅值3.3A,为QCL在红外气体检测应用中提供保证。     

基于GaInAs/AlInAs中红外量子级联激光器的自洽电子子带能级结构研究

中红外(Mid-infrared, MIR)量子级联激光器(Quantum Cascade Laser, QCL）已被广泛应用于定向红外对抗、自由空间光通信、痕量气体传感等重要领域。利用Nextnano++软件进一步完善了自洽计算基于MIR QCL器件的薛定谔方程和泊松方程的理论方法。针对InP衬底上生长的GaInAs/AlInAs多量子阱MIR QCL器件,研究了四能级双声子共振QCL结构中有源区的电子子带能级结构,并对这些子带能级随器件工作温度、驱动电场、注入区掺杂浓度等变化的规律进行了系统研究,获得了与实验结果一致的理论结果。此工作为MIR QCL器件的生长和制备提供了理论设计和研究方法,为了解器件工作条件提供了理论预期,也为进一步提高MIR QCL的发光功率和效率提供了理论研究支撑。     

基于光纤激光器的机动车尾气CO排放浓度检测方法

传统方法检测CO浓度时,对CO分子激发态限值的判断不够精确,导致浓度检测存在一定误差。为此,提出基于光纤激光器的机动车尾气CO排放浓度检测方法。入射具有一定波长的光束,使CO分子对光子进行选择性吸收,得到CO红外吸收光谱,选取一条具有CO光谱特征的谱线,利用光纤激光器进行光谱检测,计算CO谱线特征参数,划分红外光谱,计算红外光谱产生热能,并将热能转换为声波,检测声波信号,通过声传播波动方程计算CO浓度。此次提出方法与三种传统方法进行对比实验,利用可调谐光纤激光器,获取CO吸收峰位置,分别对该位置的CO浓度进行检测,结果表明,当配制浓度和实验温度不同时,此次方法检测误差都要小于传统方法,提高了CO排放浓度检测灵敏度。     

长波红外激光成像雷达技术的研究进展

文中论述了长波红外激光成像雷达国内外最新研究进展。以CO2激光成像雷达为典型代表,分析了长波红外激光成像雷达（与短波红外和中波红外相比）所拥有的技术优势。其中CO2长波红外激光成像雷达已步入技术成熟阶段,现现高帧频、小型化、多用途波导CO2激光成像雷达方向发展。随着近年来最子级联半导体激光器（QCL）迅猛发展,全固化QCL激光成像雷达,将是未来长波经外激光成像雷达技术研究的热点之一。     

脉冲式DFB中红外量子级联激光器的气体检测系统

采用了脉冲式中红外分布反馈(DFB)量子级联激光器(QCL),其可调工作波长范围为1 248～1257 cm-1.在2.6 cm-1的可调光谱范围内,通过每个温度下的硫化氢光谱来描述QCL系统的温度调谐特性.利用所采集的标准具信号来校准频率,解析信号特性可得出系统的分辨率.采用直接光谱吸收技术,并结合系统中多反腔所提供...     

非分散红外CO气体检测系统研究

介绍了用于CO气体检测的非分散红外(NDIR)系统,论述了系统的原理、构成与实现方法.利用CO在红外4.65μm处的特征吸收,通过气体滤波相关技术实现对空气中痕量气体CO的检测,系统响应迅速,测量精度高,并能实现0～50 ppm的测量范围,检测下限10 ppb.     

用于多组分红外气体检测的多支路QCL驱动电源

为了使激光器电源具备驱动群量子级联激光器(QCL)的能力,研制了一种新型多支路QCL驱动电源。在硬件方面,该驱动电源采用时分复用控制技术,使各支路的驱动电流在时间上错开,达到互不影响的效果。在软件方面,对MOSFET传输特性数据进行分段拟合,提升了驱动电流线性度。实验结果表明,驱动电流线性度优于99.97%,长期稳定度优于4×10^-5。最后,利用该电源对4种不同波长的中红外QCL进行驱动试验,发光光谱正常,证明该驱动电源在实际应用中的可行性。     

近红外波长CO浓度检测技术

文中提出了一种新的CO浓度检测系统,根据光谱吸收原理,采用双光束气体浓度检测技术。系统选用近红外光源和探测器,与传统的中红外波长工作器件相比,成本得以降低。近红外波长光信号利用光纤传输,替代了传统的复杂光路系统,使器件结构小型化。文章介绍了这项技术的原理及特色。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC).该方法有效简化了 TAC电路结构,减小了 TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR).采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计.集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8％.后仿真结果表明,...     

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。