点焊电极工作状态在线监测

对连续点焊过程中电极两端电流、电压和动态电阻进行跟踪测试,并对点焊电极不同工作状态下跟踪测试结果进行对比分析,确定出在线监测点焊电极工作状态的最佳方法。     

铝合金直流点焊神经网络建模

采用三相次级整流点焊机和动态参数检测系统,研究了硬铝合金ＬＹ１２直流点焊焊接性;在大量工艺试验基础上,运用神经网络方法,构造了一种离散型人工神经网络点焊质量预测与评估模型。研究结果表明,对点焊焊接电流、极间电压和焊点剪切力等预测模型的输入、输出参数进行离散化处理,可以实现输入向量空间到输出向量空间的映射,构造的预测模型具有良好的有效性和容错性,适用于铝合金直流点焊质量的预测和评估,为最终实现电阻点焊的智能制造奠定了基础。     

铝合金介质点焊工艺性研究

介绍了用于铝合金介质点焊大电阻介质材料的制备,并在有介质材料和无介质材料条件下进行了点焊试验,对其熔核形貌进行了分析,结果表明,未应用介质材料的熔核点均产生气孔、未熔合现象,而应用介质材料则比较好,仅有少量的气孔,没有未熔合现象,并且降低了电极工作温度,延长了电极的使用寿命。     

电阻点焊质量监测

电阻点焊质量监测作为一种无损质量检测方法,近年来受到了国内外学术界的广泛关注。阐述了电阻点焊质量监测系统的结构与组成,详细介绍常用的检测信号及其传感器,总结传感器、监测方法及监测系统的最新成果和发展趋势。     

铝合金车身的点焊工艺

材料轻量化是汽车制造业的发展趋势,而铝合金材料的应用则是材料轻量化的重要途径之一,介绍了铝合金焊接的技术特点、车身焊接方法的选择、焊前表面准备和铝合金点焊工艺、以及点焊质量的检查、试验。     

铝合金点焊预压接触分析

利用有限元模拟分析,研究了铝合金点焊在采用固定的预应力和变化预应力时,工件与工件间的应力分布状态。结果表明,工件间接触区域的半径比电极端面半经大;随着预应力的增大,工件间出现应力峰值的位置向对称轴方向移动。     

点焊规范参数实时在线监测系统

在不更换原来点焊控制器的基础上,增加价格不高的实时监测系统,实时监测焊接电流、电极压力以及电缆线损坏程度等焊接规范参数。通过单片机内部A/D转换和逐点积分法实现对焊接电流、焊接电缆两端电压、电极压力的监测和有效值的计算。通过计算电缆线电阻的方法判断焊接电缆损坏的程度,结果表明,以ATMEGA128为核心的电阻点焊规范参数实时监测系统能够有效监测以悬挂式点焊机为代表的工频交流点焊机的焊接参数,并且可以把相关数据发送到计算机上,实现焊装车间电阻点焊的网络化管理。     

电阻点焊超声在线监测

电阻点焊质量决定了车身强度和车辆安全。超声无损检测方法常用于焊后抽检,但车身焊装完成后,结构内部诸多焊点难以触及,无法检测。针对上述问题,将超声检测技术应用于焊接过程监测,基于脉冲-回波超声探头与特征信号分析技术,研究点焊过程工件内部超声场瞬态分布情况;设计了新型内置超声波探头电极结构,将超声探头嵌入电极动臂水冷腔,进行脉冲电阻点焊超声在线监测试验,分析超声时程、焊接过程超声回波特征;利用声学信号实时记录焊核熔化和凝固过程,并研究点焊典型焊接缺陷虚焊的超声回波图特征,分析基于回波的虚焊焊点鉴别方法。研究结果表明,通过观察C扫描图像特征与A扫描信号的变化,能够很好地划分点焊接头的热影响区、熔合区、熔核区以及焊接缺陷。通过C扫描图像特征对虚焊焊点进行快速识别,进而实现点焊缺陷检测和熔核尺寸测量。     

通过监测电极位移的模糊控制铝合金点焊

利用热弹塑性有限元来仿真研究铝合金的点焊过程,分析了焊接电流和电极挤压力对点焊质量的影响。研究了电极位移与焊接电流和挤压力间关系,证明电极位移表征了点焊质量,只要电极位移控制在一个合适的范围内,就能得到理想的点焊质量。在此基础上,提出监控电极位移,利用模糊控制方法,实时改变点焊的电流,从而控制点焊熔核尺寸,达到良好的点焊质量。由于模糊控制的引入,极大地扩大了点焊对挤压力等的适应能力,方便了点焊初始参数的选取。     

Seal spot welding of steel and aluminium alloy by resistance spot welding: dissimilar metal joining of steel and aluminium alloy by Zn insertion

This research concerns a dissimilar metal joining of steel and aluminium (Al) alloys by means of zinc (Zn) insertion. The authors propose a joining concept for achieving strong bonded joints between Zn-coated steel and Al alloys. A eutectic reaction between Zn in the Zn coating and uniform Al–Fe intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the joint interface, leading to a strong bonded joint. The ultimate aim of this research was to apply this joining concept in the resistance spot welding process for manufacturing vehicle bodies. As a practical issue characteristic to joints of dissimilar metals, anticorrosion measures against electrochemical corrosion must be undertaken. If there is moisture near a joint interface of dissimilar metals, electrochemical erosion will progress. Therefore, a sealing function that could prevent moisture intrusion is required. By applying the above-mentioned welding process to a set of metals with thermosetting resin spread in between, we realized seal spot welding, which not only prevented moisture intrusion but also retained high tensile strength. In this research, first, a cyclic corrosion test was performed on the seal spot-welded joint of galvanized (GI) steel, a steel grade widely distributed in Japan, and Al alloy was bonded by seal spot welding, and the following topics are discussed. Complete removal of sealant from the joint interface is the key to realizing the high tensile stress joint, because remaining sealant will lead to reduction in tensile strength. Therefore, heat generation at the interface was monitored by measuring electrical current and potential difference between the two electrodes, and a precise temperature control was performed. Moreover, the bonding process was clarified by stepwise analysis of the joint interface using optical microscopy, and a guideline for producing strong joints was proposed. And finally, a TEM observation also confirmed that the interface structure of the seal spot-welded joint was the same as joints without the resin; a thin and uniform Al–Fe IMC layer was formed and a strong metallurgical bonding was achieved.     

两种铝合金的点焊组织模拟与试验分析

AA754和AA6082是两种具有不同强化机制的铝合金材料,在电阻点焊加热过程中,两种铝合金材料的组织会发生不同类型的转变.通过采用不同的计算模型,使用有限元软件对两种铝合金点焊后不同焊接组织的分布进行了模拟和预测.通过焊接试验研究,对两种铝合金的点焊组织的形态和分布进行了观察.结果表明,所采用的两种计算模型可以有效的预测和反映出两种铝合金点焊组织变化过程中的一些现象.仿真结果和试验结果都显示出两种铝合金的点焊组织有着明显不同的特征.     

A correlation study of mechanical strength of resistance spot welding of AA5754 aluminium alloy

AA5754 aluminium alloy was resistance spot welded (RSW) to produce 27 different joint stack-ups with differing process parameters and corresponding weld quality. Quasi-static joint strength was evaluated for three test geometries; lap-shear, coach-peel and cross-tension. The results derived from over 1000 samples demonstrate various fundamental relationships. For lap-shear strength, a strong relationship with weld nugget diameter was observed; whilst discrete strength levels were found for coach-peel test geometry, depending on the governing metal thickness of the parent sheet for the various stack-ups. For cross-tension strength; there is a relationship with nugget diameter; but data are sensitive to nugget periphery defects. These fundamental relationships provide a set of generalised design guidelines for RSW of aluminium that will have significant relevance to manufacturing communities.     

Friction stir spot welding of aluminium to steel by rotating tool without probe

A friction stir spot welding process, in which a rotating tool without a probe was employed, was applied to a lap joint of an aluminium plate to a low carbon steel plate. The thicknesses of both plates were 0.5 mm. In this process, the rotating tool of 5 mm diameter, rotating at 18,000 rpm, was plunged into the aluminium plate at a rate of 2 mm/s, and then kept at a maximum plunged depth of 0.05–0.35 mm for 0–2 s (dwell time). In the weld obtained by this process, a hole due to the impression of the penetrated tool probe was not formed, although a slight depression by the tool plunging remained. At tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm or over, it was possible to weld the two plates. The maximum tensile failure load of 454 N was obtained at a plunge depth of 0.1 mm and a dwell time of 1.5 s. Its joint was fractured at an almost constant load along the periphery of the depression, leaving a part of the aluminium plate on the steel plate surface. Based on the observation of the weld interface microstructure and metal flow of aluminium in the weld, controlling factors of the joint strength were discussed.     

铝合金复合焊接技术的发展现状

铝合金具有导电导热性好、质量轻、抗腐蚀、易成形等优点，提高其焊接生产率和质量，减少焊接缺陷已成为实际生产的迫切要求；重点介绍了近年来发展的激光-电弧复合焊、激光等离子焊、等离子电弧焊、电子束-等离子弧焊、TIG-MAC焊、激光搅拌-摩擦焊等多种铝合金焊接工艺的特点度应用情况。     

铝合金焊接新技术在汽车制造中的应用

详细介绍了近年来国内外出现的铝合金焊接新技术(激光焊、激光-电弧复合焊以及摩擦搅拌焊)的原理、工艺特点以及在汽车制造中的应用.     

镁合金电阻点焊接头组织结构特点

为了提高镁合金电阻点焊接头的力学性能,采用光学显微镜、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜、x射线衍射仪研究了接头的微观组织和相组成.结果表明,接头主要由熔核和热影响区(HAZ)所构成.熔核一般包括两种不同的组织形态,即熔核边缘的胞状树枝晶和熔核中心的等轴树枝晶.熔核是由大量的α-Mg相和少量的β-Mg17Al12相所组成.相对于未熔化的母材晶粒,热影响区晶粒变粗,并伴随晶界熔化.当焊接电流为23 kA,焊接时间为8个周波,电极力为4.5 kN时,熔核边缘的胞状树枝晶细化,而熔核中心的等轴树枝晶有向等轴晶转化的倾向,且平均晶粒尺寸为12.96μm.     

铝合金电阻点焊研究现状及工业应用

铝合金作为一种新型节能材料,被广泛应用在航空航天、汽车工业等领域,其特点是低密度、高比强度、导热导电性能优异、抗腐蚀性强等.阐明了铝合金电阻点焊存在的难点,并进行了相关的原理性解释,归纳总结了国内外关于铝合金电阻点焊的相关研究现状,探讨未来铝合金的电阻点焊研究方向与研究重点,并列举了铝合金的电阻点焊在汽车工业与其他产业中的应用.     

镁合金电阻点焊接头中的缺陷

研究了新型轻质镁合金在电阻点焊中的主要缺陷,分析了焊接缺陷的形貌特点、形成原因和危害,为提高镁合金点焊接头质量提供了依据.结果表明,在镁合金电阻点焊接头中的裂纹为结晶裂纹,与电流特性、结晶时的应力状态和成分偏析有关;缩松和缩孔的产生主要与焊接过程中金属热膨胀及焊接后期锻压力大小有关;电极粘附和焊接喷溅是镁合金点焊中最常见的缺陷,产生的主要原因是电极与工件以及工件与工件界面处局部过热造成的.     

铝合金激光双光点焊接工艺特性

对铝合金薄板激光单光点和双光点焊接(包括不填丝和填丝)的焊缝成形、对接间隙和准直度容许裕度以及气孔状况进行了比较,并分析了双光点能量分布的激光对铝合金焊接的影响.结果表明,与激光单光点焊接相比,激光双光点焊接铝合金所得焊缝表面质量更好,焊缝熔宽更大,对接间隙和准直度容许裕度明显放宽.激光双光点焊接铝合金可以显著减少焊缝中大气孔的数量,但对焊缝中小气孔数量的影响不明显.此外,填加焊丝可以进一步改善焊缝表面质量并放宽对接间隙和准直度容许裕度,但将增大焊缝产生大气孔的倾向,采用激光双光点焊接仍可使焊缝中大气孔的数量明显减少.