电流比较仪磁屏蔽效能的计算

大电流比较仪具有高准确度,线性特性好,低漂移等特点,因此被广泛应用于实验室和工业现场。在大电流比较仪的设计中磁屏蔽是非常重要的。长期以来,磁屏蔽效能的计算是依靠解析的方法,误差较大。文章利用目前流行的数值计算方法,对电流比较仪磁屏蔽效能进行了分析。文中提出了电流比较仪磁屏蔽效能问题的数学模型的建立方法,讨论了有限元法在电流比较仪磁屏蔽效能计算中的应用,给出了磁屏蔽体二维和三维模型的计算结果。     

磁屏蔽效能的有限元分析

提出了磁屏蔽效能问题的三维有限元模型的建立方法,应用ANSYS软件得到磁屏蔽效能为28.78,并将结果绘制成曲线,使结果更加一目了然。为了检验计算结果是否符合实际情况,通过一种间接的方法对磁屏蔽效能进行测试。对比分析以上的计算结果和测试结果,可以得出结论:利用有限元法进行磁屏蔽效能计算,对直流传感器的磁屏蔽效能估算具有一定的指导意义。     

气隙对电流比较仪磁屏蔽屏蔽效能影响的研究

电流比较仪的磁屏蔽是减小磁性误差,提高测量精度的重要组成部分,但实际中磁屏蔽往往存在气隙导致屏蔽效能下降,影响比较仪的测量精度。通过建立有限元模型,研究磁屏蔽上引线穿出气隙对屏蔽效能的影响,得到了屏蔽效能随气隙高度变化的规律。对于该模型,气隙高度小于10 mm时,屏蔽效能下降不大;当气隙高度大于10 mm后,屏蔽效能下降明显。最后,搭建实验平台验证气隙对屏蔽效能的影响,实验结果与有限元计算结果相吻合,小气隙对屏蔽效能的影响不大,当气隙超过一定高度后对屏蔽效能影响很大,实际设计中应予以避免。     

基于超导磁场环境真空测量电离规磁屏蔽结构仿真研究

聚变装置超导磁场环境下真空测量电离规因灯丝变形、带电粒子轨迹变化等物理机制导致真空测量精度不高,不能满足工程精确测量的需求。基于磁屏蔽的理论,构建了半封闭式和开放式的两种多层磁屏蔽结构模型,利用Maxwell有限元软件,仿真研究了结构材料层不同厚度和不同磁场方向等条件下磁屏蔽效能的变化规律。结果表明,屏蔽效能随铁层材料径向厚度的增加而增大,铁层材料端部厚度对其影响较小;超导材料层厚度对屏蔽效能影响较小;磁场方向角在0°~90°范围内,屏蔽效能先减后增,并在90°(屏蔽结构轴向与磁场方向平行)时达到最大值。为电离规在复杂磁场应用条件下的屏蔽结构工程设计提供了依据。     

关于电磁屏蔽服的屏蔽效能

计量测试源于生活,发展成专门学科后披上了神秘和深奥的面纱,看着各种报告中的数据和术语,大多数老百姓感到是一头雾水。既然计量测试是为广大人民群众服务的,消除人们心中的疑问便是我们的责任,经过一段时间的酝酿,我们萌生了开辟本专栏的想法,请专家们对大众普遍关注的问题作一些通俗的讲解。本期我们刊载的是有关电磁屏蔽服的文章．下一期介绍移动通信基站。     

基于各向异性织物的电磁屏蔽性能仿真计算

为实现电磁织物的屏蔽效能理论预测及其优化设计,本研究对电磁屏蔽织物构建了三维模型,采用CST (Computer simulation technology)微波工作室模拟各向异性织物与电磁波相互作用的机理。计算了在1~18GHz波段内,电磁波入射角和方位角对屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明:x轴和y轴方向介电常数对织物屏蔽效能的影响较为显著,且在各向异性介电常数较小时,屏蔽效能随电磁波入射角的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;而当电磁波方位角发生变化时,不同电磁波入射角对其产生的屏蔽效能影响规律不同。本研究结果对各向异性织物具有较好的适用性,为开发高性能电磁屏蔽织物提供理论依据。     

应用于铯喷泉钟的磁屏蔽系统的设计

高质量磁屏蔽系统是铯喷泉钟的重要部件之一。首先给出评定磁屏蔽效果的3个指标,即磁场均匀区长度、磁场均匀区起点位置和磁屏蔽效率。在此基础上,讨论了利用有限元计算3层磁屏蔽系统的层间径向间距、轴向间距、端盖孔套管长度和端盖连接方式对磁屏蔽的影响,给出了相应的优化参数,并对比了按优化参数设计的3层磁屏蔽与原有4层磁屏蔽系统用有限元计算的磁屏蔽效果。有限元计算结果为中国计量科学研究院新铯喷泉钟磁屏蔽系统的技术设计提供了理论指导。     

平面材料屏蔽效能的屏蔽房测试方法

针对目前一些新型平面屏蔽材料的特性和标准测试方法中存在的不足,提出了两种平面材料屏蔽效能的屏蔽房测试方法,为平面材料的屏蔽性能实验提供了完善的实验手段,为准确评估平面材料的屏蔽效能提供了实验途径.同时,为大型孔缝结构的耦合实验和防护设备的性能检测提供了实验平台.通过实际测试应用,证明了实验方法的有效性和合理性.     

矩形线圈和圆形线圈屏蔽环境磁场的效能比较研究

研究了用3组轴线相互垂直的线圈组成的磁场屏蔽系统。通过毕奥-萨伐尔定律并借助Matlab软件,分 析比较了矩形线圈和圆形线圈两种屏蔽系统的磁场分布情况。实验数据表明矩形线圈屏蔽系统的性能要略优于圆形线圈屏蔽系统。其结论可应用与原子陀螺、电子显微镜等器件的设计中。     

ITO防电磁辐射玻璃屏蔽性能研究

采用直流磁控溅射技术在玻璃基板上沉积ITO薄膜,通过调整基板温度、薄膜厚度得到了最低方阻1．4Ω／□,薄膜透光率超过76％。对样品在150KHz到18GHz频段内电磁屏蔽效能采用屏蔽室法进行测试,1G频率点得到的屏蔽效能最好,达到了54dB,在屏蔽困难的低频段,150KHz频率点的屏蔽效能迟到24dB。     

Microwave Absorption and Shielding Property of Composites with FeSiAl and Carbonous Materials as Filler

Silicone rubber composites filled with FeSiAl alloys and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)/graphite have been prepared for the first time by a coating process.The complex permittivity and permeability of the composites were measured with a vector network analyzer in a 1-4 GHz frequency range,and the DC electric conductivity was measured by a standard four-point contact method.These parameters were then used to calculate the reflection loss(RL) and shielding effectiveness(SE) of the composites.The results showed that the added MWCNT increased the permittivity and permeability of composites in the L-band,while the added graphite increased only the permittivity.The variation lies in the interactions between two carbonous absorbents.Addition of 1 wt% MWCNT enhanced the RL in the L-band(minimum 5.7 dB at 1 mm,7.3 dB at 1.5 mm),while the addition of graphite did not.Addition of MWCNT as well as graphite reinforced the shielding property of the composites(maximum SE 13.3 dB at 1 mm,18.3 dB at 1.5 mm) owing to the increase of conductivity.The addition of these carbonous materials could hold the promise of enforcing the absorption and shielding property of the absorbers.     

Performance of Polyaniline-coated Short Carbon Fibers in Electromagnetic Shielding Coating

Combined nitric acid oxidation method and polyaniline （PANI）-coated method were applied to modify the surface properties of short carbon fibers （SCF）. The electrical and mechanical properties of acrylic coatings with 50 wt pct PANI-coated carbon fiber were investigated by using scanning electron microscope （SEM）, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, four-probe method and the coaxial cable method. The results of the pH measurement and XPS （X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy） patterns showed that the oxygen functional groups, such as -OH and -COOH, were attached on the carbon fiber surfaces after oxidation treatment. The XPS analysis of PANl-coated oxidized SCF （PAOSCF） revealed that PANI may bond on the surface of oxidized SCF with chemical bonds. SEM images and surface roughness analyses showed that PANl-coated layer changed the surface morphology. Compared with SCF/acrylic coating, the surface resistivity of PAOSCF/acrylic coating decreased from17.1 to 5.3 Ω/sq and the shielding efficiency （SE） value increased from 1.54 to 23.3 dB.     

纳米镍粉的制备及其电磁屏蔽效能的研究

采用水合肼为还原剂,氯化镍为原料,在水和乙醇混合介质中,通过化学还原法制备了单分散性的金属镍纳米粉.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,所制备的样品是纯镍纳米粉,没有杂相存在.场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)的结果表明,所制备样品的粒径均匀.纳米镍粉及纳米镍粉与微米镍粉混合的电磁屏蔽涂料的电磁屏蔽效能测量结果表明,纳米镍粉的加入,虽然会降低电磁屏蔽效能,但却能提高吸收损耗,原因是增大了磁损耗角正切,减少了电磁波对环境、设备造成的破坏及人类健康的危害.     

A Computational Approach to Investigate Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Mortar

The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of steel fiber-reinforced mortar was numerically examined in this study. A series of numerical analysis on twenty-seven types of specimens of different diameters, lengths, and volume fractions of fibers were conducted using the FE program HFSS to investigate the effect of the dimensions of steel fibers and the amount of fibers added to the mortar on the shielding effectiveness. S-parameters of some specimens were experimentally measured by the free space method and the experimentally measured S-parameters were compared with those computed in order to verify the present numerical analysis method. It was found that smaller diameters and larger volume fractions provided better shielding effectiveness. Fiber length did not strongly influence the shielding effectiveness. The number of fibers was found to strongly influence the shielding of electromagnetic waves, and the optimal number of fibers in the mortar was found.     

微波场强自动计量测试研究

介绍了微波场强计量测试的原理方法 ,主要介绍了在中文 WINDOWS95环境下利用 VB6 .0语言编程进行自动计量测试的研究情况以及测量不确定度分析。