谈生活污水预处理构筑物化粪池

简述了化粪池的使用现状,分析了化粪池使用中存在的问题,详细介绍了化粪池的布置与设计,展望了化粪池的发展趋势,指出化粪池的设置是一个系统工程,应与城市污水厂的设置统筹考虑。     

建筑室外排水系统取消化粪池综述

关于建筑室外排水系统化粪池的设置原则,国家有关标准并没有做出明确的规定,行业人员对化粪池设置必要性仍持有不同观点,本文在国内已有相关研究成果的基础上,结合部分城市取消化粪池的工程实践经验进行总结,以供同行交流参考。     

谈化粪池的应用与发展

简述了化粪池的使用现状,分析了化粪池使用中存在的问题,介绍了化粪池的布置和设计,展望了化粪池的发展趋势,指出化粪池的设置应与城市污水处理统筹考虑。     

建议在城市污水处理系统完善的情况下取消化粪池

介绍了化粪池的原始作用,目前存在的问题及弊端,探讨了化粪池的设置对污水处理厂中的脱氮除磷工艺不利影响,建议在城市污水系统完善的情况下取消化粪池。     

预制钢筋砼组合式化粪池的应用

通过对化粪池设计、施工中存在的问题的探讨、指出化粪池设置的必要性,及几个参数的合理取值.提出以上问题的改进应朝着经济、实用、有效的方向努力.     

地埋式生化处理装置在住宅小区中的应用

目前的住宅小区常常有大面积地下室,同时室外的各专业管线也有所增加,设置化粪池比较困难.通过对地埋式生化处理装置和化粪池处理污水的比较,探讨地埋式生化处理装置在住宅小区应用的可行性和优越性.     

装配式玻璃钢化粪池在工程中的应用

以北京市轨道交通亦庄线台湖车辆段采用的玻璃钢化粪池为例,阐述了玻璃钢化粪池的施工方法,并对钢筋混凝土化粪池和玻璃钢化粪池在施工方法、工程进度、环境污染、经济性等方面进行了对比。     

关于印发《福建省化粪池设置技术管理暂行规定》的通知

各设区市建设局（建委）、规划局、房管局、公用局，福州市市容管理局，厦门市国土资源与房产管理局：为加强我省化粪池的设置管理，省厅组织专家制定了《福建省化粪池设置技术管理暂行规定》，现印发给你们，请结合工程实际贯彻实施，在实施中有何意见或建议请反馈省厅。     

基于美丽乡村建设的既有化粪池优化

目前我国乡镇农村生活污水多以明渠或暗沟的形式就近排放,水污染严重。在美丽乡村建设中,选用构造简单、成本低廉的化粪池系统往往是改善农村水环境的最适措施。但是,既有化粪池往往受环境温度变化、清掏不及时、排气设置不合理等因素影响,造成其出水水质不佳,同时化粪池出水就地排放对水源、土地造成了二次污染。笔者以此为背景,从多角度探究既有化粪池的改进方案,从而达到提高农村水环境和卫生环境的目的。     

住宅小区中化粪池设置的几个问题的探讨

通过对化粪池设计、施工中存在的问题的探讨，指出化粪池设置的必要性，及几个设计参数取值的不合理和施工中存在的质量通病。提出以上问题的改进应朝着经济、实用、有效的方向努力。     

关于重庆市取消生化池的探讨

本文通过分析化粪池和生化池在实际使用中的一些问题,结合重庆市实际情况,对在城市污水厂服务区域内取消化粪池和生化池进行了探讨。     

复合式竹丝填料生物反应器处理化粪池出水

为寻找适合化粪池出水的处理工艺,采用批式试验研究了复合式竹丝填料生物反应器对化粪池出水中COD、SS的去除效果。结果表明:复合式竹丝填料生物反应器能有效去除化粪池出水中的COD和SS,平均去除率分别达到了85.4%和90%以上;复合式竹丝填料生物反应器的微生物数量较多、微生物链较长、微生物种群丰富;复合式竹丝填料生物反应器中的污泥增加量极少。将复合式竹丝填料生物反应器内的活性污泥和竹丝分开组成两个独立的生物反应器并处理化粪池污水,结果发现,竹丝生物膜反应器能在短期(18h)内超过活性污泥反应器的处理效果,且竹丝生物膜反应器的产泥量很低。可见,竹丝填料较为适合处理化粪池出水,是一种价格低廉、污染少、运行管理费用较低的良好填料。     

Nutrient loading on subsoils from on-site wastewater effluent, comparing septic tank and secondary treatment systems

The performance of six separate percolation areas was intensively monitored to ascertain the attenuation effects of unsaturated subsoils with respect to on-site wastewater effluent: three sites receiving septic tank effluent, the other three sites receiving secondary treated effluent. The development of a biomat across the percolation areas receiving secondary treated effluent was restricted on these sites compared to those sites receiving septic tank effluent and this created significant differences in terms of the potential nitrogen loading to groundwater. The average nitrogen loading per capita at 1.0 m depth of unsaturated subsoil equated to 3.9 g total-N/d for the sites receiving secondary treated effluent, compared to 2.1 g total-N/d for the sites receiving septic tank effluent. Relatively high nitrogen loading was, however, found on the septic tank sites discharging effluent into highly permeable subsoil that counteracted any significant denitrification. Phosphorus removal was generally very good on all of the sites although a clear relationship to the soil mineralogy was determined.     

Mathematical model for predicting sludge accumulation in septic tanks based on operational parameters: effect of hydraulic mixing

Reporting sludge accumulation in septic tanks as a constant rate is no longer accepted, and there is a need for a model that predicts sludge accumulation in septic tanks taking into consideration the continuous consumption of sewage solids by microorganisms. This study presents the development of mathematical model that predicts sludge accumulation in septic tanks and to investigate the effect of mixing on solids digestion. The mathematical model takes into consideration the effect of different operational parameters (influent and effluent) as well as the bacterial kinetics in predicting the sludge accumulation in septic tanks. The model predicts with R² > 0.88 the sludge accumulation rate in standard septic tank calculated by empirical models developed by Weibel in 1955, and by Bounds in 1995. The model was also used to estimate the typical pump‐out interval for different tank volumes and the sludge accumulation inside septic tanks at different operational parameters.     

地埋式污水处理池与传统化粪池使用效果分析

对传统化粪池与地埋式污水处理池进行了分析对比,阐述了地埋式污水处理池的设计优点,指出经过各级部门的有力推广,地埋式污水处理池会创造化粪池的革命新时代。     

Water Quality Changes in a Septic Tank Effluent Discharged to the Chalk

B ucket-type samplers were installed in the unsaturated zone to intercept septic tank effluent descending through the Chalf at Snowdown, Kent. Better than 90 per cent removal of BOD and COD, and of the order of 99 per cent removal of coiform bacteria, were observed after downward percolation through 2.1 m of Chalk. Nitrification of ammonia had begun at that depth, but not at intermediate depth. The results, though limited, suggest that septic tank effluent is purified in the Chalk in a similar way to settled sewage.     

Mass balance and isotope effects during nitrogen transport through septic tank systems with packed-bed (sand) filters

Septic tank systems are an important source of NO3(-) to many aquifers, yet characterization of N mass balance and isotope systematics following septic tank effluent discharge into unsaturated sediments has received limited attention. In this study, samples of septic tank effluent before and after transport through single-pass packed-bed filters (sand filters) were evaluated to elucidate mass balance and isotope effects associated with septic tank effluent discharge to unsaturated sediments. Chemical and isotopic data from five newly installed pairs and ten established pairs of septic tanks and packed-bed filters serving single homes in Oregon indicate that aqueous solute concentrations are affected by variations in recharge (precipitation, evapotranspiration), NH4+ sorption (primarily in immature systems), nitrification, and gaseous N loss via NH3 volatilization and(or) N2 or N2O release during nitrification/denitrification. Substantial NH4+ sorption capacity was also observed in laboratory columns with synthetic effluent. Septic tank effluent delta15N-NH4+ values were almost constant and averaged +4.9 per thousand+/-0.4 per thousand (1 sigma). In contrast, delta15N values of NO3(-) leaving mature packed-bed filters were variable (+0.8 to +14.4 per thousand) and averaged +7.2 per thousand+/-2.6 per thousand. Net N loss in the two networks of packed-bed filters was indicated by average 10-30% decreases in Cl(-)-normalized N concentrations and 2-3 per thousand increases in delta15N, consistent with fractionation accompanying gaseous N losses and corroborating established links between septic tank effluent and NO3(-) in a local, shallow aquifer. Values of delta18O-NO3(-) leaving mature packed-bed filters ranged from -10.2 to -2.3 per thousand (mean -6.4 per thousand+/-1.8 per thousand), and were intermediate between a 2/3 H2O-O+1/3 O2-O conceptualization and a 100% H2O-O conceptualization of delta18O-NO3(-) generation during nitrification.