房屋建筑基坑支护工程设计

基坑支护工程的设计应用,可从基坑土体受力等多方面对基坑工程施工进行防护,保证房建基坑工程施工的安全性.分析影响房建基坑工程施工的因素,设计了基坑支护结构的组合模式,结合房建基坑工程施工的实际情况,从基坑围护结构和支护结构等方面研究房屋建筑基坑支护工程施工.     

多工况施工条件下基坑群变形特性分析

多个基坑近邻施工越来越常见,彼此间不同施工工况对变形影响较大。以武汉市地铁青菱站近邻基坑群工程为例,针对不同开挖顺序对基坑群变形影响问题,采用数值模拟的方法对不同基坑围护结构深层位移和基坑周边土体沉降的变形特性进行了分析。研究结果表明：在基坑群开挖过程中,基坑坑间土体沉降叠加效应受坑间距影响较大;不同开挖顺序对基坑外边侧围护结构变形和周边土体沉降影响不大,但对基坑内边侧围护结构变形有一定影响。3个基坑同时开挖基坑内边侧围护结构位移量最大,基坑依次顺序开挖位移量最小,先开挖2个基坑再开挖另一个基坑位移量位于二者之间。相关结论可为基坑群开挖顺序的设计提供参考。     

利用互联网+监测信息平台加强基坑工程质量安全管控

基坑监测是基坑工程信息化施工重要手段,对保障基坑质量安全至关重要.目前的基坑监测单一参数预警存在明显不足,结合上海地区基坑管理经验,提出利用互联网+基坑监测信息平台综合管控基坑的质量安全,对基坑采取更有针对性的分级预警方式,在城市管理中取得了一定的成效,可为其他城市的基坑工程质量安全监管提供参考.     

基坑宽度对围护结构稳定性的影响

工程实践表明,狭窄基坑有更好的稳定性。因此,其他条件相同时,狭窄基坑围护结构插入深度可以适当减小。目前常用的基坑稳定性分析方法基本不考虑基坑宽度的影响,造成狭窄基坑设计时插入深度过大,引起较大浪费。以宽度与插入深度之比为依据,把基坑宽度分成窄基坑、一般宽度基坑和宽基坑三类。基于经典土压力理论,推导考虑基坑宽度影响的抗倾覆稳定安全系数计算公式,考虑被动区加固土体的无限侧抗压强度。分析表明,基坑越深,宽度越小,就越要考虑基坑宽度对稳定性的影响。提出的公式完全基于经典土压力理论,没有引入新的假设,较为科学,对狭窄基坑减小插入深度提供了理论依据,适合在基坑设计和施工中推广。     

浅析基坑项目全生命周期质量控制

基坑项目质量对于基坑及其周边安全的重要性不言而喻,近年来我国因基坑项目质量事故而引发的一系列问题已成为社会关注的焦点。由于基坑项目参建单位众多,能否建立一套基坑项目质量控制体系已成为基坑项目质量控制的关键。按照基坑项目开展顺序,运用基坑项目全生命周期质量控制的理念,把基坑项目细化为四个阶段,并依据基坑项目参建单位的主要22作,论述了基坑项目全生命周期中四个阶段的质量控制要点,从而进一步明确了各参建单位在基坑项目各阶段中的质量控制职责,以确保基坑项目质量安全。     

相邻双基坑开挖相互影响三维性状分析

相邻基坑开挖引起围护结构和周围土体变形与基坑单独开挖存在较大的差异,目前较缺乏考虑相邻基坑开挖产生的相互影响及其空间效应的研究。以实际相邻双基坑工程为分析原型,建立其开挖的三维有限元模型,研究双基坑开挖的空间效应。分析了相邻基坑同步开挖和不同基坑间距对基坑间土体沉降、支护结构内力、支护结构位移、坑底隆起、坑外地表沉降等的影响,探讨基坑开挖角部刚度效应。结果表明:相邻基坑开挖影响支护结构的内力和位移分布;基坑间土体沉降产生叠加影响,沉降量大于基坑两侧地面;近端支护结构变形和坑底隆起小于远端。基坑角部刚度效应在一定范围内会较明显地限制土体变形和支护结构的位移,且角部刚度效应随开挖深度增大而增大。基坑间距对相邻基坑产生相互影响的范围为2.5~3倍基坑开挖深度。     

s基坑开挖对邻近已开挖基坑的影响分析

相邻基坑开挖卸栽会影响周边基坑结构的受力状态,进而影响基坑的变形及内力等,特别是深大基坑,更容易引起工程事故。为此,在不同基坑间距、基坑深度、基坑宽度等情况下,选取合适的理论模型,对已开挖基坑的变化进行有限元模拟分析,为解决工程实际问题提供理论依据。     

基坑施工封闭降水技术在东银大厦工程中的应用

基坑施工封闭降水技术是国家推广应用的10项新技术内容之一,指采用基坑侧壁止水帷幕+基坑底封底的截水措施,阻截基坑侧壁及基坑底面的地下水流入基坑,同时采用降水措施抽取或引渗基坑开挖范围内地下水的基坑降水方法。以东营市东银大厦工程为例进行分析总结,从而探讨基坑施工封闭降水技术在工程中的具体应用。     

建筑工程基坑支护技术探讨

对基坑支护进行了分析,介绍了几种常见的基坑支护技术,提出了解决基坑支护设计问题的方法,总结了建筑工程基坑支护施工技术要点,得出基坑支护工程应当依照施工现场实际情况,选择适宜的基坑支护技术,从而保障基坑支护工程施工的安全性。     

基坑变形观测方法

基坑支护设计目前还没有成熟的方法可以计算基坑周围的土体变化,而基坑支护结构在基坑开挖过程中若发生破坏后果非常严重,因此在施工过程中通过对基坑的变形观测指导基坑开挖和支护,对基坑的安全施工有重要意义。     

The ecological peculiarities of the testate amoebae population in the Middle Ob flood plain

The biodiversity and distribution of testate amoebae in the Middle Ob flood plain soils have been studied. The biodiversity of Testacea in the soils consists of 83 species and varieties from 12 families. The population of Testacea in flood plain habitats is rich in water forms, especially in the flood plain part of the catena, because of annual floods. The study showed that the density of Testacea in the forest plots is approximately 10 times higher than in the meadow ones. The species diversity of Testacea in the meadows of the flood plain includes 40 species and varieties. It was found that there is an enrichment of the fauna of Testacea in the flood plain meadows with water forms and a decrease in the population of Testacea in the soil according to the depth. The decrease in the diversity and number down the soil profile is related to the decrease in the amount of the oxygen available and general induration of soil. On the whole, the population composition of Testacea in the soils of the pine forest consists of typical representatives of humus substrates with low values of pH, small stock of humus and mineral nutrition. The soils of mature pine forests are rich in Testacea; they have a similar complex of morphological types, mainly because of the moss cover and forest litter thickness.     

采空区垮落岩体空隙储水分形计算及应用研究

 为了计算采空区垮落岩体空隙储水量,引入分形理论对陕北榆神府煤田采空区垮落岩体储水空隙相关参数展开研究。基于采空区垮落岩体空隙分形维数测定数据,选用Menger海绵分形模型建立采空区垮落岩体空隙结构模型,推导采空区垮落岩体空隙率和残余碎胀系数公式,计算采空区垮落岩体空隙储水量,并以神南矿区某矿32301面为工程背景进行现场应用研究。研究结果表明：采空区垮落岩体空隙分形维数为2.93,储水性能良好。分形计算最大储水量为3848231.93m3,与采空区垮落岩体空隙实际储水量较为一致。利用分形方法计算采空区垮落岩体空隙储水量是可行的,对于干旱-半干旱矿区有效利用有限水资源具有重要的现实意义。     

Research on seasonal indoor thermal environment and residents' control behavior of cooling and heating systems in Korea

Indoor thermal environments and residents' control behavior of cooling and heating systems were investigated in Seoul, Korea and compared with the results of previous studies. Twenty-four houses in summer, six houses in autumn and 36 houses in winter were used in this study. The measurement of temperature, humidity and air conditioner usage behavior was carried out. The clo-value, thermal comfort, sensation and basic data of the houses were also investigated. The indoor thermal environment in the summer had a high temperature and a high humidity ratio compare to standard comfort zone. Most of the indoor thermal environments at the time of starting the air conditioner in the summer were out of the comfort zone. Some of the data recorded while the air conditioner was stopped were in the comfort zone, but in many cases the temperature was relatively higher than comfort zone. Most indoor climate distributions in the winter were in the comfort zone and the indoor climate in autumn coincided well with the criteria of the comfort zone. Compared with results of previous studies in these 25 years, indoor ambient average temperature in winter has increased and the comfort temperature has increased in the heating period and decreased in the cooling period. This result indicates that the development of an HVAC system has created an expectation of comfort for residents and has shifted their thermal comfort zone warmer in winter and cooler in summer.     

PCB and chlorinated pesticide concentrations in swine and bovine adipose tissue in Sweden 1991-1997: spatial and temporal trends

Results from the Swedish control programme regarding organochlorines in food were used to determine time trends of organochlorine concentrations in adipose tissues from swine (4-8 months old) and bovines (non-dairy, 12-36 months) slaughtered between 1991 and 1997. Moreover, possible regional differences in concentrations were studied, as well as differences in concentrations depending on sex and age of the slaughtered animals. Multiple linear regression indicated that the concentrations of PCB, p,p'-DDE, HCB and alpha-HCH decreased by 4-17% per year, suggesting that the decline in organochlorine concentrations in the Swedish environment and biota reported during the 1970s-1990s also has occurred in meat-producing animals during the 1990s. The concentrations of PCB, DDE and HCB in bovines and PCB and DDE in swine were 1.4-3.8-fold higher in the southern parts of Sweden than in the northern parts of the country, indicating a regional difference in exposure of the animals. The organochlorine concentrations were higher in bovines than in swine, and declined faster in swine than in bovines. Moreover, the concentrations of CB 153 and p,p'-DDE were similar in bovines, but in swine the average concentrations of the two compounds differed two-fold. Apart from possible species differences in metabolism of organochlorines, this may be due to differences in the age at slaughter between swine and bovines, and differences in husbandry of the animals. In the latter case, swine are generally kept inside during their whole life span, whereas bovines are kept outside grazing during the summer period. Finally, a sex-dependent difference in concentrations was indicated in swine, but not in bovines. Our study shows that a lot of information can be 'extracted' from control program results.     

日本地震简介和日建设计的抗震设计

为更好地帮助读者理解本刊各篇论文的内容,本文简要介绍日本的地震状况,日建设计对地震设计的考虑方法,以及日建设计的设计用人工模拟地震波。     

The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes

We studied the effects of flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and the concentration of bacteria in water in copper and plastic (polyethylene, PE) pipes. The formation of biofilms increased with the flow velocity of water. The increase in microbial numbers and contents of ATP was clearer in the PE pipes than in the copper pipes. This was also seen as increased consumption of microbial nutrients in the pipeline system. This indicates that the mass transfer of nutrients is in major role in the growth of biofilms. However, the increased biomass of biofilms did not affect microbial numbers in the water. Rapid changes in water flow rate resuspended biofilms and sediments which increased the concentrations of bacteria and copper in water. The disturbance caused by the changing water flow was also seen as an increase in the particle counts and water turbidity recorded with online instrumentation.     

在革新与现代主义之间:夏昌世与德国(英文)

夏昌世,中国第一代建筑师,1920年代在德国卡尔斯鲁厄留学。1932年,他在图宾根完成了博士论文之后重返祖国。1940年代后期,他在广州成为教授,1973年与妻子一同重返德国,并在那里生活直至1996年逝世。他的设计方法不仅受到那个时代欧洲现代主义运动氛围的熏陶,还来自他对中国传统景观与建筑艺术历史的研究。他是引领岭南区域形成岭南学派建筑的主导力量之一。同时,作为一建筑学教授,他在广州培养了新一代青年建筑师。     

未来高校图书馆建筑空间构成及设计特点初探

从高校图书馆发展的外部动因,使用主体的心理、行为特征和现代化设备对图书馆的影响三个方面来分析研究图书馆建筑发展的趋势和特点,归纳出未来高校图书馆建筑的功能布局及空间组织结构特点,总结出设计中要考虑的诸多因素,以期更好地指导高校图书馆的设计与建设。     

Ecological succession in mountain lake ecosystems of Southern Siberia after the introduction of the peled – Coregonus peled (Gmeli, 1778)

Abstract

This article summarizes a long-standing study of the process of introduction of the peled to the Southern Siberian mountain lake ecosystems. The peled has adapted to changes in food supply. Pressure of the euryphagous peled caused the substitution of larger forms of zooplankton by smaller ones. Similar changes occurred in the content of phytoplankton. Succession of zoobenthos in the littoral part of the lakes manifested itself as the decrease in the total biomass, in its part of zoobenthos (Gammarus) and as the increase in the biomass of other groups. The opposite changes were encountered in the profundal zone of zoobenthos (the decrease in the total biomass owing to the existence of larger forms of alpha-polysaprobes). The restructuring observed in various communities signifies the substantial changes in the whole process of generation and transformation of organic substance in the mountain ecosystems with the dominance of the introduced peled.     

唐宋元时期城市建设特点的文学体现

指出了唐宋元时期的城市建设在我国古代建筑史上具有重要地位,阐述了唐都长安城的建设特点在诗歌中的体现、北宋东京和南宋临安的建设特点在词中的体现以及元大都的建设特点在戏剧中的体现,为研究中国古代城市规划建设特点开辟一个新的途径。