葛洲坝电厂19F机组励磁系统状态监测与诊断

根据面向优化维护的励磁系统状态监测与诊断对嵌入式和实时性的要求，重点研究了水轮发电机励磁系统状态监测与诊断方法，在此基础上，设计开发了励磁系统嵌入式状态监测与诊断单元。在葛洲坝电厂19F机组上的试验及运行情况说明，该单元为设备状态监测、分析与诊断提供了先进的工具，有利于提高检修质量、减少维护成本，对逐步向状态检修发展提供了积极的成果。     

HM9000ES 水电机组故障诊断专家系统的设计与开发

根据近年来水电厂对机组状态监测的需求与故障诊断技术的发展状况,基于原HM9000水电机组远程在线监测分析系统的基础,设计开发了一套开放式水电机组故障诊断专家系统软件平台,通过搜集、整理和分析部分常见故障案例,并吸收归纳本领域部分专家的诊断经验,对诊断经验实现了知识化、规则化和可用化。结合三峡集团公司大型诊断中心的建设,实现了部分故障的智能诊断,为机组状态检修提供了依据。     

水电机组的计算机实时状态监测研究

水电机组计算机实时状态监测是优化维护系统实现实时状态监测功能的技术基础。本文在分析状态监测量选取原则的基础上，确定了水电机组实时状态监测内容、途径及方法，并进一步论述了水电机组状态监测数字信号处理与信息管理方法。实现水电机组的实时状态监测功能，可以极大地丰富机组系统运行信息，节省运行与检修人力与物力，有效地提高了水电机组运行与维护质量及检修的有效性与经济性；对于水电厂逐步实现向状态检修过渡具有积极的意义。     

基于数字化模型的水轮机调速系统状态监测与分析

从状态检修角度出发，提出了基于数字化模型的调速系统状态监测与状态分析方法。该方法通过调速系统设备分析确定了测点布置和数据采集方案，在状态监测的基础上，以机组运行工况为线索，结合调速系统数字化模型对水轮机调速系统设备进行状态评估，采用事件触发和约束传播机制进行设备故障诊断，并以可视化模型指示调速系统设备健康状态和变化趋势，为实现调速系统状态检修打下基础。     

基于信息融合技术的风电机组振动状态评估

对风电机组振动进行监测与诊断能提前预知机组健康状态,有效防止风电机组"倒塔"事故发生。风电机组的振动与风速、转速、温度等量有关。利用信息融合技术,建立风电机组振动状态评估模型,对机组进行状态监测,并分析风速、转速、温度等量与振动之间的关系。根据分析结果,评估机组的运行状态,找出了振动越限点,并分析了影响振动的主导原因,得到了诊断结果。     

设备在线振动监测与故障分析诊断技术在大型水泵机组中的应用

如何进一步提高大型水泵机组运行状态监测的自动化水平是科学管理、保障安全供水的重要课题。在线振动监测与故障分析诊断技术能够对大型水泵机组的运行状态进行有效监测,随时把握关键机组当前的运行状况,了解被监测水泵机组的状态变化趋势,分析诊断振动异常水泵的故障性质、部位、原因和严重程度,以及检查和验收大修或临时维修的效果,提高机组运行完好率,减少停机时间及降低维修成本,提升设备管理的现代化水平。主要对振动监测与故障分析诊断技术在大型水泵机组中的应用进行研究和综合论述,探讨了大型水泵机组运行中常见的故障,并通过案例说明了该技术对分析和判断机组故障的效果。同时以某大型泵站为例,具体阐述了该技术在大型卧式离心泵机组中的应用,为泵站大型水泵机组的设计提供解决方案。     

水轮发电机组低成本监测及优化研究

以低成本为目标构建了水轮发电机组的在线监测系统,在机组振动数据的采集、数据传输、数据库建立等系统的软硬件结构上进行设计,将水轮发电机组运行信息可视化,并通过专家系统的诊断与预警功能实施监测。将水轮发电机组运行产生的振动通过传感器转换为电压信号,由数据采集系统采集后统一存储到状态数据库中,通过频域分析和诊断,可自动生成运行状态报表,由主控界面显示,可显示机组振动的频点和幅值、各相关频点幅值的变化曲线等信息。运行人员可以根据上述信息调整机组的运行工况,对于轴流转桨机组还可以微调协联关系,以接近最优工况运行,从而提升机组运行效率。     

水轮机组状态监测及诊断分析系统软件设计

文章针对我国水轮机组的计划性维修现状，提出应用状态监测的方法，应用面对对象的技术，开发了状态监测及诊断分析的各个模块，利用水轮机组硬件采集的数据进行分析诊断，为水轮机组及电网经济运行和机组检修人员进行状态维修提供技术的依据和帮助指南，以延长机组大修期并提早发现故障隐患。     

太平湾发电厂机组状态检修信息管理系统情况简介

从要组运行数据采集、处理及趋势分析信息，机组安装、检修、事故处理信息和机组状态检修知识信息等诸方面详细介绍了机组状态信息管理系统，通过查询此系统可以了解机组运行的健康状况，为机组实施状态检修做好技术准备。     

葛洲坝电站智能化建设的研究和实践

IEC61850、IEC61850-7-410国际标准的相继颁布和实施,为我国智能化水电站建设提供了有力的技术支撑。本论文深入阐述了IEC61850标准的主要内容、特点、基本概念以及发展趋势,并以葛洲坝电站智能化建设为例子,详细介绍了葛洲坝电站智能化建设的整体框架,分析了传统机组信息模型和智能电站机组信息模型的区别,展现了智能水电站机组信息模型的优点。最后,从4个方面详细分析了葛洲坝电站机组信息模型的应用情况,并对IEC61850标准在智能水电站建设的发展方向进行了展望。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。