“ISO/IEC17025”与“ISO9000”标准的区别与联系

归纳了ISO/IEC170 2 5《检测与标准实验室能力的通用要求》和ISO90 0 0《质量管理和质量保证标准》的基本含义和技术要求。通过对两个标准的评细论述 ,阐明它们之间的区别与联系。并对已获得“170 2 5”和“ISO90 0 0”证书的部分试验室和企业的基本情况进行了分析。     

"ISO/IEC 17025"与"ISO 9000"的区别与联系

本文归纳了ISO／IEC17025《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》和ISO9000系统标准的基本含义和技术要求，进一步阐明了它们之间的区别和联系，并对我国已获得“17025”和“ISO9000”证书的部分检验实验室和生产企业的基本状况进行了分析。     

环境与标准紧密相连

随着世界各国工业化进程的加快，环境保护问题已越来越多地被人们关注。尽管地球与环境首脑会议和日本京都国际大会的结果显示很多政府在全球环境问题上面临困难，但是这些高规格会议带来的益处是在商业、工业和消费者中建立了一种新的理念，即他们可以在严格法规框架下或不在严格法规框架下采取很多措施来解决环境问题．     

国际上是怎样规定将国际标准和国外先进标准订入采用国国家标准的？

ISO／IEC导则21—1981（E）中规定，一般采用六种方法将国际标准和国外先进标准订入（编入）采用国国家标准。     

国际标准ISO/IEC17025:1999(E)与ISO/IEC导则25:1990的详细比较

1　引言ＩＳＯ/ＩＥＣ1 70 2 5:1 999(Ｅ)是在ＩＳＯ/ＩＥＣ导则 2 5和ＥＮ4 50 0 1得到广泛应用的基础上产生并取代上述两个标准的。它包含了测试和校准实验室为证明其按质量体系运行、具有技术能力并能提供正确的技术结果所必须满足的所有要求。ＩＳＯ90 0 0系列标准的公布 ,使各国在质量管理的理论和实践方面得到统一 ,标志着现代的质量管理已走向国际规范化。随着质量体系日益广泛的应用 ,作为实验室 ,要求其保证按照既符合ＩＳＯ90 0 1或ＩＳＯ90 0 2同时符合ＩＳＯ/ＩＥＣ1 70 2 5的质量体系运行的需要也在增长 ,因此 ,ＩＳＯ1 70 2 5…     

如何保证检测报告的准确、清晰、明确和客观

卫生检测报告证书作为法律数据文书，是检测实验室最终成品，成品质量的好坏，直接关系到实验室在社会上的公信力和竞争力。通用国际标准ISO／IEC17025《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》明确规定：“实验室应准确、清晰、明确和客观地报告每一项检测结果。”如何保证发出的每份报告均能做到准确、清晰、明确和客观的八字要求，笔者在日常审核报告的工作中，有以下几点体会：     

闪联标准正式成为ISO／IEC国际标准

近日,日内瓦ISO／IEC（国际标准化组织／国际电工委员会）国际标准中央秘书处发来正式文件联标准工作组提交的闪联标准提案正式通过了ISO／IEC最后一轮形式投票．完成了ISO全部投票流程96％的支持率高票通过．被正式接纳为ISO／IEC国际标准．     

中国在高新技术领域的又一次重大突破——EPA入围IEC标准——IEC／SC65C联合工作组会议（法国）纪要

2004年1月19～22日(当地时间)在法国南部的Paulliac小镇召开了IEC／SC65C／JWG10、WG11、12、13等四个工作组联合大会和工作组会议。中国代表团参加了此次会议，代表团成员有：梅恪(机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所、SAC／TC124／SC4秘书长，团长)、冯冬芹(浙江大学、浙     

符合国际浊度测定标准的浊度分析仪

介绍ISO7027-1999《水质-浊度的测定》的主要内容和一种符合该标准方法的浊度传感器的结构，以及以该传感器为核心的GD0011S型浊度分析仪。     

GB/T3216-2005回转动力泵性能判定法的公式化研究

探讨了ISO9906和GB/T3216—2005标准中有关流量、扬程和效率值以及NPSHR的判定问题。分析了标准中性能满足的保证条件，分别提出了流量、扬程和效率值以及NPSHR的判定的数学表达式，比较了新、旧的判别方法。     

A note on deteriorating jobs and learning effects on a single-machine scheduling with past-sequence-dependent setup times

A result in a recent paper by Yin et al. (Int J Adv Manuf Technol 46:707–714, (2010) is incorrect because job processing times are variable due to both deteriorating jobs and learning effects, a consideration which was not taken into account by the authors. In this note, we show by a counter-example that the published result is incorrect.     

我国企业集团规范化途径初探

分析我国现有企业集团的运行状况、与规范化企业集团的差距、形成差距的原因，探讨我国企业集团规范化的途径。     

A novel approach for realization of primary vibration calibration standard by homodyne laser interferometer in frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz

The paper discusses the primary vibration calibration standard of NPL, India capable of calibrating the reference accelerometers in frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz as per ISO 16063-11. The excitation subsystem produces constant vibration at a specified amplitude and frequency, while the measurement system uses NI interface for measuring the quadrature output. The acceleration level and voltage level at the calibration frequency f is determined by applying a Discrete Fourier Transform to the voltage and displacement signals, and then examining the spectral component at frequency f. A PC-based data acquisition system acquires the accelerometer voltage signal and analog quadrature interferometer photodetector signal pair as well as a digital quadrature pair whereby the software processes the demodulated photodetector signals to reconstruct the armature displacement. The validation of the calibration results for standard reference accelerometers with manufacturer results and uncertainty in calibration in entire frequency range 0.1 Hz to 20 kHz is reported in the present work.     

Note to: Deteriorating jobs and learning effects on a single-machine scheduling with past-sequence-dependent setup times

Some results in a recent paper (Yin et al., Int J Adv Manuf Technol 46:707–714, 2010) are incorrect. In this note, we show by a counterexample that the results are incorrect.     

The “leaves on the line” problem—a study of leaf residue film formation and lubricity under laboratory test conditions

The problem of leaf residue and loss of adhesion in the wheel/rail track contact has been studied in ball-on-disc test device. The friction properties of sycamore leaf samples were measured for a range of speeds and imposed slip at a maximum contact pressure of 1.0 GPa. At the end of the test the leaf lubricant films were examined under a low-power microscope and the organic content analysed by Infra-Red (IR) Reflection-Absorption Microspectroscopy. The test samples included water-saturated leaves and the supernatant soaking water to measure the effect of water-soluble leaf components. The results were compared to pure water. During the initial film formation the leaf samples rapidly formed a slurry composed of small black particles, this dried to a thick adherent black film as the test proceeded. This suggested that the black film was due to a chemical reaction between the water-soluble leaf component and steel rather than as the result of charring of the organic material. Friction coefficients of the leaf slurry were in the range μ = 0.03–0.06 (50% slip) compared to values of μ = 0.15–0.2 for pure water. Friction was also reduced in tests with the leaf-soaking water, suggesting that water-soluble leaf components (identified as pectin) play a role in the low adhesion mechanism. IR analysis showed that the black residue films contained pectin (pectate) and cellulose derived from the leaf samples. Pectin appears to play an important role in the lubrication process. In the presence of metal ions pectin will gel and thus could form a thin but highly viscous layer on the track surface. This gel will also flocculate cellulose to create the black biomass, which provides the lubricating film.     

高度集成一体化分电器及其试验研究

介绍了一种新颖的高度集成一体化分电器的结构、工作原理。并进行了集成化分电器匹配发动机性能试验研究。结果表明集成化分电器有效地改善了发动机的动力性能、经济性能和排放性能 ,从而为集成化分电器的研制提供了一定的参考价值     

A study on the band split of power spectral density for a vibration test

A vibration aging test is a part of equipment qualification. When the vibration level is too high for the shaker system, the equivalent test can be accomplished by bandsplitting and/or time-level trade techniques. This paper discusses the power spectral density (PSD) band-splitting effect on fatigue damage and a method for the application to PSD bandsplitting. Three types of acceleration PSDs—band-limited white noise (BLWN) PSD, unimodal PSD, and bimodal PSD—with various shapes were chosen as target PSDs. Oritz and Chens method, and Benascuitti and Tovo’s method were used to calculate fatigue damage spectra (FDS). The maximum values of fatigue damage ratios for all target PSDs were calculated. It was found that PSD overlapping can be used to compensate for the lack of fatigue damage due to PSD band-splitting. An application example of the suggested method that enables conservative testing when applying PSD band-splitting is presented herein.

     

A study on reliability centered maintenance planning of a standard electric motor unit subsystem using computational techniques

The design and manufacture of urban transportation applications has been necessarily complicated in order to improve its safety. Urban transportation systems have complex structures that consist of various electric, electronic, and mechanical components, and the maintenance costs generally take up approximately 60% of the total operational costs. Therefore, it is essential to establish a maintenance plan that takes into account both safety and cost. In considering safety and cost limitations, this research introduces an advanced reliability centered maintenance (RCM) planning method using computational techniques, and applies the method to a standard electric motor unit (EMU) subsystem. First, this research devises a maintenance cost function that can reflect the current operating conditions, and maintenance characteristics, of components by generating essential cost factors. Second, a reliability growth analysis (RGA) is performed, using the Army Material Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA) model, to estimate reliability indexes such as failure rate, and mean time between failures (MTBF), of a standard EMU subsystem, and each individual component Third, two optimization processes are performed to ascertain the optimal maintenance reliability of each component in the standard EMU subsystem. Finally, this research presents the maintenance time of each component based on the optimal maintenance reliability provided by optimization processesand reliability indexes provided by the RGA method. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae-Eun Kim Myung-Won Suh is a professor of Mechanical Engineering. During 1986–1988, he worked for Ford motor company as researcher. During 1989–1995, he worked in the technical center of KIA motors. He earned a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University and an MS degree in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST, South Korea. He obtained his Doctorate at the University of Michigan, USA, in 1989. His research areas include structure and system optimization, advanced safety vehicle and reliability analysis & optimization. Chul-Ho Bae is a PhD candidate at Sungkyunkwan University in Suwon, South Korea. He ac-complished fellowship work as researcher at Mississippi State University, USA, in 2003 and 2005. He worked in Institute of Advanced Machinery and Technology (IMAT) as a Research Assistant in 2004. He was a part time Lecturer in computer aided Mechanical Engineering of Ansan College of Technology, Suwon Science College, and Osan College during 2004–2005. He took a BS Degree in Mechanical Design and an MS Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Sungkyunkwan University. His research interests include computer aided engineering, reliability engineering, and optimization.