UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料的制备工艺研究

以超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维为原料,实现其在电脑横机上的编织,将6层纬平针织物、6层罗纹织物以及6层畦编织物分别通过真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型技术(VARTM)复合成复合材料板。VARTM工艺的最大优点是模具简单、成本低、模具抽真空形成负压使纤维与树脂分布更均匀。综合考虑UHMWPE纤维特点及VARTM工艺的工艺条件,实验用树脂为粘度低、浸润性好的环氧树脂;为使制备的复合材料均衡对称,采用(0°,90°)3s铺层方式;成功制备出了比较理想的纬平针、罗纹和畦编UHMWPE纤维纬编针织增强复合材料,为后续UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料力学性能的研究及其拓展领域的应用奠定了一定的理论和实验基础。     

不同结构UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料弯曲性能

以超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维为原料,在电脑横机上编织出较理想的UHMWPE纤维纬平针、罗纹、畦编针织结构织物.采用VARTM工艺、(0°,90°)3s铺层方式成功制备了六层纬平针、六层罗纹以及六层畦编UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料板.对三种复合材料板的弯曲性能及其影响因素进行研究,比较并分析其弯曲应力-挠度变化曲线和破坏形式.结果表明:三种UHMWPE纤维纬编针织结构增强复合材料的弯曲应力-挠度曲线具有非线性特征,曲线均类似于抛物线;其中,纬平针织结构复合材料的弯曲强度最大,罗纹次之,畦编最小;承受弯曲破坏的主要是树脂基体,没有出现增强体断裂、撕开等现象,表明由高强聚乙烯纤维制成的增强体材料具有较强的韧性与较高的强力.     

纬编双轴向织物/环氧树脂电加热复合材料电热及层间剪切性能

为开发一种可用于航空飞行器防/除冰防护的电加热复合材料,本文设计制备了三种纬编双轴向织物/环氧树脂复合材料,采用实验方法研究了纬编双轴向织物电阻丝排列密度对复合材料电热性能和层间剪切性能的影响。电加热复合材料上、下层均为玻璃纤维/环氧树脂预浸料,中间层为电加热纬编双轴向织物,织物衬经纱、捆绑纱和衬纬纱分别采用铜镍合金丝、涤纶和玻璃纤维。采用红外温度测试仪和材料万能试验机进行性能测试。结果表明:施加电压6 s后复合材料表面温度快速升高,在60 s左右温度达到最高平衡温度,复合材料表面最高平衡温度与施加电压成正比关系;当施加电压不变时,电阻丝排列密度越小,复合材料表面最高平衡温度越高;电阻丝排列密度越小,复合材料层间剪切强度越大。可见,纬编双轴向织物/环氧树脂电加热复合材料具有轻质高强、加热速率高、成型性好等特点,适合用于飞行器多个部位的防/除冰。      

结构参数对碳/树脂3D机织复合材料拉伸性能的影响

通过一系列的实验比较和分析研究, 客观评价了4 种不同结构碳/ 树脂3D 机织复合材料沿经向和纬向的拉伸性能。实验结果表明, 4 种3D 机织复合材料沿经向和纬向的负荷-位移曲线具有双线性, 初始模量高于二次模量; 3D 机织复合材料的拉伸曲线无屈服点, 是脆性材料; 3D 机织复合材料的力学性能优良,可同时在经向和纬向获得很高的拉伸性能; 加入衬经纱可以大大提高经向的拉伸强度和模量, 加大纬纱密度可以大大提高纬向的拉伸强度和模量; 4 种不同结构3D 机织复合材料中以带衬经和衬纬的复合材料拉伸性能为最佳。      

UHMWPE交织双轴向纬编复合材料高应变率压缩性能研究

利用SHPB装置对UHMWPE交织双轴向纬编针织物/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料进行了高应变率压缩实验,研究了该材料的应变率效应和能量吸收.结果表明:等离子体处理后,复合材料的高应变率压缩性能有了较大的提高,放电功率100W是一个较为合适的处理条件.UHMWPE交织双轴向纬编复合材料呈现出一定的应变率敏感性:随着应变率的增加,最大应力、压缩模量、断裂应变能密度相应增大.由于交织双轴向纬编结构中的针织线圈及经纬纱交织作用,其具有较好的抗冲击性能.     

TDI改性苎麻纤维增强PE复合材料的性能

以苎麻原麻、纱线、苎麻粗绳、苎麻布为原料,用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)进行接枝改性,然后制备出不同苎麻纤维与树脂PE的复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子万能拉伸试验机等分析测试手段对复合材料力学性能和断口进行了测试分析。结果表明:苎麻纤维经过TDI接枝改性后,其复合材料界面性能明显改善。接枝后原麻/PE复合材料复合拉伸性能略有下降,而苎麻绳和苎麻布/PE复合材料拉伸性能明显提高。     

不同预制体结构炭/炭复合材料烧蚀性能

采用电弧驻点烧蚀实验方法, 测试了分别以细编穿刺毡和针刺无纬布整体毡为增强体的2种C/C复合材料的烧蚀率, 并用电子扫描显微镜观察了烧蚀表面形貌。结果表明: C/C复合材料的烧蚀由化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀共同控制, 以机械剥蚀为主; 细编穿刺毡结构C/C复合材料由于Z向纤维束的存在, 加速了材料烧蚀表面粗糙度的变化, 烧蚀率略高于针刺无纬布整体毡结构C/C复合材料; 针刺无纬布整体毡结构C/C复合材料中无纬布层与烧蚀气流垂直, 具有良好的烧蚀性能。      

双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料弯曲性能

经纬纱和针织纱分别选用不同线密度的高模高强玄武岩纤维, 以不同衬纱方式编织出机织针织复合(CWK)织物和多层双轴向纬编(MBWK)织物, 并以其作为增强体, 采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/乙烯复合材料。对两种复合材料0°、 90°和45°方向的弯曲性能进行测试, 分析比较了弯曲应力-应变特征曲线及纱线强度。结果表明: 两种复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能, 0°和90°方向的弯曲性能均优于各自45°方向的, 弯曲应力-应变曲线均表现出一定的塑性破坏特征; MBWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能又分别高于CWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能; 复合材料中经纱和纬纱的屈曲程度不同, 致使MBWK织物增强复合材料的比模量和纱线强度均高于CWK织物增强复合材料, 两种复合材料的弯曲性能受不同衬纱方式的影响, 而两种复合材料试样的弯曲破坏形态相近。研究结果为双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料的应用提供了参考。     

双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料弯曲性能

经纬纱和针织纱分别选用不同线密度的高模高强玄武岩纤维,以不同衬纱方式编织出机织针织复合(CWK)织物和多层双轴向纬编(MBWK)织物,并以其作为增强体,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/乙烯复合材料.对两种复合材料0°、90°和45°方向的弯曲性能进行测试,分析比较了弯曲应力-应变特征曲线及纱线强度.结果表明:两种复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能,0°和90°方向的弯曲性能均优于各自45°方向的,弯曲应力-应变曲线均表现出一定的塑性破坏特征;MBWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能又分别高于CWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能;复合材料中经纱和纬纱的屈曲程度不同,致使MBWK织物增强复合材料的比模量和纱线强度均高于CWK织物增强复合材料,两种复合材料的弯曲性能受不同衬纱方式的影响,而两种复合材料试样的弯曲破坏形态相近.研究结果为双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料的应用提供了参考.     

不同结构UHMWPE纤维纬编针织复合材料压缩性能

针对高性能超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维的特性,成功编织出纬平针、罗纹、畦编3种针织物。采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型（VARTM）技术,分别制备出6层纬平针、6层罗纹以及6层畦编织物复合材料板。对3种结构复合材料进行压缩试验,并比较分析了比压缩强度-应变曲线、比压缩能量-应变曲线、比压缩能量-应变拟合曲线,分析了压缩过程中的能量吸收情况及材料的破坏形式。结果表明:纬平针结构复合材料的比压缩强度和比压缩能量均最大,其次是罗纹,畦编最小;且3种结构复合材料的压缩破坏过程均不属于脆性破坏;由于材料表现出较好的柔韧性,试样的比压缩能量与压缩应变呈线性相关;相同结构复合材料纵、横向比压缩强度-应变曲线和比压缩能量-应变曲线几乎重合。基体沿增强结构呈分层现象的破坏和树脂的塑性变形是材料的主要破坏形式。      

碱处理对苎麻/醋酸纤维素复合材料的影响

通过优化碱处理工艺条件改善苎麻纤维结构和性能,同时对醋酸纤维素进行改性处理,制备了苎麻纤维增强醋酸纤维素复合材料。通过性能测试和扫描电镜观察发现:碱处理既提高苎麻纤维强度和模量,又对苎麻纤维有韧化作用,还提高纤维表面的吸附能力,从而提高苎麻纤维/醋酸纤维素基复合材料剪切强度和弯曲强度。     

管道修复用涤纶-苎麻复合机织物性能试验

针对传统管道内衬修复材料施工中易出现内壁塌陷等问题,结合目前快速发展的绿色纤维复合材料,提出在涤纶机织物内衬材料中加入苎麻纱线,制作涤纶-苎麻复合机织物材料来提高树脂对管道修复用内衬机织物的浸透性能,增强内衬材料和管壁的粘结性能。以纤维外观、抽拔实验后纤维断面形貌的电镜观察,并通过树脂与织物接触角的测试、粘结实验,综合分析了涤-麻复合机织物的树脂浸透性,同时对涤纶-苎麻复合机织物力学性能进行测试来保障内衬复合材料满足强度的要求。实验结果表明,采用上述涤-麻复合织造的方法,可以显著提高树脂的浸透性能,有利于携带更多的树脂粘结剂提高树脂与管壁的粘结性,减少塌陷发生的可能性。同时加入麻复合的机织物,拉伸顶破性能都满足高压燃气管道的修复要求。     

Multi-Scale Modeling the Mechanical Properties of Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabrics for Composite Applications

In this paper a multi-scale numerical model for simulating the mechanical behavior of biaxial weft knitted fabrics produced based on 1×1 rib structure is presented. Fabrics were produced on a modern flat knitting machine using polyester as stitch yarns and nylon as straight yarns. A macro constitutive equation was presented to model the fabric mechanical behavior as a continuum material. User defined material subroutines were provided to implement the constitutive behavior in Abaqus software. The constitutive equation needs remarkable tensile tests on the fabric as the inputs. To solve this drawbacks meso scale modeling of the fabric was used to predict stress–strain curves of the fabric in three different directions (course, wale and 45°). In these simulations only the yarn properties are needed. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed macro and meso models, fabric tensile behavior in 22.5 and 67.5° directions were simulated by the calibrated macro model and compared with experimental results. Spherical deformation was also simulated by the multi scale model and compared with experimental results. The results showed that the multi-scale modeling can successfully predict the tensile and spherical deformation of the biaxial weft knitted fabric with least required experiments. This model will be useful for composite applications.     

Biaxial tension and ultimate deformation of knitted fabric reinforcements

In this study, the behavior under biaxial tension of two types of glass knitted fabrics, a rib and a milano weft knit, was investigated. The tests were performed using a homemade biaxial tester, which is capable of applying displacement velocity in two orthogonal directions independently. The ultimate deformation in both wale and course directions was determined at different displacement ratios. Furthermore, geometrical models were developed for the rib knit to predict the ultimate deformation. Good agreement with experimental results was achieved.     

Improvement of plant based natural fibers for toughening green composites—Effect of load application during mercerization of ramie fibers

Effect of mercerization to tensile properties of a ramie fiber was explored. Load application technique during mercerization has been employed in order to improve mechanical properties of the fiber. A chemical treatment apparatus with tensile loading portion for applying monofilaments was newly developed. The ramie fiber was alkali-treated by 15% NaOH solution with applied loads of 0.049 and 0.098 N. The results showed that tensile strength of the treated ramie fiber was improved, 4–18% higher than that of the untreated ramie fiber, while Young’s modulus of the treated fibers decreased. It should be noted that fracture strains of the treated ramie fiber drastically increased to 0.045–0.072, that is, twice to three times higher than those of the untreated ramie fiber. It was considered that such property improvements upon mercerization were correlated with change of morphological and chemical structures in microfibrils of the fiber. Finally, the plastic deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of the mercerized fibers under tensile loading process was explained using a schematic model.     

Permeability and mechanical properties of plant fiber reinforced hybrid composites

Plant fibers with small diameter generally possess high mechanical properties, while their permeability was relatively low compared to those with large diameter. By hybridizing these two kinds of plant fibers, a composite with both high permeability and good mechanical properties can be achieved. Here, permeability of jute/ramie and ramie fabrics were compared, regarding the flow rate of a vinyl ester resin during the Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding process; and mechanical properties of their composites were addressed thereafter. The faster flow rates of vinyl ester resin proved that jute/ramie fabrics were more permeable than pure ramie fabrics resulting from larger flow space and the greater capillary effect of jute fabrics. Both tensile strength and Charpy impact strength of the hybrid composites dropped slightly after hybridization due to the lower properties of jute than of ramie fiber as the properties of fiber dominated the failure mode. However, interlaminar shear strength remained, since the middle layer was far from the weak jute–ramie interface. The results implicated a method to improve the permeability of plant fiber reinforcement when manufacturing efficiency is considered in industrial application.     

苎麻纤维布和玻璃纤维布混杂铺层复合材料的力学性能

利用真空吸注成型(vacuum resin absorbable molding,VRAM)工艺制备苎麻纤维布与玻璃纤维布混杂铺层的环氧树脂基复合材料。测定复合材料的损耗因子、储能模量的温度谱和力学性能;利用单悬臂梁共振实验测量复合材料的共振频率和自由振动衰减曲线并计算出了阻尼因子。用有限元软件对其共振频率和自由振动衰减实验进行仿真分析。结果表明:通过苎麻纤维布/玻璃纤维布的混杂铺层,能够实现材料阻尼性能和力学性能的可控调节,充分发挥复合材料可设计性强的优势。其中RGR铺层的复合材料的损耗因子比纯玻璃纤维板提高了1.4倍,而拉伸强度比纯苎麻纤维板提高了3倍多;自由振动的有限元模拟曲线和实验曲线基本吻合,表明可以通过模拟软件实现复合材料的虚拟振动测试,从而为材料性能预测和设计提供方便。     

超混杂苎麻纤维增强铝复合材料(英文)

本文选取我国南北方均可种植的苎麻中的纤维作为复合材料的增强剂,观察了它的显微生物结构,并与竹、木相对比,将它的化学组成成分作了分析。结果表明,苎麻中的纤维素含量是三者中最高的。本文首次将苎麻纤维与铝薄板用环氧树脂复合,制成超混杂复合材料。对该材料的测试结果表明,其强度与所用的铝相比有明显提高,比强度、比刚度则大为提高,并且成本远低于铝,这种复合材料有望在工业上代替部分铝。