基于Curvelet变换和小波变换相结合的图像融合算法研究

针对小波变换在图像边缘表达方面的局限性,以及Curvelet变换在表达图像点特征上的不足,提出了在红外图像与可见光图像融合的过程中采用基于Curvelet变换和小波变换相结合的图像融合算法.首先对图像进行Curvelet分解,对低频系数使用基于小波变换的融合算法,对高频系数结合融合图像的特点分别采用了两种不同的选取方法:模值绝对值取大法和基于系数相关性法.最后,对最终系数进行反Curvelet变换,得到融合结果图.采用该算法进行了大量的红外图像与可见光图像融合实验,实验结果表明,此算法的融合结果图获得了更好的目标信息和光谱信息.     

基于Curvelet变换的图像融合改进算法

针对红外与可见光图像的融合,提出了基于二代Curvelet变换的图像融合改进算法。首先对两幅源图像进行Curvelet变换,得到其在不同尺度和方向下的变换系数。对于低频系数,根据红外与可见光图像的不同成像特点,采用基于局部统计特性的自适应融合策略;对于不同尺度和方向下的高频系数,采用基于局部区域能量匹配的系数选择方案。最后进行Curvelet逆变换得到融合图像。通过实验结果的对比分析,该算法可以更有效地反映源图像中的特征,融合效果有了明显改善。     

基于二代Curvelet变换的红外与可见光图像融合

针对红外与可见光成像传感器的物理特性,提出了一种基于二代Curvelet变换的图像融合算法.首先对原始图像分别进行快速离散Curvelet变换,得到不同尺度与方向下的子带系数.对低频子带系数,根据红外图像的目标特性与可见光图像的细节信息确定其融合权值;对不同尺度与方向下的高频子带系数,采用基于局部区域能量匹配的融合规则.最后经Curvelet逆变换得到融合结果.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地综合可见光与红外图像中的重要信息,其融合结果较典型的基于塔式分解与基于小波变换的图像融合算法,在主观视觉效果与客观评价指标上均有所改善.     

基于二代Curvelet变换耦合图像纹理算法

当前较多图像融合算法主要是通过图像的能量信息来完成系数融合,忽略了图像的纹理特征,导致融合结果中存在吉布斯以及块现象等缺陷。设计了二代Curvelet变换耦合纹理信息调节的融合算法,该算法采用二代Curvelet变换,从输入图像中获取不同的Curvelet系数,采用图像的R(Red),G(Green),B(Blue)值,构造纹理信息因子,测量图像的纹理信息,并联合图像的信息熵特征,定义低频信息融合机制,完成低频系数的融合,使融合图像具有更多的纹理信息。利用图像的平均梯度特征建立高频信息融合方法,实现高频系数的融合,使其含有更多的边缘细节信息。测试结果显示：与已有的融合算法相比,该算法的融合图像更为清晰,没有吉布斯和块现象,具有更大的交互信息量和标准差值。     

基于相似性灰关联的Curvelet域多聚焦图像融合

 针对多聚焦图像融合问题,提出一种基于相似性灰关联的Curvelet域可见光图像融合方法.该方法首先将待融合图像进行多级Curvelet分解,然后对各融合图像的高频系数进行分块,利用灰色理论中的灰色欧几里德关联度确定各子块间的相似性,并制定不同的高频系数融合策略,低频系数则采用算术平均法融合;最后,通过Curvelet逆变换重构融合图像.实验结果显示,该方法融合图像的信息熵、标准差和清晰度等指标优于金字塔融合法以及小波变换法等常见的多种融合方法.     

基于小波变换的多规则图像融合方法

针对红外和可见光图像各自特征,提出了基于小波变换多分辨率的不同规则图像融合方法.首先对原图像进行多级小波分解,产生多频带小波系数,利用像素的局部区域方差、平均梯度及掩膜滤波等方法对不同频带小波系数计算融合权重,最后将小波融合系数逆变换实现图像的融合处理.实验结果表明,融合图像特征显著,易于观察.     

一种基于Curvelet变换多传感器图像融合算法

综合分析了Curvelet变换的特性,并提出了一种基于Curvelet变换的多传感器图像融合算法。首先采用Curvelet变换将源图像分解到不同尺度、方向频带范围内,然后采用不同的融合规则得到融合后图像的Curvelet变换系数,最后再进行Curvelet逆变换得到融合图像。采用多组具有不同特征的源图像进行了融合实验,并对融合图像进行了主客观评价。实验结果表明,相比于传统的基于小波变换的图像融合算法,该算法能够有效避免“人为”效应或高频噪声的引入,得到具有更好视觉效果和更优量化指标的融合图像。     

一种使用曲波变换的多聚焦图像融合方法

提出一种使用曲线波（Curvelet）变换的多聚焦图像融合方法：首先采用非均匀采样的快速傅里时变换（FDCTUSFFr）实现方法的二代Curvelet变换,对待融合图像进行分解;然后对不同尺度和方向上的曲波系数采用设计的融合策略进行融合;最后通过融合系数重构得到结果。实验结果表明该方法在主观感觉和客观评价指标上较小波分析的融合算法均有一定的提高。     

基于能量、梯度与方差的多聚焦图像融合

大多数图像融合算法只就图像的某一个特征进行融合,容易造成其他特征信息损失。针对此问题,提出了一种利用哈尔小波变换的特性,考虑多种区域特征进行融合的策略,将图像进行哈尔小波变换后,根据图像的低频部分集中图像大部份能量的特征,采用梯度和能量相结合,根据图像高频部分反映图像细节的特征,采用区域方差与变换系数相结合的方法进行融合,最后经哈尔小波逆变换得到融合结果。通过对多组多聚焦图像进行融合实验,采用均值、方差、熵和平均梯度4种客观评价指标来评价融合图像效果,结果表明该方法能很好地保留图像信息,融合效果好。     

一种基于提升小波变换的图像融合新算法

提出了一种基于提升小波变换的图像融合新算法.该算法对多源图像进行提升小波分解,并针对分解后的低频和高频分量各自的特点,选用不同的规则进行融合,即低频近似系数采用基于邻域空问频率加一致性检验,高频细节系数采用基于像素点的绝对值取最大,最后进行提升小波逆变换得到融合图像.实验结果表明,当采用空闻频率误差比率和平均梯度作为客观评价标准,该算法具有良好的融合效果.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks