硅胶负载型烯烃聚合催化剂的研究V 化学活化对催化剂相结构和聚合动力学的影响

用XRD手段对硅胶负载型气相聚乙烯催化剂的相结构受化学活化的影响进行了研究,在一定范围内三乙基铝的加入量对热活化硅胶载体相结构影响很小,所制备的催化剂仍为非晶型,当三乙基铝的加入量超过脱除热活化硅胶表面剩余羟基所需量较大时,催化剂表面会形成微量的络合结晶物,这些微量结晶物使催化剂的聚合效率明显降低.聚合动力学实验表明,没有经过化学活化的催化剂聚合动力学为快速衰减型且聚合活性很低,只有通过使用适当三乙基铝配比的化学活化后才能获得动力学平稳的高效催化剂.     

硅胶负载型烯烃聚合催化剂的研究：Ⅴ 化学活化对催化剂 …

用ＸＲＤ手段对硅胶负载型气相聚乙烯催化剂的相结构受化学尖化的影响进行了研究，在一定范围内三乙基铝的加入量对热活化硅胶载体相结构影响很小，所制备的催化剂仍为非晶型，当三乙基铝的加入量超过脱除热活化硅胶表面剩余羟基所需量较大时，催化剂表面会形成微量的络合结晶物，这些微晶结晶物使催化剂的聚合效率明显降低。     

有机铬催化剂催化乙烯聚合

研究了有机硅烷铬酸酯催化剂(简称有机铬催化剂)在乙烯气相均聚合小试中的催化性能和聚合动力学行为。考察了不同种子床制备方法、有机铬催化剂加入量、聚合温度、乙烯与氢气分压比对聚合的影响,并对聚乙烯(PE)进行了结构与性能的分析表征。结果表明:经热活化与化学活化处理后的硅胶表面基本不含羟基,适宜作为种子床使用;有机铬催化剂加入量在100.0~150.0 mg时其活性最高且保持稳定,聚合动力学曲线为快速上升缓慢下降型;聚合温度在80~100℃时有机铬催化剂活性最高且变化不大,但在110℃时下降;随聚合温度升高,PE的重均分子量与数均分子量均降低,且相对分子质量分布明显变窄;H2的加入会显著降低有机铬催化剂活性。     

硅胶负载型烯烃聚合催化剂的研究Ⅳ化学活化对催化剂形态的影响

ＳＥＭ观察发现了催化剂制备过程中颗粒的破碎和聚结现象，破碎随化学活化时三乙基铝量的增加而加剧，同时还发现了细粒子和碎片在粒径较大催化剂颗粒表面的聚结现象，发生聚结的细粒子或碎片的粒径一般在２０μｍ以下，破碎和聚结都破坏了催化剂的宏观形态，较多的三乙基铝量也改变了催化剂颗粒表面的微观形态，局部表面形成了絮团状物质     

硅胶负载型烯烃聚合催化剂的研究：Ⅳ化学活化对催化剂？…

ＳＥＭ观察发现了催化剂制备过程中颗粒的破碎和聚结现象,破碎随化学活化时三乙基铝量的增加而加剧,同时不安 现了细粒子和碎片在粒径较大催化剂颗粒表面的聚结现象,发生聚结的细粒子或碎片的粒径一般在２０μｍ以下,破碎和聚结都破坏了催化剂的宏观形态,较多的三乙基铝量也改变了催化剂颗粒表面的微观形态,局部表面形成了絮团状物质。     

硅胶负载型乙烯聚合铬系催化剂研究进展

硅胶负载型乙烯聚合铬系催化剂具有原材料简单、实验方法便捷等优点因此成为当今乙烯聚合铬系催化剂研究的热点,其制备的聚合物分子量分布较宽,而聚烯烃的相对分子质量对其物理性能影响较大。综述了硅胶活化处理条件对催化乙烯聚合反应活性的影响,同时还阐述了硅胶表面改性乙烯聚合铬系催化剂的研究进展,并对硅胶负载型乙烯聚合铬系催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。     

Cp2TiCl2/坡缕石黏土负载型催化剂催化乙烯聚合的特性

利用浸渍法制备了两种二氯二茂钛（Cp₂TiCl₂）/坡缕石黏土负载型催化剂Cat-A 和Cat-B,并进行了乙烯淤浆聚合评价。对热活化黏土进行表征的结果表明,坡缕石黏土在热活化过程中由于配位结晶水的脱除表面主要由Lewis酸性位占据。黏土载体所具有的表面酸性使其具有完全不同于硅胶载体的负载茂金属催化剂聚合行为。在相同的聚合条件下,直接负载型催化剂的活性高于载体化学修饰型催化剂,甚至高于均相Cp₂TiCl₂催化剂。直接负载催化剂所得聚合产物的分子量和熔点低于载体化学修饰催化剂,且其产物性质受温度影响更为显著。以硅胶负载型茂金属催化剂作为对比,分析了表面具有较强Lewis酸性的载体活性中心性质,以此解释了直接负载型催化剂的乙烯聚合特性。对直接负载型催化剂不同时间段的聚合产物形态进行了扫描电镜观察,发现最终聚合产物中聚合物“纤维”和“纤维”聚集体形态的形成,并进一步分析了聚合物形态演化过程的特点。     

用钛酸丁酯复合钛催化体系引发异戊二烯聚合 Ⅰ.聚合条件的影响

以钛酸丁酯和负载钛(TiCl4/MgCl2)为主催化剂、三乙基铝为助催化剂催化异戊二烯聚合,研究了主催化剂用量、三乙基铝与钛酸丁酯的摩尔比、负载钛催化剂加入时间及温度等对单体转化率和催化效率的影响,并对聚合物的汽油不溶部分和可溶部分的结构进行了核磁共振氢谱表征,用差示扫描量热法测试了汽油不溶部分的结晶度.结果表明,所得聚合产物为1,4-结构摩尔分数67.4%、3,4-结构摩尔分数32.6%的复合异戊橡胶;聚合体系的单体转化率随钛酸丁酯/异戊二烯(摩尔比,下同)的增大而升高,而催化效率则先升高后降低;二者均随三乙基铝/钛酸丁酯的增大先升高后降低,最佳值为9～10;二者均随加入二种催化剂时间间隔的延长先升高后降低,随聚合温度的升高先升高后降低,且在30～35 ℃时达到最高值.     

硅胶载体镁-钛催化剂乙烯聚合性能研究

研究了硅胶载体镁-钛催化剂的制备方法以及制备过程中影响聚合性能的关键因素,研究表明采用新生态氯化镁-硅胶复合载体,用醇类化合物和氯化烷基铝进行改性的工艺路线制得的催化剂具有高的催化效率和优良的氢调能力,确定了n(醇)∶n(镁)=2.0~2.3和n(铝)∶n(镁)=1.50~1.83时催化剂具有最好的聚合性能,以及采用升温程序2煅烧活化的硅胶载体制得的催化剂颗粒形态最好。研究还表明在不改变催化剂关键配方的情况下,可以通过调整硅胶载体的煅烧活化温度和镁-钛催化剂中的钛/镁质量分数比来实现对催化剂聚合动力学行为的调控。     

混合助催化剂对丙烯本体聚合的影响

分别采用DQ型和BC-MS型Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化丙烯本体聚合,助催化剂为三乙基铝(TEAL)与三异丁基铝(TiBA)的混合物,外给电子体为二苯基二甲氧基硅烷,氢气作相对分子质量调节剂,反应釜内的装料系数为70%。首先在20℃条件下进行预聚合,预聚合结束后迅速升温至70℃聚合。研究了TEAL/TiBA混合助催化剂对聚丙烯(PP)等规指数、熔体流动速率(MFR)和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着助催化剂中TiBA用量的增加,所制PP的等规指数降低,MFR呈降低趋势。与BC-MS型催化剂相比,用DQ型催化剂制备的PP的弯曲强度和弯曲模量总体上较低,简支梁缺口冲击强度相对较高。     

Video Microscopy for Fast Screening of Polymerization Catalysts

Video microscopy has been used as an effective tool for fast screening of six different metallocene/MAO supported catalyst samples. The different techniques employed for supporting the metallocene on silica gels can have an influence on the overall catalyst activity and on the activity of single catalyst particles. The kinetics of gas‐phase polymerization of ethylene with supported metallocene/MAO catalysts can be modeled by using a simple reaction scheme and neglecting mass and heat transport effects.     

球形催化剂在液相本体聚丙烯装置上的应用

在间歇液相本体法聚丙烯装置上采用CS-1型高效催化剂进行生产的同时,进行CS-2和HDC球形催化剂应用试验,两烯不需要再精制,结果表明,采用CS-2和HDC球形催化剂的单釜产量达到CS-1型高效催化剂的水平,产品质量符合Q/SHC001-1998要求,聚丙烯颗粒呈球形,加工流动性好,粉尘污染减少。     

Effect of support structure on the activity of Cr/nanosilica catalysts and the morphology of prepared polyethylene

Phillips‐type catalysts are responsible for the commercial production of more than one‐third of all polyethylene sold worldwide. Many types of chromium‐based catalysts are used in the Phillips polymerization process. Ordered mesoporous silica structures were synthesized using various surfactant species. Chromium nitrate nonahydrate (Cr(NO₃)₃·9H₂O) complex was grafted onto the surface of pure silica and was used for ethylene polymerization. The materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the as‐synthesized materials, Cr³⁺ is present as a surface species in pseudo‐octahedral coordination. After calcination, Cr³⁺ is almost completely oxidized to Cr⁶⁺, which is anchored onto the surface in various oxidative states. The catalyst polymerization activity is dependent on the chromium loading, the pre‐calcination temperature and the support properties. In particular, the chromium catalyst prepared using spherical SBA‐15 is more active than the other catalysts investigated. Porous and nano‐fibrous polyethylene samples were prepared using various silica‐supported chromium catalytic systems. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that the melting point of samples produced with the SBA‐15‐supported catalyst is higher than that of samples produced with Cr/SiO₂ under the same conditions, which could be related to the existence of an extended‐chain structure. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Modeling of the propylene polymerization catalyzed by single‐/multi‐active site catalyst: A Monte Carlo study

In the present study, a model is established to describe the propylene polymerization kinetics catalyzed by the typical catalysts with single‐/multi‐active site type in a liquid phase stirred‐tank reactor using the Monte Carlo simulation method, regardless of the mass and heat diffusion effects within the polymer particles. Many kinetic data, including polypropylene yield, concentration transformation of catalyst active sites, number–average molecular weight, etc., are obtained by the model. The simulated kinetic results are found to be in agreement with the reference ones obtained in a population balance model. Furthermore, the comparisons of the kinetic data between the polymerization catalyzed by the catalyst with single‐active site type (typically silica‐supported metallocene) and the catalyst with multi‐active site type (typically MgCl₂‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst) have been studied using the model. Especially, the effects of hydrogen on the polymerization are studied using the model. The studied results show that the theory of catalyst active site can be used to explain the different propylene polymerization kinetics catalyzed by the typical catalyst with single‐/multi‐active site type. In addition, the role of hydrogen in the propylene polymerization needs to be emphasized. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

以硅胶为载体的茂金属催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来硅胶载体经甲基铝氧烷(MAO)化学处理后负载茂金属催化剂的一些研究进展，指出硅胶的化学活化是茂金属催化剂负载化的关键，单组分化学处理剂处理硅胶载体不能完全满足人们对负载型茂金属催化剂烯烃聚合的需求，采用含MAO的多组分化学处理剂化学活化硅胶后负载催化剂是该领域发展的趋势。     

POLYMERIZATION KINETICS AND MODELING OF SLURRY ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS WITH METALLOCENE/MAO CATALYSTS

Polymerization methods of ethylene include the slurry, solution, and gas-phase processes. This study investigates polymerization conditions and kinetics under slurry process. Typical metallocene catalyst/cocatalyst Cp₂ZrCl₂/MAO system was used for ethylene polymerization. Two kinds of polymerization kinetics were compared in this study, multiple active-site model and transfer-effect model. The kinetic studies used metallocene-type polymerization kinetics, including catalyst activation, initiation, chain propagation, chain transfer, and termination steps. In addition, kinetic constants of polymerization reaction model were calculated. Calculation results of catalyst activity and molecular weight were compared with experimental results, indicating their good correlation. Moreover, the conventional polymerization was modified to accurately predict the molecular weight behaviors under various reaction conditions with the proposed transfer-effect model. Exactly, how reaction time, pressure, catalyst concentration, and cocatalyst ratio affect catalyst activity and molecular weight of the polymer were also discussed.     

The effect of aluminum alkyls and BHT‐H on reaction kinetics of silica supported metallocenes and polymer properties in slurry phase ethylene polymerization

In slurry and gas phase catalytic ethylene polymerization processes, aluminum alkyl (AlR₃) compounds are usually present inside the reactor and their role either as co‐catalyst or scavenger is of considerable importance. Silica supported metallocene/methyl aluminoxane (MAO) catalysts show specific interactions with AlR₃ compounds. Therefore, this study shows an attempt to analyze and compare the effect of concentration as well as type of commonly used AlR₃ on slurry phase ethylene homopolymerization kinetics of silica supported (n‐BuCp)₂ZrCl₂/MAO catalyst. The obtained results indicate that the lower the concentration of smaller AlR₃ compounds, the higher the instantaneous catalytic activity. Concerning the polymer particle size distributions, a rise in fines generation has been observed with increasing AlR₃ content inside the reactor. Finally, it has been shown that the addition of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (a substituted phenol) into the reactor containing AlR₃ reduces the influence of AlR₃ compounds on the reaction kinetics of silica supported metallocene/MAO catalysts. Polyethylene properties remain similar in all the studied scenarios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45670.     

Silica gel supported zirconocene dichloride/methylalumoxane catalysts for ethylene polymerization: Effects of heterogenation on activity,polymer microstructure and product morphology

The system zirconocene dichloride/methylalumoxane was supported on silica in order to provide ethylene polymerization catalysts for suspension or gas phase processes. Highest activity was found for a sandwich-like, three layer anchoring of the zirconium centers on the support surface. The new catalyst systems show a decrease of activity compared to polymerization experiments in homogeneous phase. However, the molecular weights are increased and the weight distributions remain narrow by immobilization of the active catalyst sites. Those supported metallocene catalysts could find application for the synthesis of polyethylene materials with controlled rheology.     

聚酯高效催化剂缩聚反应动力学研究

研究了常规的Sb2 O3 、复合催化剂和C - 94三种催化剂对于PET缩聚反应的宏观动力学。结果表明 ,在相同条件下复合催化剂和C - 94的催化活性明显高于常规的Sb2 O3 催化剂 ;C -94的表观活化能明显高于复合催化剂和常规催化剂 ,其催化PET缩聚反应过程的温度效应显著 ;在有效搅拌条件下 ,三种催化剂在高真空阶段仍有较高的催化活性 ,过程是化学反应控制的。